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Tian S, Liu Y, Liu P, Nomura S, Wei Y, Huang T. Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Prognostic and Depression Risk Index for Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10776. [PMID: 39409106 PMCID: PMC11476876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorder contributes to the initiation and prognosis of patients with cancer, but the interaction between cancer and depressive disorder remains unclear. We generated a gastric adenocarcinoma patient-derived xenograft mice model, treated with chronic unpredictable mild stimulation. Based on the RNA-sequence from the mouse model, patient data from TCGA, and MDD-related (major depressive disorder) genes from the GEO database, 56 hub genes were identified by the intersection of differential expression genes from the three datasets. Molecular subtypes and a prognostic signature were generated based on the 56 genes. A depressive mouse model was constructed to test the key changes in the signatures. The signature was constructed based on the NDUFA4L2, ANKRD45, and AQP3 genes. Patients with high risk-score had a worse overall survival than the patients with low scores, consistent with the results from the two GEO cohorts. The comprehensive results showed that a higher risk-score was correlated with higher levels of tumor immune exclusion, higher infiltration of M0 macrophages, M2 macrophages, and neutrophils, higher angiogenetic activities, and more enriched epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling pathways. A higher risk score was correlated to a higher MDD score, elevated MDD-related cytokines, and the dysfunction of neurogenesis-related genes, and parts of these changes showed similar trends in the animal model. With the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database, we found that the gastric adenocarcinoma patients with high risk-score may be sensitive to Pazopanib, XMD8.85, Midostaurin, HG.6.64.1, Elesclomol, Linifanib, AP.24534, Roscovitine, Cytarabine, and Axitinib. The gene signature consisting of the NDUFA4L2, ANKRD45, and AQP3 genes is a promising biomarker to distinguish the prognosis, the molecular and immune characteristics, the depressive risk, and the therapy candidates for gastric adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tian
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (P.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (P.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (P.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Sachiyo Nomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
| | - Yongchang Wei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (P.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tianhe Huang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (P.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Bhattacharjee A, Jana A, Bhattacharjee S, Mitra S, De S, Alghamdi BS, Alam MZ, Mahmoud AB, Al Shareef Z, Abdel-Rahman WM, Woon-Khiong C, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Ashraf GM. The role of Aquaporins in tumorigenesis: implications for therapeutic development. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:106. [PMID: 38336645 PMCID: PMC10854195 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are ubiquitous channel proteins that play a critical role in the homeostasis of the cellular environment by allowing the transit of water, chemicals, and ions. They can be found in many different types of cells and organs, including the lungs, eyes, brain, glands, and blood vessels. By controlling the osmotic water flux in processes like cell growth, energy metabolism, migration, adhesion, and proliferation, AQPs are capable of exerting their regulatory influence over a wide range of cellular processes. Tumour cells of varying sources express AQPs significantly, especially in malignant tumours with a high propensity for metastasis. New insights into the roles of AQPs in cell migration and proliferation reinforce the notion that AQPs are crucial players in tumour biology. AQPs have recently been shown to be a powerful tool in the fight against pathogenic antibodies and metastatic cell migration, despite the fact that the molecular processes of aquaporins in pathology are not entirely established. In this review, we shall discuss the several ways in which AQPs are expressed in the body, the unique roles they play in tumorigenesis, and the novel therapeutic approaches that could be adopted to treat carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadyuti Bhattacharjee
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Ankit Jana
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Swagato Bhattacharjee
- KoshKey Sciences Pvt Ltd, Canara Bank Layout, Karnataka, Bengaluru, Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Kodigehalli, 560065, India
| | - Sankalan Mitra
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swagata De
- Department of English, DDE Unit, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zubair Alam
- Pre-clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah, Almunwarah, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Al Shareef
- College of Medicine, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chan Woon-Khiong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore.
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece
- Department of Research & Development, AFNP Med, 1030, Wien, Austria
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, University of Witten-Herdecke, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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Aquaporin-mediated dysregulation of cell migration in disease states. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:48. [PMID: 36682037 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated cell migration and invasion are hallmarks of many disease states. This dysregulated migratory behavior is influenced by the changes in expression of aquaporins (AQPs) that occur during pathogenesis, including conditions such as cancer, endometriosis, and arthritis. The ubiquitous function of AQPs in migration of diseased cells makes them a crucial target for potential therapeutics; this possibility has led to extensive research into the specific mechanisms underlying AQP-mediated diseased cell migration. The functions of AQPs depend on a diverse set of variables including cell type, AQP isoform, disease state, cell microenvironments, and even the subcellular localization of AQPs. To consolidate the considerable work that has been conducted across these numerous variables, here we summarize and review the last decade's research covering the role of AQPs in the migration and invasion of cells in diseased states.
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Clinical value and molecular mechanism of AQGPs in different tumors. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:174. [PMID: 35972604 PMCID: PMC9381609 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs), including AQP3, AQP7, AQP9, and AQP10, are transmembrane channels that allow small solutes across biological membranes, such as water, glycerol, H2O2, and so on. Increasing evidence suggests that they play critical roles in cancer. Overexpression or knockdown of AQGPs can promote or inhibit cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, and the expression levels of AQGPs are closely linked to the prognosis of cancer patients. Here, we provide a comprehensive and detailed review to discuss the expression patterns of AQGPs in different cancers as well as the relationship between the expression patterns and prognosis. Then, we elaborate the relevance between AQGPs and malignant behaviors in cancer as well as the latent upstream regulators and downstream targets or signaling pathways of AQGPs. Finally, we summarize the potential clinical value in cancer treatment. This review will provide us with new ideas and thoughts for subsequent cancer therapy specifically targeting AQGPs.
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Reiß J, Kälble S, Bründl J, Rosenhammer B, Gierth M, Weber F, Eckstein M, Wirtz RM, Denzinger S, Burger M, Otto W, Breyer J. Prognostic Role of mRNA-Expression of Aquaporins (AQP) 3, 4, 7 and 9 in Stage pT1 Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Bladder Cancer 2021; 7:71-78. [PMID: 38993218 PMCID: PMC11181798 DOI: 10.3233/blc-200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AQP proteins show a variety of functions in human cell metabolism. The role of different AQP subtypes in tumor metabolism and prognosis are subject of ongoing research. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mRNA expression of Aquaporin (AQP) 3, 4, 7 and 9 in pT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and its prognostic value in therapeutic decision making. METHODS Formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) from 112 patients with initial diagnosis of stage pT1 NMIBC were analyzed retrospectively together with clinical data and therapeutic approaches. mRNA expression of AQP3, 4, 7 and 9 was measured and quantified using RT-qPCR. RESULTS Of the 112 patients (83.9%male, median age 72 years), 40 had a recurrence (35.7%), 16 a progression (14.3%) and 14 patients (12.5%) died tumor-related. mRNA expression for AQP3 was detected in 99.1%, AQP4 in 46.4%, AQP7 in 86.6%and AQP9 in 97.3%. Spearman analysis revealed statistically significant correlations between AQP3, AQP7 and AQP9 mRNA expression with adverse clinical and histopathological parameters (WHO1973 grade 3, concomitant Cis or multifocality). High AQP9 mRNA expression was associated with worse PFS in the total cohort (p = 0.034) and in Grade 3 tumors (p = 0.003) in Kaplan-Meier analysis. In patients with bladder sparing approach, high AQP3 mRNA expression was significantly associated with worse CSS in patients receiving BCG therapy (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS mRNA expression of AQP3, 7 and 9 correlates with adverse clinical and pathological parameters. AQP3 and 9 may help to identify a subgroup of highest risk patients who may be considered for early cystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Reiß
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kälble
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Bründl
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Rosenhammer
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gierth
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weber
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Denzinger
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Otto
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
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Ticonosco M, Assumma S, Iseppi A, Benedetti M, Sarchi L, Ferrari R, Calcagnile T, Rocco B, Sighinolfi MC, Alriyalat S, Reggiani Bonetti L, Migaldi M, Micali S. Expression of aquaporins 3 in low grade risk of recurrence primary bladder cancer. Urologia 2021; 88:190-193. [PMID: 33612088 DOI: 10.1177/0391560321993588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most frequent malignancy of the urinary tract. Recent studies demonstrated the role of aquaporins urothelial tumor cells (AQPs) as potential prognostic factor for tumor progression and invasion. In this study we investigated the AQP3 expression levels inside primary superficial (pTa) low grade bladder cancer, correlating with pathological parameters and clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed tumor samples of 66 patients with diagnosis of superficial urothelial (pTa) bladder cancer between 1997 and 2007. All patients underwent transurethral bladder resection (TURB) and immediate single instillation of mitomycin C. All tumors samples were blindly reviewed by two expert anatomopathologists and only pTa low grade urothelial bladder cancer were included. Cancer recurrence was defined as the detection of bladder lesions during follow-up cystoscopy. AQP3-immunoreactive areas detected at immunohistochemical analysis were classified as AQP3 positive. RESULTS Of these 60.6% of patients was detected as negative for AQP3 expression. Forty-two patients develop cancer recurrence during follow-up with a mean progression free survival of 16.44 months. The absence of reaction for AQP3 was observed 56% (9/16) tumor grading G1 and 62% (31/50) tumor grading G2. No correlation was observed with sexual gender, grading of tumor differentiation, and recurrence of cancer disease. Kaplan-Meier curves of disease-free survival (DFS) showed a significant separation (p = 0.028) between patients AQP3-positive and AQP3-negative. It was observed a mean DFS of 23.83 and 14.43 months respectively in absence and presence of AQP3 expression. CONCLUSION AQP3 expression is related to disease-free interval (DFI) and the absence of AQP3 expression correlates with a late relapse. The expression of AQP3 does not provide a reproducible quantitative aspect. AQP3 are not suitable to forecast tumor cell behavior but they perform a role as regulator for tumor cell homeostasis and for additional therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ticonosco
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simone Assumma
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Iseppi
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mattia Benedetti
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Sarchi
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferrari
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Calcagnile
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Bernardo Rocco
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mario Migaldi
- Department of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Micali
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Chow PH, Bowen J, Yool AJ. Combined Systematic Review and Transcriptomic Analyses of Mammalian Aquaporin Classes 1 to 10 as Biomarkers and Prognostic Indicators in Diverse Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1911. [PMID: 32679804 PMCID: PMC7409285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) channels enable regulated transport of water and solutes essential for fluid homeostasis, but they are gaining attention as targets for anticancer therapies. Patterns of AQP expression and survival rates for patients were evaluated by systematic review (PubMed and Embase) and transcriptomic analyses of RNAseq data (Human Protein Atlas database). Meta-analyses confirmed predominantly negative associations between AQP protein and RNA expression levels and patient survival times, most notably for AQP1 in lung, breast and prostate cancers; AQP3 in esophageal, liver and breast cancers; and AQP9 in liver cancer. Patterns of AQP expression were clustered for groups of cancers and associated with risk of death. A quantitative transcriptomic analysis of AQP1-10 in human cancer biopsies similarly showed that increased transcript levels of AQPs 1, 3, 5 and 9 were most frequently associated with poor survival. Unexpectedly, increased AQP7 and AQP8 levels were associated with better survival times in glioma, ovarian and endometrial cancers, and increased AQP11 with better survival in colorectal and breast cancers. Although molecular mechanisms of aquaporins in pathology or protection remain to be fully defined, results here support the hypothesis that overexpression of selected classes of AQPs differentially augments cancer progression. Beyond fluid homeostasis, potential roles for AQPs in cancers (suggested from an expanding appreciation of their functions in normal tissues) include cell motility, membrane process extension, transport of signaling molecules, control of proliferation and apoptosis, increased mechanical compliance, and gas exchange. AQP expression also has been linked to differences in sensitivity to chemotherapy treatments, suggesting possible roles as biomarkers for personalized treatments. Development of AQP pharmacological modulators, administered in cancer-specific combinations, might inspire new interventions for controlling malignant carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; (P.H.C.); (J.B.)
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Niu D, Bai Y, Yao Q, Zhou L, Huang X, Zhao C. AQP2 as a diagnostic immunohistochemical marker for pheochromocytoma and/or paraganglioma. Gland Surg 2020; 9:200-208. [PMID: 32420243 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2020.01.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Aquaporin2 (AQP2) is water channel protein that is widely distributed among mammalian tissues and plays a major role in water homeostasis. However, little is known about the expression and significance of AQP2 in human adrenal tumors. Thus, we performed an immunohistochemical investigation of AQP2 in normal and neoplastic adrenal tissues. Methods AQP2 protein expression was investigated in 190 adrenal tumor patients using immunohistochemistry. Correlation between protein expression and clinicopathological features was statistically analyzed. Results We demonstrated immunopositivity for AQP2 in all adrenal medulla-originating tumors, including 96 pheochromocytomas (PCC), 7 metastatic pheochromocytomas (MPCC), and 10 neuroblastic tumors (NT) and 13 extra-adrenal paragangliomas (EAPGL). Whereas, APQ2 was absent from the 52 adrenal cortical adenomas and 2 adrenal cortical carcinomas examined. The 10 metastatic carcinomas examined in adrenal tissue were also negative for AQP2. In 82 (85%) of the 96 samples from patients with PCC, we studied the relationship between clinicopathologic factors and AQP2 expression and our findings suggested that the tumors that exhibited diffuse expression pattern of AQP2 were larger in diameter than those exhibiting focal (P=0.007) or mediate expression pattern (P=0.001). Conclusions AQP2 protein is significantly expressed in normal adrenal medullary tissues and medullary tumors (including PCC, MPCC and NT) as well as EAPGL. AQP2 expression may indicate the origin of normal adrenal tissues, and its expression in cancer tissue may reflect the maintenance of water metabolism via AQP2 during tumorigenesis. AQP2 may serve as a valuable marker for the differential diagnosis of adrenal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Niu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yanhua Bai
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Qian Yao
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lixin Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaozheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Aquaporins 1, 3 and 5 in Different Tumors, their Expression, Prognosis Value and Role as New Therapeutic Targets. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:615-625. [PMID: 30927206 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All different types of metabolism of tumors are dependent on the flow of water molecules through the biological membrane, where fluid transfer interceded by aquaporins (AQPs) are the basis means for water entrance into the cells or outside them. Aquaporins play other roles including cellular migration, cellular expansion and cellular adhesion facilitation. Therefore, regulators of AQPs may be useful anticancer agents. Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Sciences were searched. From among the papers found, 106 were related to the subject. All of the examined cancers in relation to AQP1 included adenoid cystic carcinoma, bladder, breast, cervical, colon, colorectal, hepatocellular, lung, ovarian, plural mesothelioma, prostate, renal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. All of the studied cancers in relation with AQP3 included gastric, breast, prostate, lung, pancreas, skin, bladder, squamous cell carcinoma, cervical, adenoid cystic carcinoma, colon, colorectal, ovarian, and hepatocellular cancers and with regard to AQP5 were lung, squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian, adenoid cystic carcinoma, breast, colon, colorectal, hepatic, pancreas, gallbladder, prostate, and gastric cancers. Over or under-expression of AQP1, 3 and is exist in the mentioned cancers across different studies. Over-expression of AQP1, AQP3 and AQP5 is clearly associated with carcinogenesis, metastasis, reduced survival rate, lymph node metastasis, poorer prognosis, and cellular migration. Also, cancer treatments in relation to these markers suggest AQP reduction during the treatment.
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Bründl J, Wallinger S, Breyer J, Weber F, Evert M, Georgopoulos NT, Rosenhammer B, Burger M, Otto W, Rubenwolf P. Expression, localisation and potential significance of aquaporins in benign and malignant human prostate tissue. BMC Urol 2018; 18:75. [PMID: 30176851 PMCID: PMC6122723 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the expression pattern, localisation and potential clinical significance of aquaporin water channels (AQP) both in prostate cancer (PC) cell lines and in benign and malignant human prostate tissue. METHODS The AQP transcript and protein expression of HPrEC, LNCaP, DU-145 and PC3 cell lines was investigated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy labelling. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to assess AQP protein expression in surgical specimens of benign prostatic hyperplasia as well as in PC. Tissue mRNA expression of AQPs was quantified by single-step reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Relative gene expression was determined using the 40-ΔCT method and correlated to clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS Transcripts of AQP 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10 and 11 were expressed in all four cell lines, while AQP 9 transcripts were not detected in malignant cell lines. IF microscopy confirmed AQP 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 protein expression. IHC revealed highly heterogeneous AQP 3 protein expression in PC specimens, with a marked decrease in expression in tumours of increasing malignancy. Loss of AQP 9 was shown in PC specimens. mRNA expression of AQP3 was found to be negatively correlated to PSA levels (ρ = - 0.354; p = 0.013), D'Amico risk stratification (ρ = - 0.336; p = 0.012), ISUP grade (ρ = - 0.321; p = 0.017) and Gleason score (ρ = - 0.342; p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to systematically characterize human prostate cell lines, benign prostatic hyperplasia and PC in relation to all 13 members of the AQP family. Our results indicate the differential expression of several AQPs in benign and malignant prostate tissue. A significant correlation was observed between AQP 3 expression and tumour grade, with progressive loss in more malignant tumours. Taken together, AQPs may play a role in the progression of PC and AQP expression patterns may serve as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bründl
- Department of Urology, Caritas St Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Sabine Wallinger
- Department of Urology, Caritas St Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, Caritas St Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weber
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Rosenhammer
- Department of Urology, Caritas St Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, Caritas St Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Otto
- Department of Urology, Caritas St Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Rubenwolf
- Department of Urology, Caritas St Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Urology, Frankfurt University Medical Center, Frankfurt, Germany
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11
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Chetry M, Li S, Liu H, Hu X, Zhu X. Prognostic values of aquaporins mRNA expression in human ovarian cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180108. [PMID: 29472315 PMCID: PMC5920140 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of transmembrane channel, are composed of 13 identified members (AQP0-12). Accumulating evidences reported that AQPs were correlated with various biological roles and represented a prognostic predictor in various cancer types. However, the prognostic value of AQPs expression in ovarian cancer remains unclear. Using 'Kaplan-Meier plotter' (KM plotter) online database, we explored the predictive prognostic value of individual AQPs members' mRNA expression to overall survival (OS) in different clinical data, such as histology, pathological grades, clinical stages, TP53 status, and applied chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients. Our results revealed that higher AQP0, AQP1, and AQP4 mRNA expression were correlated with poor OS, whereas higher AQP3, AQP5, AQP6, AQP8, AQP10, and AQP11 showed better OS in ovarian cancer patients. Moreover, AQP4 and AQP8 showed poor OS in TP53-mutated ovarian cancer patients and AQP1 presented unfavorable OS in both TP53 mutated and wild ovarian cancer patients. Additionally, AQP3, AQP6, and AQP11 mRNA expression were correlated with better OS, whereas AQP0 and AQP1 showed poor OS in all ovarian cancer patients treated with Platin, Taxol, and Taxol + Platin chemotherapy. AQP5, AQP8, and AQP10 were associated with improved OS, however, AQP4 predicted unfavorable OS in all patients treated with Platin chemotherapy. Our results suggest that individual AQPs, except AQP2 and AQP9, are associated with unique prognostic significance and may thus act as new predictive prognostic indicators and potential drug therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandika Chetry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Saisai Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Hailing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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12
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Jakobsen LK, Trelborg KF, Kingo PS, Hoyer S, Andersson KE, Djurhuus JC, Norregaard R, Olsen LH. Aquaporin expression in the fetal porcine urinary tract changes during gestation. Physiol Res 2018; 67:283-292. [PMID: 29303600 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of aquaporins (AQPs) in the fetal porcine urinary tract and its relation to gestational age has not been established. Tissue samples from the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra were obtained from porcine fetuses. Samples were examined by RT-PCR (AQPs 1-11), QPCR (AQPs positive on RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry. Bladder samples were additionally examined by Western blotting. RNA was extracted from 76 tissue samples obtained from 19 fetuses. Gestational age was 60 (n=11) or 100 days (n=8). PCR showed that AQP1, 3, 9 and 11 mRNA was expressed in all locations. The expression of AQP3 increased significantly at all four locations with gestational age, whereas AQP11 significantly decreased. AQP1 expression increased in the ureter, bladder and urethra. AQP9 mRNA expression increased in the urethra and bladder, but decreased in the ureter. AQP5 was expressed only in the urethra. Immunohistochemistry showed AQP1 staining in sub-urothelial vessels at all locations. Western blotting analysis confirmed increased AQP1 protein levels in bladder samples during gestation. Expression levels of AQP1, 3, 5, 9 and 11 in the urinary tract change during gestation, and further studies are needed to provide insights into normal and pathophysiological water handling mechanisms in the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Jakobsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Urology, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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13
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Breyer J, Otto W, Burger M, Hartmann A, Rubenwolf PC. Aquaporin 3 Expression Loss in Urothelial Carcinoma: Association with Tumor Invasion Depth, but not with Grading? Bladder Cancer 2017; 3:31-34. [PMID: 28149932 PMCID: PMC5271480 DOI: 10.3233/blc-160082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously provided molecular evidence of expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) in normal human urothelium and in UBC of various stages. Whereas former studies demonstrated that loss of AQP3 was associated with invasive and high-grade disease and worse progression-free and cancer-specific survival, this report investigates the expression of AQP3 in associated CIS. Contrary to what we had expected, all CIS specimens were shown to exhibit strong AQP3 expression, suggesting loss of AQP3 in UBC is primarily associated with the ability of tumor cells for invasion but not with grading as sign of dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, Medical Center St. Josef, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Otto
- Department of Urology, Medical Center St. Josef, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, Medical Center St. Josef, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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