Does YouTube include high-quality resources for training on laparoscopic and robotic radical prostatectomy?

Educational Quality of YouTubeTM Videos on Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent urogenital cancer among males. Radical prostatectomy remains the gold standard for localized prostate cancer treatment, with minimally invasive procedures (laparoscopic, robot-assisted laparoscopic) increasingly replacing open surgeries. YouTube™, a popular digital platform, hosts a substantial volume of prostate cancer-related videos, presenting a mix of accurate and misleading content. Given these challenges, researchers have proposed evaluation frameworks to assess the quality of YouTube™ videos. This study evaluates the educational adequacy and contextual relevance of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) videos on YouTube™ using established video evaluation criteria. Methods: A search using the keyword "Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy" yielded 200 YouTube™ videos. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 131 videos were analyzed by three laparoscopic prostatectomy specialists. An evaluation was performed using scoring systems, including LAP-VEGaS, DISCERN, JAMA, GQS, and video power index (VPI). Results: Of the 131 videos, 88 (67%) were from individual participants (Group 1), and 43 (33%) were from corporate channels (Group 2). Group 2 demonstrated significantly higher JAMA, GQS, and mDISCERN scores (P = .028, .005, and .001, respectively). The LAP-VEGaS score was also higher in Group 2 (7.09 ± 0.43) compared to Group 1 (5.08 ± 0.26; P < .001). VPI values were significantly greater in Group 2 (P = .008). Conclusion: This study highlights a critical gap in the educational quality of LRP videos on YouTube™. Using comprehensive scoring systems, corporate channels consistently provided higher-quality educational content compared to individual contributors.

Assessing the educational value of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy videos on YouTube®: A comparative analysis of short versus long videos

INTRODUCTION

To evaluate the quality of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy videos and determine the extent to which they are informative and educational for healthcare professionals.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We used the YouTube ® search engine to search for the term 'laparoscopic radical nephrectomy' with time filters of 4-20 min (Group 1) and >20 min (Group 2) and then sorted the results uploaded chronologically before January 2023. One hundred videos were analysed for each group. The reliability of the videos was assessed using the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) Benchmark Criteria and DISCERN questionnaire scores (DISCERN). Educational quality was assessed using the Global Quality Score (GQS) and a 20-item objective scoring system (OSS) for laparoscopic nephrectomy. The popularity of the videos was evaluated using the video power index (VPI).

RESULTS

The mean video duration was 8.9 ± 4.3 min in Group 1 and 52.02 ± 31.09 min in Group 2 ( P < 0.001). The mean JAMA (2.49 ± 0.61) and OSS scores (60 ± 12.3) were higher in Group 2 than in Group 1, while no significant difference was observed in the mean GQS (2.53 ± 0.7, 2.39 ± 0.88, respectively) between the groups ( P < 0.001, P = 0.039, P = 0.131, respectively).

CONCLUSION

While the standardisation of surgical videos published on YouTube ® and the establishment of auditing mechanisms do not seem plausible, high total OSS, periprocedural OSS, and VPI scores, and high OSS, JAMAS, GQS and DISCERN scores in long videos indicate that such videos offer a greater contribution to education.

A systematic review assessing the reliability of studies focusing on urological content on YouTube

INTRODUCTION

In recent years, several publications have focused on analyzing the quality of medical content on YouTube. The current systematic review aimed to summarize and analyze the available studies examining YouTube video content in the urological field.

EVIDENCE ACQUISITION

This is a systematic review including studies examining urological content uploaded on the YouTube platform published before November 2023. The following keywords were combined to capture relevant publications with a title/abstract search: ("Urology" OR "Andrology") AND ("YouTube" OR "Social media").

EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS

According to the inclusion criteria, 84 studies were included. Of all, 74 (88%) studies were published after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. A total of 52 (62%) studies used the DISCERN score, 29 (35%) the PEMAT A/V score, 30 (36%) the GQS, 23 (27%) the Misinformation score, 14 (17%) the Likert scale, and 13 (15%) the JAMA score. According to the conclusion, 62 (74%) studies reported poor quality results. Among all, only 10 (12%) studies respected our criteria of best quality methodology, defined as: 1) description of the research time frame; 2) use of incognito status; 3) the description of the inter-rater variability between reviewers; 4) use of at least one quality assessment tool.

CONCLUSIONS

The systematic review highlights significant variability in results and methodologies across studies on the quality analysis of urological content on YouTube. The official urological community should establish guidelines for authors, aiming to enhance the reliability and importance of such publications as valuable resources for daily clinical practice.

Impact of YouTube® videos on knowledge on tracheal intubation for anesthesiologist trainees: a prospective observational study

BACKGROUND

Social media platforms, initially developed for recreational use, have evolved into major sources for disseminating information, including medical information for patients and healthcare providers in many disciplines. This study aimed to evaluate the educational potential of YouTube® videos in teaching tracheal intubation to first-year anesthesiology residents.

METHODS

This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of "University Federico II-AORN A. Cardarelli" (protocol no. 00010735). We analyzed the first 10 YouTube videos identified via the search term "tracheal intubation." Each video was evaluated for misinformation and informational completeness via a 5-item Likert scale. After providing written consent, fifty-seven first-year anesthesiology residents watched these videos and completed a 22-item questionnaire before and after viewing. Each correct answer received one point, whereas incorrect answers received 0 points, allowing for comparisons of knowledge acquisition.

RESULTS

The videos exhibited moderate quality (median score, 3; range, 1-5) and low informational completeness (median score, 1.432; range, 1.000-2.046). Residents' scores increased modestly by one point after viewing (from 13 to 14; p < 0.001). Misinformation was positively correlated with the number of followers (beta coefficient: 0.00002, p < 0.001), video duration (beta coefficient: 0.0042, p < 0.05), and linking ratio (beta coefficient: 0.242, p < 0.05). Conversely, informational completeness was inversely correlated with video duration (beta coefficient: - 0.001121, p < 0.05) and the thumbs-up/view ratio (beta coefficient: - 67.4697, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

While YouTube® has potential as an accessible educational tool, current video selection offers limited improvement in residents' understanding of tracheal intubation. Our findings highlight the need for greater curation and better-quality control of medical educational content on YouTube® to optimize its effectiveness and provide accurate information. Institutions could play a key role in producing reliable, guideline-based videos that better support learning objectives in anesthesiology training.

Analysis of the Quality of Parotidectomy Videos on YouTube Using the IVORY-Grading-System

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and the educational content of YouTube videos showing parotidectomy.

METHODS

We searched for videos displaying parotidectomy on YouTube. To rate parotidectomy videos, we introduced the "Instructional Videos in Otorhinolaryngology by YO-IFOS (IVORY)-grading-system (GS)" derived from the IVORY Guidelines, which pose established consensus recommendations for the production of educational surgical videos in otolaryngology. The videos were rated using the IVORY-GS, and the total score was tested for statistical association with views, likes, likes/dislikes-ratio, age, and length of the videos for validation of the IVORY-GS.

RESULTS

Overall, 50 parotidectomy videos were identified. Sixty-eight (68%) of the videos showed a superficial parotidectomy. The mean IVORY-GS total score was 24.9 (out of a maximum of 44 points). Video education quality was rated as moderate in 22% and high in 4%. There was a statistically significant correlation between the total score and the number of views (p = 0.03), the total score and the number of likes (p < 0.01), and the total score and the likes/dislikes ratio (p < 0.01). A higher total score was a significant predictor of more likes (p = 0.01) and a higher likes/dislikes ratio (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

Our modification of the IVORY Guidelines is otolaryngology-specific, suitable, and recommended to evaluate parotidectomy videos. To date, most videos are of poor educational quality. Future efforts in otolaryngology surgical video education could focus on the establishment of an online video platform.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

NA Laryngoscope, 133:2631-2637, 2023.

A systematic review of video-based educational interventions in robotic surgical training

As robotic surgical procedures become more prevalent in practice, there is a demand for effective and efficient educational strategies in robotic surgery. Video has been used in open and laparoscopic surgery to instruct trainees in the acquisition of operative knowledge and surgical skill. Robotic surgery is an ideal application of video-based technology given the access of video recording directly from the console. This review will present the evidence base for video-based educational tools in robotic surgery to guide the development of future educational interventions using this technology. A systematic review of the literature was performed using the key words "video" "robotic surgery" and "education". From a total of 538 results, 15 full text articles were screened. Inclusion criteria were the presentation of an educational intervention using video and the application of this intervention to robotic surgery. The results of 10 publications are presented in this review. Analysis of the key concepts presented in these publications revealed three themes: video as technology, video as instruction, video as feedback. All studies showed a video-based learning had a positive effect on educational outcomes. There are limited published studies looking specifically at the use of video as an educational intervention in robotic surgical training. Existing studies primarily focus on the use of video as a review tool for skill development. There is scope to expand the use of robotic video as a teaching tool through adaptation of novel technology such as 3D headsets and concepts of cognitive simulation including guided mental imagery and verbalisation.

[Erectile dysfunction and YouTube: Quality of videos in Spanish]

INTRODUCTION

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most prevalent urological diseases, but there is limited data about the quality of its information in social networks. The aim of our study was to assess the quality of ED information contained in YouTube videos.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Descriptive study of the first 50 Spanish-language videos, published on YouTube, evaluated by three urologists. We used two validated questionnaires: PEMAT (Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool) and DISCERN. Videos were classified according to DISCERN score into poor or moderate-good quality.

RESULTS

The median time duration was 2.42minutes (0.15-3.58), 94,197 views (2,313-3,027,890), 682.5 «likes» (0-54,020) and 39 «dislikes» (0-2843). The median of PEMAT score was 29% (9%-95.5%) in understandability and 29% (0-95.5%) in actionability. According to DISCERN score 27 videos (57.4%) had poor quality and 20 (42.6%) moderate-good quality. There were no significant differences between the two groups in time duration, views, «likes» or «dislikes». There were differences in PEMAT score in understandability and actionability. The 86.7% of the moderate-good quality videos were starred by health care provider (P=.001). Also, the 85.7% of videos that describes treatment had moderate-good quality (P=.001). The 84% of the non-medical videos had a poor quality (P=.001).

CONCLUSION

Most ED videos on YouTube have poor quality. The highest quality videos are those made by professionals, although they are not the most viewed. It would be important to develop measures to prevent the spread of misinformation among social network users.

Testicular pain and youtube™: are uploaded videos a reliable source to get information?

Several previous studies on YouTube™ on urological field have already been published. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the quality information of YouTube^TM videos on testicular pain. Using Google Trends tool, the frequency of worldwide YouTube^TM and Google Search on testicular pain was examined from 2010 to 2020. The keywords "testicular pain", "testicular ache" and "scrotal pain" were used on the YouTube platform and the first 100 YouTube^TM videos were analyzed for each one. The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) for Audiovisual (A/V) Materials, the DISCERN score and Misinformation tool were used to assess video quality. According to YouTube™ Search the mean relative frequency search for "testicular pain" ranged from 10.5 to 30.0%. According to Google^TM Search it ranged from 73.7 to 91.0%, Of all 300 videos, 117 were eligible for the analysis. The median number of views, thumbs-up and thumbs-down was respectively: 47060 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6297.0-144188.0), 289 (IQR = 40-912) and 19 (IQR = 4-53). Of all videos, 68.4% and 31.6% were produced respectively by Medical Doctors and Other. The median PEMAT Actionability and Understandability scores were 66.7% and 66.7%, respectively. The median DISCERN score ranged from 1 to 5, with an overall median score of 3, defined from question 16. The median misinformation score ranged from 2 to 5. In conclusion, an increased interest on testicular pain was recorded on both YouTube^TM and Google search during the last decade. However, according to the quality assessment tools used, YouTube™ users cannot get trustful and exhaustive information on testicular pain. Therefore, authors with/without medical background should improve the quality of information on YouTube™ videos.

Evaluation of the educational quality and reliability of YouTube videos addressing eyelid ptosis surgery

PURPOSE

To evaluate the educational content, quality, and reliability of YouTube videos addressing anterior approach ptosis surgery.

METHODS

A search on YouTube using the term "ptosis surgery" was performed between March 20 and March 26 2021. The quality, reliability, and accuracy of the contents of 38 videos meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated by two independent ophthalmologists using the DISCERN questionnaire and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria. The Global Quality Score (GQS) and a surgical scoring system were used to assess the educational value of the content.

RESULTS

The mean DISCERN score was 32.8 ± 10, and the mean JAMA score was 1.3 ± 0.5, indicating poor quality; the mean global quality score was 3.1 ± 1.1, indicating moderate quality; and the mean surgical score was 7.5 ± 2.7, indicating moderate to good quality. The surgical, DISCERN, and GQS scores of the videos uploaded by physicians were significantly higher than those of the videos uploaded by private clinics (p = .015, p= .049, and p= .01, respectively). There was a significant positive correlation between the surgical, DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores (p< .001). A significant positive correlation was found between video duration and surgical score (p= .013), DISCERN score (p ˂0.001), and GQS score (p ˂0.001).

CONCLUSION

Videos with known sources, uploaded by physicians, and supported by audio narration may be useful in obtaining educational information. However, the available videos are not a reliable source of educational information about ptosis surgery.

Innovations in Urologic Surgical Training

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This review aims to summarize innovations in urologic surgical training in the past 5 years.

RECENT FINDINGS

Many assessment tools have been developed to objectively evaluate surgical skills and provide structured feedback to urologic trainees. A variety of simulation modalities (i.e., virtual/augmented reality, dry-lab, animal, and cadaver) have been utilized to facilitate the acquisition of surgical skills outside the high-stakes operating room environment. Three-dimensional printing has been used to create high-fidelity, immersive dry-lab models at a reasonable cost. Non-technical skills such as teamwork and decision-making have gained more attention. Structured surgical video review has been shown to improve surgical skills not only for trainees but also for qualified surgeons. Research and development in urologic surgical training has been active in the past 5 years. Despite these advances, there is still an unfulfilled need for a standardized surgical training program covering both technical and non-technical skills.

YouTube as a resource for surgical education with a focus on plastic surgery - a systematic review

Surgery trainees use videos as a means to learn about surgical procedures. YouTube is the biggest online video platform and used for educational content as well but the medical information provided does not undergo peer review or other forms of scientific screening and can thus be of poorer quality. We performed a systematic review that examined the quality of educational videos about surgery and plastic surgery in particular on YouTube. The focus was towards studies on the benefit of YouTube videos for surgical trainees. A literature review was performed to determine the educational quality of plastic surgery videos found on YouTube. Articles reviewing the educational quality of videos about surgical procedures, their accuracy, and their utility for surgical trainees were included. An additional review was performed evaluating the literature about the quality of educational plastic surgery videos. Eleven articles were selected reviewing the educational quality of videos about surgical procedures. Six studies were fully assessed and evaluated concerning the quality of educational plastic surgery videos. There currently seems to be a lack of comprehensive educational surgery and in particular plastic surgery-related information on YouTube. The popularity of YouTube among surgical trainees is high. The quality of available educational surgical video content varies widely. It is in the interest of plastic surgery teaching institutions to provide trainees with high-quality educational video material.

When residents work less, they feel better: Lessons learned from an unprecedent context of lockdown

Introduction

With the COVID-19 outbreak activities of urology departments have been limited to non-deferrable procedures impacting the daily program of residents in urology. We assessed the psychological impact of the lockdown on Belgian residents in urology and their resounding on the quality of the training.

Material and Methods

A self-administered anonymous questionnaire assessing the risk of burnout in a pandemic situation and its impact on the quality of the training was e-mailed to the members of the European Society of Residents in Urology of Belgium (ESRU-B). We used the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory score which assesses the different dimensions of burnout (personal (CBIP), professional (CBIPro), relational (CBIR)). Several questions evaluating impact on residents’ health and apprehension of the future were included. The survey lasted for 5 days. Comparison of parameters before and during the coronavirus crisis was made using paired samples t-test or Chi² test were.

Results

Fifty percent (62/126) of the ESRU-B members replied to the questionnaire. If 93% of the responders reported a negative impact on the quality of their practical training (CI95 = [0.07–1.10]; P = 0.83), 56% and 61.7% reported a positive impact of the crisis on their life and on their theoretical training respectively. Burnout risk scores were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) for each dimension 7.26 to 3.40 (CBIP), 9.02 to 4.35 (CBIPro) and 4.42 to 3.03 (CBIR) respectively.

Conclusion

Despite a negative impact on the daily work quality, the decrease in activity induced by the lockdown did not have a negative psychological impact on Belgian residents in urology but stress the opportunity to review the current training system to be better balanced between practice and theoretical formation.

IVORY Guidelines (Instructional Videos in Otorhinolaryngology by YO-IFOS): A Consensus on Surgical Videos in Ear, Nose, and Throat

Objectives/Hypothesis

Otolaryngology instructional videos available online are often of poor quality. The objective of this article was to establish international consensus recommendations for the production of educational surgical videos in otolaryngology.

Study Design

DELPHI survey.

Methods

Twenty‐seven international respondents participated in this study from 12 countries. Consensus was reached after three rounds of questionnaires following the Delphi methodology. The proposals having reached the 80% agreement threshold in the third round were retained.

Results

The main recommendations are as follows: 1) Ethics: patients must be anonymized and unrecognizable (apart from plastic surgery if necessary). A signed authorization must be obtained if the person is recognizable. 2) Technical aspects: videos should be edited and in high‐definition (HD) quality if possible. Narration or subtitles and didactic illustrations are recommended. 3) Case presentation: name of pathology and procedure must be specified; the case should be presented with relevant workup. 4) Surgery: surgical procedures should be divided into several distinct stages and include tips and pitfalls. Pathology should be shown if relevant. Key points should be detailed at the end of the procedure. 5) Organ‐specific: type of approach and bilateral audiometry should be specified in otology. Coronal plane computed tomography scans should be shown in endonasal surgery. It is recommended to show pre‐ and postoperative videos in voice surgery and preoperative drawings and photos of scars in plastic surgery, as well as the ventilation method in airway surgery.

Conclusions

International recommendations have been determined to assist in the creation and standardization of educational surgical videos in otolaryngology and head and neck surgery.

Level of Evidence

5 Laryngoscope, 131:E732–E737, 2021

COVID19 pandemic impacts on anxiety of French urologist in training: Outcomes from a national survey

INTRODUCTION

The COVID-19 outbreak in France is disturbing our health system. Urologists in training who are already known to have burnout, are in the front line to face this disease. The aim of our study was to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on young French urologists in training.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A self-administered anonymous questionnaire evaluating the pandemic added stress, and its negative impact on work and training quality, was e-mailed to the members of the French Association of Urologists in Training (AFUF). The association includes all French junior and senior residents. The survey lasted 3 days. Multivariable analyses using logistic regression was performed to identify the predictive factors.

RESULTS

Two hundred and seventy-five (55.5%) of the 495 AFUF members responded to the questionnaire. More than 90% of responders felt more stressed by the pandemic. Fellows and senior residents were more likely to feel that the crisis had an important impact on their work quality (OR=1.76, IC95=[1.01-3.13]), even more when COVID 19 patients were present in their department (OR=2.31, IC95=[1.20-4.65]). Past medical history of respiratory disease (OR=2.57, IC95=[1.31-5.98]) and taking in charge COVID19 patients (OR=1.85, IC95=[0.98-3.59]) were additional risk factors.

CONCLUSION

COVID19 pandemic has a negative impact on young French urologists in training and on their work and training quality. Managing their psychosocial well-being during this time is as important as managing their physical health.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

3.