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Yong C. Educating the Educator: Understanding Essential Components of Contemporary Urology Residency Training. Curr Urol Rep 2025; 26:33. [PMID: 40138062 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-025-01262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of evidence-based methods for urology programs and urologists to improve resident education as well as identify potential future research into this topic. RECENT FINDINGS Urology residency training has evolved significantly over time. However, there is concern that graduating urology residents are not adequately prepared for independent practice. There are several reasons for this concern, including decreased surgical autonomy in training and a finite amount of time and number of cases that a resident can experience during training. There are many components of urology residency training, including didactic, simulation, intraoperative, and non-technical skills education. While many of these have been studied, there is room for better understanding into how to optimize learning opportunities in each of these domains. Currently, urologic education is heterogeneous and remains more of an art than a science. RESULTS As we have long embraced evidence-based medicine, we should also push for evidence-based education in urology through continued study into how to best educate future urologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Yong
- Department of Urology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Chahal B, Aydin A, Ahmed K. Virtual reality vs. physical models in surgical skills training. An update of the evidence. Curr Opin Urol 2024; 34:32-36. [PMID: 37962178 PMCID: PMC10715699 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Simulation is a key component of surgical training, enabling trainees to develop their skills in a safe environment. With simulators broadly grouped into physical models and virtual-reality (VR) simulators, it is important to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of the simulator types in terms of validity as well as cost. The review aims to compare the benefits and drawbacks of novel VR and physical simulators within the broader themes of endourology, laparoscopic and robotic operations, and other urological procedures. RECENT FINDINGS Key benefits of bench models include their comparatively lower cost, easy access and provision of haptic feedback, whereas VR simulators are generally self-sufficient, reusable and enable skills of haemostasis to be practised. The advent of perfused 3D printed simulators across a range of urological procedures may replace cadavers as the traditional gold-standard simulation modality. SUMMARY Although possessing differing strengths and downsides, VR and physical simulators when used together can have an additive effect due to skill transferability across the platforms. Further comparative studies are required to directly quantify the differences between physical models and VR simulators in terms of performance metrics and cost-effectiveness. There is lack of validated VR simulators for open and reconstructive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldev Chahal
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, King's College London
| | - Abdullatif Aydin
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, King's College London
- Department of Urology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kamran Ahmed
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, King's College London
- Khalifa University
- Department of Urology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Huang J, Du BR, Qiao WG, Huang SL, Xue LF, Deng L, Liang JM, Wang J, Li JY, Chen Y. Endoscopic submucosal dissection training: evaluation of an ex vivo training model with continuous perfusion (ETM-CP) for hands-on teaching and training in China. Surg Endosc 2023:10.1007/s00464-023-09940-9. [PMID: 36914780 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-09940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing ex vivo models of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) cannot simulate intraoperative hemorrhage well. We aimed to establish an ESD training method by applying an ex vivo training model with continuous perfusion (ETM-CP). METHODS Four training sessions were conducted for 25 novices under the guidance of 2 experts. Eventually, 10 novices completed ESD operations on a total of 89 patients after the training. The resection effectiveness, resection speed, complication rate, and novice performance before and after the training were compared. The data regarding the effects of the training and the model were gathered through a questionnaire survey. RESULTS In terms of the simulation effect of the model, ETM-CP was evaluated as similar to the live pig in all aspects (P > 0.05). The questionnaire analysis revealed that the ESD theoretical knowledge, skill operation, and self-confidence of novices were improved after the training (P < 0.05). The resection time per unit area had a correlation with the number of training periods (rs = - 0.232). For novice performance, the resection time per unit area was shortened (P < 0.05). There was no difference in patient performance between the novice group and the expert group after the training in terms of en bloc resection, R0 resection, complication rate, endoscopic resection bleeding (ERB) score, muscularis propria injury (MPI) score, and resection time per unit area (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The ETM-CP is effective for ESD training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 28, Liguan Road, Lishui Town, Nanhai District, Foshan, 528244, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing-Ran Du
- Department of Stomatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Guang Qiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Lin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Lan-Feng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 28, Liguan Road, Lishui Town, Nanhai District, Foshan, 528244, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, LunJiao Hospital, Shunde District, Foshan, 528244, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Ming Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xingtan Hospital Affiliated to Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528325, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Yi Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 28, Liguan Road, Lishui Town, Nanhai District, Foshan, 528244, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang J, Zilundu PLM, Zhang W, Yu G, Li S, Zhou L, Guo G. The use of a surgical boot camp combining anatomical education and surgical simulation for internship preparedness among senior medical students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:459. [PMID: 35705984 PMCID: PMC9202198 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senior medical students feel unprepared for surgical procedures and care for surgery patients when they begin their internship. This study sought to introduce and evaluate a surgical boot camp training for senior medical students. METHODS A 44-h surgical boot camp program of lectures on clinical practice simulation, anatomical dissections, and simulated operation on cadavers was designed, implemented, and evaluated during the 2018 to 2019 academic year. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess students' perceptions of the content, delivery, and self-confidence. The mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (mini-CEX) and the Operative Performance Rating System were used to assess skills essential to good clinical care and to facilitate feedback. RESULTS Over 93% of the students were satisfied with the surgical boot camp, training equipment, and learning materials provided. After six sessions of training, 85.3% reported gaining self-confidence and performed better in some surgical procedures such as major gastrectomy. The mini-CEX scores suggested significant improvement in the students' clinical skills, attitudes, and behaviors (P < 0.01). Ninety-eight percent of students felt that the anatomical knowledge taught met their needs. The scores of the Operative Performance Rating System suggested that the students' surgical skills such as instruments handling, incising, treatment of surrounding tissues (blood vessels, nerves), and smoothness of the whole operation had increased significantly following the surgical boot camp (All P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The surgical boot camp curriculum improved students' satisfaction and confidence in core clinical practice competencies. Therefore, medical schools the world over should continue to seek ways to bridge the gaps between pre-clinical, clinical, and internship training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Prince Last Mudenda Zilundu
- Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyin Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sumei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Nabi G. Surgical skills and COVID-19 pandemic: Impact and way forward. Scott Med J 2022; 67:49-50. [PMID: 35500039 PMCID: PMC9066273 DOI: 10.1177/00369330221095709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Nabi
- Ghulam Nabi, Head of Research Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, UK, DD1 9SY.
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Leung DKW, Yuen SKK, Lo KL, Ng CF, Teoh JYC. eLearning and transurethral prostate surgery: virtual tools for a real training. Curr Opin Urol 2021; 31:456-460. [PMID: 34175876 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the recent two decades, technological breakthrough has tremendously expanded the scope of transurethral prostate surgery. New gadgets and energy devices keep emerging to tackle benign prostatic obstruction, which was dealt with mainly by transurethral resection of prostate in the old days. Although this trend appears fascinating, it also means that urologists need quality training to attain surgical safety in performing these new surgeries. E-learning and simulation training may play an important role in modern urology training. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we would describe, using up-to-date evidence, the key components of simulation training, the types of simulators currently in use and their respective advantages and limitations. SUMMARY Modern simulation technology enables surgical training in a realistic, reproducible and risk-free environment. Simulation training has been proven to improve both performers' confidence and objective scores in various transurethral prostate surgeries. Its use should therefore be advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ka-Wai Leung
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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