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Muralidharan S, Ichhpujani P, Bhartiya S, Singh RB. Eye-tunes: role of music in ophthalmology and vision sciences. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2021; 13:25158414211040890. [PMID: 34497975 PMCID: PMC8419534 DOI: 10.1177/25158414211040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the healing effect of music has been recognized since time immemorial, there has been a renewed interest in its use in modern medicine. This can be attributed to the increasing focus on holistic healing and on the subjective and objective aspects of well-being. In ophthalmology, this has ranged from using music for patients undergoing diagnostic procedures and surgery, as well as for doctors and the operation theatre staff during surgical procedures. Music has proven to be a potent nonpharmacological sedative and anxiolytic, allaying both the pain and stress of surgery. This review aims to explore the available evidence about the role of music as an adjunct for diagnostic and surgical procedures in current ophthalmic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Muralidharan
- Glaucoma Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parul Ichhpujani
- Professor, Glaucoma Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Sector 32-A, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Shibal Bhartiya
- Glaucoma Facility, Department of Ophthalmology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, India
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zappella M, Biamonte F, Balzamino BO, Manieri R, Cortes M, Santucci D, Di Stasio E, Rizzuto M, Micera A. Relaxation Response in Stressed Volunteers: Psychometric Tests and Neurotrophin Changes in Biological Fluids. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:655453. [PMID: 34220571 PMCID: PMC8247444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.655453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the beneficial effects of relaxation response (RR) training in adult stressed subjects by evaluating the psychometric response recorded at relaxation session. Cortisol as well as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediators were quantified in both saliva and tears, and their levels were related to each other and to the psychometric response. Methods: Stressed subjects (n = 23; 10M/13F; age range 21-53 years old) were voluntarily enrolled in the study. RR training sessions were carried out for 2 months, 1 day per week, at the same time (3-5 p.m.). Two different psychological questionnaires, the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and the Beck Depression Inventory - Short Form (BDI-SF) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) tests, were administered before each session. Saliva and tears were sampled for cortisol (EIA), NGF (ELISA), and BDNF (ELISA) quantifications. Questionnaires' data were analyzed and compared to biochemical ones. Results: All subjects reported beneficial effects from training. RR significantly reduced the psychological stress indexes (p = 0.039 for PSS-10 and p = 0.001 for BDI-SF). Specifically, RR training lowered the perception of Perceived Helplessness (items 1, 3, 10; p < 0.05) in PSS-10 and increased the Perceived Self-Efficacy (p < 0.05). OSDI score was in the normal range (0-25). Biochemically, a decrease in cortisol, a trend to a decrease in NGF, and an increase in BDNF levels were observed in saliva samples after RR treatment. Furthermore, a trend to a decrease in NGF and an increase in BDNF were quantified in tear samples. A correlation between PSS-10 total score and saliva NGF variation (%) as well as between BDI-SF total score and BDNF tear levels were also observed. Conclusion: RR training appeared useful to lowering psychological, mental, and physical stress, as supported by both psychological total and single scores. The finding on biochemical levels of BDNF in saliva and tears are sustained by previous studies while those of NGF require further investigation. Overall, these data on a small population highlight the potential use of RR training and potential neurotrophic changes in biological fluids, in stressed volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Zappella
- Department of Psychology, Salesian University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Biamonte
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Bijorn Omar Balzamino
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences; IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Manieri
- Department of Laboratory and Infectivological Sciences, UOC Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Magdalena Cortes
- Hebrew Hospital Rome Ophthalmology Department, Rome, Italy.,Prevention and Health Care Department, Campus Bio Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Santucci
- Cellular Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Stasio
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Department of Laboratory and Infectivological Sciences, UOC Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Rizzuto
- Department of Psychology, Salesian University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences; IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
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