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Ge J, Zhou Y, Huang M, Gao Q, Dong Y, Dong S. Effects of constant and diel cyclic temperatures on the liver and intestinal phospholipid fatty acid composition in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during seawater acclimation. BMC ZOOL 2021; 6:21. [PMID: 37170384 PMCID: PMC10127026 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-021-00086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Rainbow trout is an economically important fish in aquaculture and is a model species in environmental physiology. Despite earlier research on the seawater adaptability of rainbow trout at different temperature regimes, the influence on the liver and intestine in this species is still unknown. Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of constant and diel cyclic temperatures on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition in the liver and intestine of rainbow trout during seawater acclimation.
Results
At the end of growth trial 1, fish at 9 and 12.5 °C showed significantly higher ratios of unsaturated to saturated (U/S) and unsaturation index (UI) than those at 16 °C in liver and intestine phospholipids. After day 1 of seawater acclimation, the U/S, UI, and average chain length (ACL) of liver and intestinal phospholipids in fish at 16 °C significantly increased. Two weeks after seawater acclimation, the liver and intestinal PLFA composition adapted to salinity changes. In trial 2, significantly higher U/S, UI, and ACL were found in intestinal phospholipids at 13 ± 2 °C. On the first day after seawater acclimation, UI and ACL in liver phospholipids significantly increased at 13 °C, while fish at 13 ± 2 °C showed significantly decreased U/S, UI, and ACL in the intestine. At the end of growth trial 2, liver PLFA compositions were stable, whereas intestinal PLFA at 13 and 13 ± 1 °C showed significantly decreased U/S, UI, and ACL. A two-way analysis of variance and principal component analysis revealed significant effects of different constant temperatures, seawater acclimation, and their interaction on the liver and intestinal phospholipids, a significant effect of diel cyclic temperature on intestinal phospholipids, and the effects of seawater acclimation and its interaction with diel cyclic temperature on liver phospholipids.
Conclusion
Temperatures of 9 and 12.5 °C could elevate membrane fluidity and thickness in the liver and intestine of rainbow trout in freshwater, whereas no significant effects were found with diel temperature variations. After seawater acclimation, constant and diel cyclic temperatures significantly influenced the membrane fluidity and thickness of the liver and intestine. Compared with constant temperature, diel temperature variation (13 ± 2 °C) can enhance the adaptability of rainbow trout during seawater acclimation.
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Ge J, Huang M, Zhou Y, Liu C, Han C, Gao Q, Dong Y, Dong S. Effects of different temperatures on seawater acclimation in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: osmoregulation and branchial phospholipid fatty acid composition. J Comp Physiol B 2021; 191:669-679. [PMID: 33818627 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different temperatures on seawater acclimation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), in terms of growth performance, osmoregulatory capacity, and branchial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. The fish (initial weight, 94.73 g) were reared at 9, 12.5, and 16 °C for 28 days, then acclimated to seawater, and subsequently reared for 14 days. Sampling points were on the last day in freshwater, and the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 14th days after the salinity reached 30. The results showed the final weight, percent weight gain, and specific growth rate of rainbow trout at 12.5 °C were significantly higher than those at 9 °C, while the thermal growth coefficient at 16 °C was significantly lower than that in other treatments. The branchial PLFA composition in rainbow trout changed more rapidly at 9 and 12.5 °C than at 16 °C. The branchial PLFA composition was significantly affected by temperature and salinity and their interaction. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of phospholipids in the gill at 9 and 12.5 °C was significantly higher than those at 16 °C. Low temperature (9 °C) and seawater acclimation significantly increased the degree of unsaturation of membrane, enhancing membrane fluidity, which is related to Na+-K+ ATPase activity. Responses of plasma ion, Na+-K+ ATPase activity, and plasma glucose followed a similar pattern at different temperatures. Overall, the study suggests that 12.5 °C is the ideal temperature for seawater acclimation in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ge
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Yangen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China. .,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, Shandong, China.
| | - Chengyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui Han
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Qinfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, Shandong, China
| | - Yunwei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, Shandong, China
| | - Shuanglin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, Shandong, China
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