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Reyad-Ul-Ferdous M, Gul I, Raheem MA, Pandey V, Qin P. Mitochondrial UCP1: Potential thermogenic mechanistic switch for the treatment of obesity and neurodegenerative diseases using natural and epigenetic drug candidates. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155672. [PMID: 38810549 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown fat is known to provide non-shivering thermogenesis through mitochondrial uncoupling mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Non-shivering is not dependent on UCP2, UCP4, and BMCP1/UCP5 genes, which are distinct from UCP1 in a way that they are not constitutive uncouplers. Although they are susceptible to free fatty acid and free radical activation, their functioning has a significant impact on the performance of neurons. METHODOLOGY Using subject-specific keywords (Adipose tissue; Adipocytes; Mitochondria; Obesity; Thermogenesis; UCP's in Neurodegeneration; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease), research articles and reviews were retrieved from Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed. This article includespublications published between 2018 and 2023. The drugs that upregulate UCP1 are included in the study while the drugs that do not impact UCP1 are were not included. RESULTS Neuronal UCPs have a direct impact on synaptic plasticity, neurodegenerative processes, and neurotransmission, by modulating calcium flux, mitochondrial biogenesis, local temperature, and free radical generation. Numerous significant advances in the study of neuronal UCPs and neuroprotection are still to be made. Identification of the tissue-dependent effects of UCPs is essential first. Pharmacologically targeting neuronal UCPs is a key strategy for preventing both neurodegenerative diseases and physiological aging. Given that UCP2 has activities that are tissue-specific, it will be essential to develop treatments without harmful side effects. The triggering of UCPs by CoQ, an essential cofactor, produces nigral mitochondrial uncoupling, reduces MPTP-induced toxicity, and may even decrease the course of Parkinson's disease, according to early indications. CONCLUSION Herein, we explore the potential of UCP1 as a therapeutic target for treating obesity, neurodegenerative diseases as well as a potential activator of both synthetic and natural drugs. A deeper knowledge of synaptic signaling and neurodegeneration may pave the way to new discoveries regarding the functioning and controlling of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reyad-Ul-Ferdous
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ijaz Gul
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Muhammad Akmal Raheem
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Lyons SA, McClelland GB. Highland deer mice support increased thermogenesis in response to chronic cold hypoxia by shifting uptake of circulating fatty acids from muscles to brown adipose tissue. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247340. [PMID: 38506250 PMCID: PMC11057874 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
During maximal cold challenge (cold-induced V̇O2,max) in hypoxia, highland deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) show higher rates of circulatory fatty acid delivery compared with lowland deer mice. Fatty acid delivery also increases with acclimation to cold hypoxia (CH) and probably plays a major role in supporting the high rates of thermogenesis observed in highland deer mice. However, it is unknown which tissues take up these fatty acids and their relative contribution to thermogenesis. The goal of this study was to determine the uptake of circulating fatty acids into 24 different tissues during hypoxic cold-induced V̇O2,max, by using [1-14C]2-bromopalmitic acid. To uncover evolved and environment-induced changes in fatty acid uptake, we compared lab-born and -raised highland and lowland deer mice, acclimated to either thermoneutral (30°C, 21 kPa O2) or CH (5°C, 12 kPa O2) conditions. During hypoxic cold-induced V̇O2,max, CH-acclimated highlanders decreased muscle fatty acid uptake and increased uptake into brown adipose tissue (BAT) relative to thermoneutral highlanders, a response that was absent in lowlanders. CH acclimation was also associated with increased activities of enzymes citrate synthase and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase in the BAT of highlanders, and higher levels of fatty acid translocase CD36 (FAT/CD36) in both populations. This is the first study to show that cold-induced fatty acid uptake is distributed across a wide range of tissues. Highland deer mice show plasticity in this fatty acid distribution in response to chronic cold hypoxia, and combined with higher rates of tissue delivery, this contributes to their survival in the cold high alpine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulayman A. Lyons
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
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Rahbani JF, Bunk J, Lagarde D, Samborska B, Roesler A, Xiao H, Shaw A, Kaiser Z, Braun JL, Geromella MS, Fajardo VA, Koza RA, Kazak L. Parallel control of cold-triggered adipocyte thermogenesis by UCP1 and CKB. Cell Metab 2024; 36:526-540.e7. [PMID: 38272036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
That uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is the sole mediator of adipocyte thermogenesis is a conventional viewpoint that has primarily been inferred from the attenuation of the thermogenic output of mice genetically lacking Ucp1 from birth (germline Ucp1-/-). However, germline Ucp1-/- mice harbor secondary changes within brown adipose tissue. To mitigate these potentially confounding ancillary changes, we constructed mice with inducible adipocyte-selective Ucp1 disruption. We find that, although germline Ucp1-/- mice succumb to cold-induced hypothermia with complete penetrance, most mice with the inducible deletion of Ucp1 maintain homeothermy in the cold. However, inducible adipocyte-selective co-deletion of Ucp1 and creatine kinase b (Ckb, an effector of UCP1-independent thermogenesis) exacerbates cold intolerance. Following UCP1 deletion or UCP1/CKB co-deletion from mature adipocytes, moderate cold exposure triggers the regeneration of mature brown adipocytes that coordinately restore UCP1 and CKB expression. Our findings suggest that thermogenic adipocytes utilize non-paralogous protein redundancy-through UCP1 and CKB-to promote cold-induced energy dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janane F Rahbani
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Jakub Bunk
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Damien Lagarde
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Bozena Samborska
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Anna Roesler
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abhirup Shaw
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Zafir Kaiser
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jessica L Braun
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Mia S Geromella
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Robert A Koza
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Bienboire-Frosini C, Wang D, Marcet-Rius M, Villanueva-García D, Gazzano A, Domínguez-Oliva A, Olmos-Hernández A, Hernández-Ávalos I, Lezama-García K, Verduzco-Mendoza A, Gómez-Prado J, Mota-Rojas D. The Role of Brown Adipose Tissue and Energy Metabolism in Mammalian Thermoregulation during the Perinatal Period. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2173. [PMID: 37443971 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is one of the most common causes of mortality in neonates, and it could be developed after birth because the uterus temperature is more elevated than the extrauterine temperature. Neonates use diverse mechanisms to thermoregulate, such as shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. These strategies can be more efficient in some species, but not in others, i.e., altricials, which have the greatest difficulty with achieving thermoneutrality. In addition, there are anatomical and neurological differences in mammals, which may present different distributions and amounts of brown fat. This article aims to discuss the neuromodulation mechanisms of thermoregulation and the importance of brown fat in the thermogenesis of newborn mammals, emphasizing the analysis of the biochemical, physiological, and genetic factors that determine the distribution, amount, and efficiency of this energy resource in newborns of different species. It has been concluded that is vital to understand and minimize hypothermia causes in newborns, which is one of the main causes of mortality in neonates. This would be beneficial for both animals and producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bienboire-Frosini
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemical Communication, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Míriam Marcet-Rius
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Department, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Division of Neonatology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Angelo Gazzano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernández
- Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
- Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Karina Lezama-García
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza
- Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Jocelyn Gómez-Prado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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Pani P, Bal NC. Avian adjustments to cold and non-shivering thermogenesis: whats, wheres and hows. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:2106-2126. [PMID: 35899483 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Avian cold adaptation is hallmarked by innovative strategies of both heat conservation and thermogenesis. While minimizing heat loss can reduce the thermogenic demands of body temperature maintenance, it cannot eliminate the requirement for thermogenesis. Shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) are the two synergistic mechanisms contributing to endothermy. Birds are of particular interest in studies of NST as they lack brown adipose tissue (BAT), the major organ of NST in mammals. Critical analysis of the existing literature on avian strategies of cold adaptation suggests that skeletal muscle is the principal site of NST. Despite recent progress, isolating the mechanisms involved in avian muscle NST has been difficult as shivering and NST co-exist with its primary locomotory function. Herein, we re-evaluate various proposed molecular bases of avian skeletal muscle NST. Experimental evidence suggests that sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) and ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) are key in avian muscle NST, through their mediation of futile Ca2+ cycling and thermogenesis. More recent studies have shown that SERCA regulation by sarcolipin (SLN) facilitates muscle NST in mammals; however, its role in birds is unclear. Ca2+ signalling in the muscle seems to be common to contraction, shivering and NST, but elucidating its roles will require more precise measurement of local Ca2+ levels inside avian myofibres. The endocrine control of avian muscle NST is still poorly defined. A better understanding of the mechanistic details of avian muscle NST will provide insights into the roles of these processes in regulatory thermogenesis, which could further inform our understanding of the evolution of endothermy among vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punyadhara Pani
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Naresh C Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
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Mejías C, Navedo J, Sabat P, Franco LM, Bozinovic F, Nespolo RF. Body Composition and Energy Savings by Hibernation: Lessons from the South American Marsupial Dromiciops gliroides. Physiol Biochem Zool 2022; 95:239-250. [DOI: 10.1086/719932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Grigg G, Nowack J, Bicudo JEPW, Bal NC, Woodward HN, Seymour RS. Whole-body endothermy: ancient, homologous and widespread among the ancestors of mammals, birds and crocodylians. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:766-801. [PMID: 34894040 PMCID: PMC9300183 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The whole‐body (tachymetabolic) endothermy seen in modern birds and mammals is long held to have evolved independently in each group, a reasonable assumption when it was believed that its earliest appearances in birds and mammals arose many millions of years apart. That assumption is consistent with current acceptance that the non‐shivering thermogenesis (NST) component of regulatory body heat originates differently in each group: from skeletal muscle in birds and from brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mammals. However, BAT is absent in monotremes, marsupials, and many eutherians, all whole‐body endotherms. Indeed, recent research implies that BAT‐driven NST originated more recently and that the biochemical processes driving muscle NST in birds, many modern mammals and the ancestors of both may be similar, deriving from controlled ‘slippage’ of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) in skeletal muscle, similar to a process seen in some fishes. This similarity prompted our realisation that the capacity for whole‐body endothermy could even have pre‐dated the divergence of Amniota into Synapsida and Sauropsida, leading us to hypothesise the homology of whole‐body endothermy in birds and mammals, in contrast to the current assumption of their independent (convergent) evolution. To explore the extent of similarity between muscle NST in mammals and birds we undertook a detailed review of these processes and their control in each group. We found considerable but not complete similarity between them: in extant mammals the ‘slippage’ is controlled by the protein sarcolipin (SLN), in birds the SLN is slightly different structurally and its role in NST is not yet proved. However, considering the multi‐millions of years since the separation of synapsids and diapsids, we consider that the similarity between NST production in birds and mammals is consistent with their whole‐body endothermy being homologous. If so, we should expect to find evidence for it much earlier and more widespread among extinct amniotes than is currently recognised. Accordingly, we conducted an extensive survey of the palaeontological literature using established proxies. Fossil bone histology reveals evidence of sustained rapid growth rates indicating tachymetabolism. Large body size and erect stature indicate high systemic arterial blood pressures and four‐chambered hearts, characteristic of tachymetabolism. Large nutrient foramina in long bones are indicative of high bone perfusion for rapid somatic growth and for repair of microfractures caused by intense locomotion. Obligate bipedality appeared early and only in whole‐body endotherms. Isotopic profiles of fossil material indicate endothermic levels of body temperature. These proxies led us to compelling evidence for the widespread occurrence of whole‐body endothermy among numerous extinct synapsids and sauropsids, and very early in each clade's family tree. These results are consistent with and support our hypothesis that tachymetabolic endothermy is plesiomorphic in Amniota. A hypothetical structure for the heart of the earliest endothermic amniotes is proposed. We conclude that there is strong evidence for whole‐body endothermy being ancient and widespread among amniotes and that the similarity of biochemical processes driving muscle NST in extant birds and mammals strengthens the case for its plesiomorphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Grigg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Julia Nowack
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, U.K
| | | | | | - Holly N Woodward
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, 74107, U.S.A
| | - Roger S Seymour
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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Polymeropoulos ET, Milsom WK. Editorial: Untangling the oxygen transport cascade: a tribute to Peter Frappell (Frapps). J Comp Physiol B 2021; 191:973-978. [PMID: 34463812 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This collection of research articles was put together in honour of respiratory physiologist Professor Peter Frappell's (Frapps's) academic achievements. It encompasses various topics relating to the oxygen transport cascade, which was central to Frapps' career as a comparative physiologist. This issue highlights the diversity and outreach of his influence on the field and his pioneering spirit; promoting novel perspectives, methodologies and research techniques. This issue also demonstrates how Frapps' knowledge and scientific findings answered some of the fundamental questions within the field of respiratory physiology while creating and fostering a rather unique work atmosphere in the laboratories he led. We thank Frapps for the contributions he has made and the friendships he has nurtured over his career. Cheers, Frapps - we love you mate!
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias T Polymeropoulos
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - William K Milsom
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Gaudry MJ, Jastroch M. Comparative functional analyses of UCP1 to unravel evolution, ecophysiology and mechanisms of mammalian thermogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 255:110613. [PMID: 33971349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), present in many placental mammals, provides adaptive nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) for body temperature regulation and has facilitated survival in diverse thermal niches on our planet. Intriguingly, several key details on the molecular mechanisms of NST and their potential ecophysiological adaptations are still unknown. Comparative studies at the whole animal level are unpragmatic, due to the diversity and complexity of thermoregulation among different species. We propose that the molecular evolution of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a central component for BAT thermogenesis, represents a powerful opportunity to unravel key questions of mammalian thermoregulation. Comparative analysis of UCP1 may elucidate how its thermogenic function arose, how environmental selection has shaped protein function to support ecophysiological requirements, and how the enigmatic molecular mechanism of proton leak is governed. Several approaches for the assessment of UCP1 function in vitro have been introduced over the years. For comparative characterization of UCP1, we put forward the overexpression of UCP1 orthologues and mutated variants in a mammalian cell system as a primary strategy and discuss advantageous aspects in contrast to other experimental systems. In turn, we suggest how remaining experimental caveats can be solved by complimentary test systems before physiological consolidation in the animal model. Furthermore, we highlight the appropriate bioenergetic techniques to perform the functional analyses on UCP1. The comparative characterizations of diverse UCP1 variants may enable key insights into open questions surrounding the molecular basis of NST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gaudry
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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