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Puspitasari A, Squarcio F, Quartieri M, Totis C, Hitrec T, Takahashi A, Yoshida Y, Hanamura K, Yako T, Cerri M, Simoniello P, Durante M, Tinganelli W. Synthetic torpor protects rats from exposure to accelerated heavy ions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16405. [PMID: 36180516 PMCID: PMC9525701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernation or torpor is considered a possible tool to protect astronauts from the deleterious effects of space radiation that contains high-energy heavy ions. We induced synthetic torpor in rats by injecting adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate (5'-AMP) i.p. and maintaining in low ambient temperature room (+ 16 °C) for 6 h immediately after total body irradiation (TBI) with accelerated carbon ions (C-ions). The 5'-AMP treatment in combination with low ambient temperature reduced skin temperature and increased survival following 8 Gy C-ion irradiation compared to saline-injected animals. Analysis of the histology of the brain, liver and lungs showed that 5'-AMP treatment following 2 Gy TBI reduced activated microglia, Iba1 positive cells in the brain, apoptotic cells in the liver, and damage to the lungs, suggesting that synthetic torpor spares tissues from energetic ion radiation. The application of 5'-AMP in combination with either hypoxia or low temperature environment for six hours following irradiation of rat retinal pigment epithelial cells delays DNA repair and suppresses the radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe compared to control cells. We conclude that synthetic torpor protects animals from cosmic ray-simulated radiation and the mechanism involves both hypothermia and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggraeini Puspitasari
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany.,Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Fabio Squarcio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martina Quartieri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Cristina Totis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Timna Hitrec
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Hanamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yako
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione Di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Palma Simoniello
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Staples JF, Mathers KE, Duffy BM. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Hibernation: Regulation and Implications. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35658625 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00006.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernators rapidly and reversibly suppress mitochondrial respiration and whole animal metabolism. Posttranslational modifications likely regulate these mitochondrial changes, which may help conserve energy in winter. These modifications are affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS), so suppressing mitochondrial ROS production may also be important for hibernators, just as it is important for surviving ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine E Mathers
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brynne M Duffy
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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