The comparison of risk factors for colorectal neoplasms at different anatomical sites

Factors associated with false fecal immunochemical test results in colorectal cancer screening

BACKGROUND

Certain subgroups are at an increased risk of false fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results; however, related studies are limited, and the available evidence is conflicting.

AIM

To evaluate factors associated with false-positive and false-negative FIT results.

METHODS

This retrospective study was based on the database of the Tianjin Colorectal Cancer Screening Program from 2012 to 2020. A total of 4129947 residents aged 40-74 years completed at least one FIT. Of these, 24890 asymptomatic participants who underwent colonoscopy examinations and completed lifestyle questionnaires were included in the analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with false FIT results.

RESULTS

Among the overall screening population, 88687 (2.15%) participants tested positive for FIT. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FIT for advanced neoplasms were 58.2%, 44.8%, 9.7%, and 91.3%, respectively. Older age, female sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, higher body mass index, and hemorrhoids were significantly associated with increased odds of false-positive and lower odds of false-negative FIT results. Moreover, features of high-grade dysplasia or villous for advanced adenoma and the presence of cancer were also associated with lower odds of false-negative results, while irregular exercise and diverticulum were associated with higher odds of false-positive results.

CONCLUSION

FIT results may be inaccurate in certain subgroups. Our results provide important evidence for further individualization of screening strategies.

RBM10 suppresses colorectal cancer invasion by regulating LncRNA SNHG17 alternative splicing

To explore the role of RBM10 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the regulatory mechanism of CRC invasion through alternative splicing (AS) of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG17 by RBM10. Samples were collected from sixty cases of CRC and their corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to analyze the expression of RBM10. A Transwell invasion assay was conducted to evaluate the effect of RBM10 on the invasion of HCT116 cells, and a Western blot was performed to detect the expression of EMT-related proteins. Moreover, CLIP-seq and RIP experiments were performed to explore the interaction between RBM10 and SNHG17. The expression of RBM10 was significantly decreased in CRC tissues and cells compared to the normal adjacent tissues. Overexpression of RBM10 inhibited CRC invasion, while knockdown of RBM10 had the opposite effect. RBM10 was found to interact with SNHG17 and regulate its splice isoform balance. Specifically, the splice variant SNHG17_2 regulated by RBM10 was upregulated in CRC and was positively correlated with CRC invasion. RBM10 inhibits CRC invasion by regulating the alternative splicing of SNHG17, providing new research directions and potential targets for CRC treatment.

Importance of diet and intestinal microbiota in the prevention of colorectal cancer - colonoscopy early screening diagnosis

Colorectal cancer is a term used to describe colon and rectal cancer, which is the third most common type of cancer. A MEDLINE and PubMed search resulted in the inclusion of manuscripts written in the last 10 years, using keywords relevant to the topic of the manuscript. By analyzing the aim of the searched studies and manuscripts, adequate articles were included that described the stated problem. The frequency of colorectal cancer varies with climate, nutrition, and many other factors, primarily endogenous, hereditary, intestinal microbiome, as well as external factors, such as exposure of the individual to stress, and bad eating habits. Colon cancer and rectal cancer or colorectal cancer in general in the early stages of the disease, may not show symptoms or are barely noticeable. Colorectal cancer symptoms will most often not develop until the disease has progressed to stage 2 or beyond. Regular screening tests for colon or rectal cancer, especially colonoscopy, are recommended as part of a regular checkup for people aged 50 years or younger who are at high risk due to a family history of the disease or other cancers. Diet and colonoscopy as an early screening method play an important role in the prevention of colorectal cancer.

Population-based screening for colorectal cancer in Wuhan, China

Fecal DNA test has emerged as a non-invasive alternative for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in average-risk population. However, there is currently insufficient evidence in China to demonstrate the effectiveness of population-based CRC screening using fecal DNA based test. Here, a large-scale real-world study for CRC screening was implemented in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. A total of 98,683 subjects aged between 45 and 60 years were screened by a fecal DNA test (ColoTect®) which detected methylation status of SDC2, ADHFE1, and PPP2R5C. Participants who tested positive were advised to receive diagnostic colonoscopy. 4449 (4.5%) subjects tested positive for fecal DNA test, and 3200 (71.9%) underwent colonoscopy. Among these, 2347 (73.3%) had abnormal colonoscopy findings, of which 1330 (56.7%) subjects received pathological diagnosis. Detection rates for CRC and advanced precancerous lesions were 1.3% and 2.3%, respectively. Detection rates for nonadvanced adenomas and polyps were 14.0% and 21.6%, respectively. 28.0% of all colonoscopies showed colorectal neoplasm but lack pathological diagnosis. 6.1% showed other abnormalities such as enteritis. In conclusion, preliminary real-world evidence suggested that fecal DNA tests had promising diagnostic yield in population-based CRC screening.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=192838, identifier ChiCTR2300070520.