1
|
Chen CH, Yang SH, Liu Y, Jamieson P, Shan L, Chu KH. Accumulation and phytotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113817. [PMID: 31918129 PMCID: PMC7307574 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate (known as GenX) has been used as an alternative to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) which was phased out of formulations for industrial and consumer product applications in 2015. While the effects of GenX on lab animals have been studied, little is known about its effects on plants. This study examined and compared the accumulation and toxicity of GenX and PFOA in the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. Both plants showed reduction in biomass and root growth following exposure to PFOA or GenX in a dosage-dependent manner. The bioaccumulation factors (BFs) of GenX and PFOA were plant species-dependent, with higher BFs in A. thaliana compared to N. bethanminana. Additionally, GenX and PFOA were more readily accumulated into shoot tissues of A. thaliana than in N. bethanminana. Exposure to GenX also caused a reduction in chlorophyll content (18%) and total phenolic compounds (26%). However, GenX exposure increased superoxide dismutase activity and H2O2 content (1.6 and 2.6 folds increase, respectively) in N. benthamiana. Overall, our result suggest that GenX is bioaccumulative, and that its accumulation likely inhibits plant growth and photosynthesis as well as inducing oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Chen
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan ROC
| | - Shih-Hung Yang
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yina Liu
- The Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Pierce Jamieson
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Kung-Hui Chu
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodríguez-Castelán J, Zepeda-Pérez D, Méndez-Tepepa M, Castillo-Romano M, Espíndola-Lozano M, Anaya-Hernández A, Berbel P, Cuevas-Romero E. Hypothyroidism Alters the Uterine Lipid Levels in Pregnant Rabbits and Affects the Fetal Size. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:818-825. [PMID: 30387404 PMCID: PMC7040509 DOI: 10.2174/1871530318666181102093621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothyroidism has been related to low-weight births, abortion and prematurity, which have been associated with changes in the content of glycogen and vascularization of the placenta. Since hypothyroidism can cause dyslipidemia, it may affect the lipid content in the uterus affecting the development of fetuses. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of hypothyroidism on the lipid levels in serum and uterus during pregnancy and their possible association with the size of fetuses. METHOD Adult female rabbits were grouped in control (n = 6) and hypothyroid (n = 6; treated with methimazole for 29 days before and 19 days after copulation). Food intake and body weight were daily registered. At gestational day 19 (GD19), dams were sacrificed under an overdose of anesthesia. Morphometric measures of fetuses were taken. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TAG), and glucose concentrations were quantified in blood, uterus and ovaries of dams. The expression of uterine 3β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) was quantified by Western blot. RESULTS Hypothyroidism reduced food intake and body weight of dams, as well as promoted low abdominal diameters of fetuses. It did not induce dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia at GD19 and did not modify the content of lipids in the ovary. However, it reduced the content of TAG and TC in the uterus, which was associated with uterine hyperplasia and an increased expression of 3β-HSD in the uterus. CONCLUSION Hypothyroidism alters the lipid content in the uterus that might subsequently affect the energy production and lipid signaling important to fetal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rodríguez-Castelán
- Center Tlaxcala of Behavior Biology, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala. Tlaxcala, Mexico.,Departament of Celular and Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dafne Zepeda-Pérez
- Center Tlaxcala of Behavior Biology, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala. Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Maribel Méndez-Tepepa
- Center Tlaxcala of Behavior Biology, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala. Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | | | | | - Arely Anaya-Hernández
- Center Tlaxcala of Behavior Biology, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala. Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Pere Berbel
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, University Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Estela Cuevas-Romero
- Center Tlaxcala of Behavior Biology, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala. Tlaxcala, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pomar CA, Kuda O, Kopecky J, Rombaldova M, Castro H, Picó C, Sánchez J, Palou A. Maternal diet, rather than obesity itself, has a main influence on milk triacylglycerol profile in dietary obese rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158556. [PMID: 31678620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TG) in milk derive from different sources, and their composition may be influenced by both maternal diet and obesity. We used two rat models to ascertain potential changes in TG composition in milk associated to maternal intake of an obesogenic diet during lactation and to distinguish them from the effects attributable to maternal adiposity. Milk samples were obtained from dams fed a cafeteria diet during lactation (CAF) and from dams made obese by cafeteria diet feeding, with dietary normalization before gestation (PCaf). Levels of specific TG species in milk collected at different time points of lactation were determined by shotgun lipidomics. CAF and PCaf dams presented a greater adiposity than their respective controls. The principal component analysis of TG peaks showed a clear separation between milk from CAF dams and milk from control and Pcaf dams, already evident at 5 days of lactation. Milk from CAF dams was enriched with TG species with greater number of carbons and double bonds and reduced in TG with lower number of carbons. TG composition of milk from Pcaf dams was similar to controls, although specific differences were observed at day 5 of lactation. Thus, the intake of a cafeteria diet during lactation, rather than maternal adiposity, alters milk composition. This effect is avoided with dietary normalization before gestation, although the remaining fat reserves may also influence TG composition at initial stages of lactation. Therefore, normalization of maternal diet prior to pregnancy should be considered as a strategy for achieving optimal milk composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Pomar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; University of the Balearic Islands and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - O Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Rombaldova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - C Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; University of the Balearic Islands and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; University of the Balearic Islands and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - A Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; University of the Balearic Islands and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Melo MFFT, Pereira DE, Moura RDL, da Silva EB, de Melo FALT, Dias CDCQ, Silva MDCA, de Oliveira MEG, Viera VB, Pintado MME, Dos Santos SG, Soares JKB. Maternal Supplementation With Avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) Pulp and Oil Alters Reflex Maturation, Physical Development, and Offspring Memory in Rats. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:9. [PMID: 30728763 PMCID: PMC6351466 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an oleaginous fruit source of fatty acids with high levels of neuroprotective phytocomplexes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of reflex and somatic maturation, fatty acid profiles in the brain, and memory in different stages of life in the offspring of dams supplemented with avocado pulp and oil during gestation and lactation. The dams were randomly divided into three groups (n = 15 pups/group), and recieved by gavage supplementation: control group (CG)-distilled water; Avocado Oil (AO)-3,000 mg avocado oil/kg animal weight, and Avocado Pulp (AP)-3,000 mg avocado pulp/kg animal weight. We performed the following tests: Analysis of Somatic Development and Ontogeny of Postnatal Reflex (T0 to T21), the Open Field Habituation Test and the Object Recognition Test (ORT) in the adolescent (T45) and adult (T90) phases. The cerebral fatty acids content was evaluated at times T0, T21, T45, and T90. The results were analyzed using the statistical program GraphPad Prism and significant statistics were considered when p < 0.05. Acceleration of reflex maturation and reflex ontogeny was observed in the offspring of AO and AP fed dams, with the results being more pronounced in the pulp fed group (p < 0.05). All groups presented a decrease in the ambulation parameter in the second exposure to the Open Field Habituation Test, at T45 and T90 (p < 0.05). In the ORT, the AO and AP offspring presented memory improvements in the short and long term in the adult and adolescent phases (p < 0.05). The results of the brain fatty acid profiles presented higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content in the AO and AP groups at T21, T45, and T90. The docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) content was higher at T21 (AO and AP), at T45 (AO and AP), and at T90 (AP) (p < 0.05). The arachidonic acid (ARA) content was higher at T45 (AO and AP), and at T90 (AO) (p < 0.05). Maternal supplementation with avocado oil and pulp anticipates reflex maturation and somatic postnatal development, and improves memory during the adolescent and adult phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Ferreira Frazão Tavares de Melo
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Diego Elias Pereira
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Renally de Lima Moura
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Elisiane Beatriz da Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | | | - Celina de Castro Querino Dias
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Maciel da Costa Alves Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Maria Elieidy Gomes de Oliveira
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Laboratory of Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bordin Viera
- Laboratory of Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|