1
|
Alves JLDB, Costa PCTD, Sales LCSD, Silva Luis CC, Bezerra TPT, Souza MLA, Costa BA, de Souza EL. Shedding light on the impacts of Spirulina platensis on gut microbiota and related health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38420934 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2323112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Spirulina (S.) platensis is a blue-green algae with reported nutritional and health-promoting properties, such as immunomodulating, antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering properties, and beneficial effects on inflammatory diseases. Spirulina platensis can improve the function and composition of the gut microbiota and exert systemic beneficial effects. Gut dysbiosis is characterized by an imbalance in the composition and function of gut microbiota and is associated with several diseases. Some dietary bioactive compounds can restore the composition, diversity, and function of the gut microbiota and improve health-related parameters. This review proposes to gather relevant information on the effects of S. platensis supplementation on the modulation of the function and composition of gut microbiota and local and systemic measures related to gut health, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and glucose and lipid metabolism. The body of evidence conducted with animals and clinical studies shows that S. platensis supplementation increased gut microbiota diversity and improved gut microbiota composition, as reported by a decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio, increase in the relative abundance of Prevotella and Lactobacillaceae, increase in short-chain fatty acid production and decrease of gut permeability. Improvements in gut microbiota have been associated with host health benefits such as anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, anti-lipemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Trindade da Costa
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Cosmo Silva Luis
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Alves Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia Araújo Costa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prete V, Abate AC, Di Pietro P, De Lucia M, Vecchione C, Carrizzo A. Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Supplementation in the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:642. [PMID: 38474769 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, as a result of rising mortality rates due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there has been a growing urgency to find alternative approaches to conventional pharmaceutical treatment to prevent the onset of chronic diseases. Arthrospira platensis, commonly known as Spirulina, is a blue-green cyanobacterium, classified as a "superfood", used worldwide as a nutraceutical food supplement due to its remarkable nutritional value, lack of toxicity, and therapeutic effects. Several scientific studies have evaluated the cardioprotective role of Spirulina. This article presents a comprehensive review of the therapeutic benefits of Spirulina in improving cardio- and cerebrovascular health. It focuses on the latest experimental and clinical findings to evaluate its antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic properties. The objective is to highlight its potential in preventing and managing risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Prete
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Angela Carmelita Abate
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim YR, Park MJ, Park SY, Kim JY. Brown Seaweed Consumption as a Promising Strategy for Blood Glucose Management: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4987. [PMID: 38068845 PMCID: PMC10707744 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic condition that can lead to various complications; therefore, there is a need to emphasize prevention and management. Dietary interventions, such as the Mediterranean diet or calorie-restricted regimens, coupled with exercise-induced weight reduction, have been recommended for enhancing diabetes management. Seaweeds contain various functional components, such as polyphenols and fucoidan, which have been reported to exert multiple benefits, including blood glucose regulation, improved intestinal health, and enhanced of lipid profiles. The association between blood glucose and seaweed consumption has been established in previous research. We searched the PubMed, RISS, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies after applying the selection/exclusion criteria, and 23 studies were ultimately included in this analysis. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 4.0 was used to assess statistical significance and heterogeneity. In this meta-analysis, postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels demonstrated significant improvements in the seaweed group compared to the control group. Conversely, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels did not show significant associations with seaweed consumption. Subgroup analysis revealed that a high dose (1000 mg or more) was more beneficial than a low dose, and seaweeds such as Laminaria digitata, Undaria pinnatifida, Acophyllum nodosum, and Fucus vesiculosus were found to be more effective at improving blood glucose levels than control treatments. Therefore, based on our research, seaweed supplementation appears to be a promising strategy for reducing postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR levels, thereby enabling better blood glucose management and leading to a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.K.); (M.J.P.); (S.-y.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Trigo JP, Palmnäs-Bédard M, Juanola MVL, Undeland I. Effects of whole seaweed consumption on humans: current evidence from randomized-controlled intervention trials, knowledge gaps, and limitations. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1226168. [PMID: 37545570 PMCID: PMC10399747 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1226168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed is often recognized for its potential health benefits, attributed to its abundance of dietary fibers, protein, and polyphenols. While human observational studies have shown promise, the collective evidence from human intervention trials remains limited. This narrative review aims to comprehensively analyze the effects of seaweed intake on humans, while critically assessing the methodology, including Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment. A search was conducted in online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2000 to May 2023. The focus was on randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the impact of whole seaweed, either consumed as capsules, integrated into food products or as part of meals. Various health outcomes were examined, including appetite, anthropometric measures, cardiometabolic risk factors, thyroid function, markers of oxidative stress, and blood mineral concentrations. Out of the 25 RCTs reviewed, the findings revealed limited yet encouraging evidence for effects of seaweed on blood glucose metabolism, blood pressure, anthropometric measures, and, to a lesser extent, blood lipids. Notably, these favorable effects were predominantly observed in populations with type-2 diabetes and hypertension. Despite most trials selecting a seaweed dose aligning with estimated consumption levels in Japan, considerable variability was observed in the pretreatment and delivery methods of seaweed across studies. Moreover, most studies exhibited a moderate-to-high risk of bias, posing challenges in drawing definitive conclusions. Overall, this review highlights the necessity for well-designed RCTs with transparent reporting of methods and results. Furthermore, there is a need for RCTs to explore seaweed species cultivated outside of Asia, with a specific emphasis on green and red species. Such studies will provide robust evidence-based support for the growing utilization of seaweed as a dietary component in regions with negligible seaweed consumption, e.g., Europe.
Collapse
|
5
|
Das S, Sakr H, Al-Huseini I, Jetti R, Al-Qasmi S, Sugavasi R, Sirasanagandla SR. Atrazine Toxicity: The Possible Role of Natural Products for Effective Treatment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2278. [PMID: 37375903 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
There are various herbicides which were used in the agriculture industry. Atrazine (ATZ) is a chlorinated triazine herbicide that consists of a ring structure, known as the triazine ring, along with a chlorine atom and five nitrogen atoms. ATZ is a water-soluble herbicide, which makes it capable of easily infiltrating into majority of the aquatic ecosystems. There are reports of toxic effects of ATZ on different systems of the body but, unfortunately, majority of these scientific reports were documented in animals. The herbicide was reported to enter the body through various routes. The toxicity of the herbicide can cause deleterious effects on the respiratory, reproductive, endocrine, central nervous system, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems of the human body. Alarmingly, few studies in industrial workers showed ATZ exposure leading to cancer. We embarked on the present review to discuss the mechanism of action of ATZ toxicity for which there is no specific antidote or drug. Evidence-based published literature on the effective use of natural products such as lycopene, curcumin, Panax ginseng, Spirulina platensis, Fucoidans, vitamin C, soyabeans, quercetin, L-carnitine, Telfairia occidentalis, vitamin E, Garcinia kola, melatonin, selenium, Isatis indigotica, polyphenols, Acacia nilotica, and Zingiber officinale were discussed in detail. In the absence of any particular allopathic drug, the present review may open the doors for future drug design involving the natural products and their active compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Hussein Sakr
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Isehaq Al-Huseini
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Raghu Jetti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Al-Qasmi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Raju Sugavasi
- Department of Anatomy, Fathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa 516003, India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rahnama I, Arabi SM, Chambari M, Bahrami LS, Hadi V, Mirghazanfari SM, Rizzo M, Hadi S, Sahebkar A. The effect of Spirulina supplementation on lipid profile: GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of data from randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2023; 193:106802. [PMID: 37263369 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the most important causes of death worldwide. Dyslipidemia is one of the main causal risk factors for CVD that can be controlled by modifying lifestyle, which entails the use of healthy diets containing functional foods. The present study was conducted to summarize the effects of Spirulina on the lipid profile in previous randomized controlled trials. METHODS MEDLINE, Scopus, Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically until January 2023, for clinical interventions that investigated the effect of Spirulina supplementation on plasma lipid profile concentrations. RESULTS ooled results of 20 studies (with 23 arms and 1076 participants) indicated that Spirulina intervention significantly reduced LDL-C (SMD: -0.6, 95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P˂0.05), TC (SMD: -0.6, 95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P˂0.05) and TG (SMD: -0.6, 95% CI: -0.9, -0.2, P˂0.05) levels while HDL-C levels were significantly increased (SMD: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.0, 0.6, P˂0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present meta-analysis and review show the usefulness of supplementing with Spirulina in improving serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Rahnama
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Arabi
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mahla Chambari
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Leila Sadat Bahrami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Hadi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayid Mahdi Mirghazanfari
- Department of Physiology and Iranian Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133Palermo, Italy
| | - Saeid Hadi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quantifying the Impact of Algae Supplement on Blood Pressure: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022; 47:101336. [PMID: 35870546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of Algae supplements and its extract on blood pressure has not concluded yet. The aim of this systematic review meta-analysis is to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of this group marine organism on human. Alga was used in some studies as capsules (from 500 mg to 8 g) and the follow-up duration changed from 17 days to 9 months. The difference in standardized mean and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied as the effect size of algae supplementation on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Based on the results, a meta-analysis of 10 studies with baseline effect control demonstrated that there was no difference in the mean systolic blood pressure in the two groups SMD (95%CI): -1.05 (-2.85,0.76), but a significant difference in the mean diastolic blood pressure was observed and showed that the mean diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group was lower than the control group SMD(95%CI): -2.23 (-4.35,-0.11). A meta-analysis of 4 studies with no baseline control effect did not show significant results on both blood pressure. The evidence to support this systematic review meta-analysis requires more investigation and future large scale RCT clinical trial to confirm the results.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao B, Fu S, Li H, Chen Z. Chemical Characterization of Chinese Perilla Seed Oil. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1575-1583. [PMID: 34645745 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical properties and chemical composition of Chinese perilla seed oil has been characterized in this study. The result showed that both the cold press oil and the solvent extracted oil possessed low acid value and peroxide value. The fatty acid composition result showed that the oil has high content of linolenic acid (C18:3) up to 66.4 g/100 g, followed by linoleic acid (C18:2) of 15.3 g/100 g. The total triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles results showed that the oil contained 20 TAGs including 17 regioisomers, including LnLnLn (35.8 g/100 g), LLnLn (20.2 g/100 g), LLLn (17.7 g/100 g) and PLnLn (14.9 g/100 g) (Ln, linolenic acid; L, linoleic acid; P, palmitic acid). With content of only 0.57 g/100 g oil, the unsaponifiable matters were mainly composed of phytosterols, squalene, tocopherol, alcohols and hydrocarbons. The total phytosterols content was 0.39 g/100 g oil, in which β-sitosterol has high content of 0.31 g/100 g oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Shijian Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Hua Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Zhicheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bohórquez-Medina SL, Bohórquez-Medina AL, Benites Zapata VA, Ignacio-Cconchoy FL, Toro-Huamanchumo CJ, Bendezu-Quispe G, Pacheco-Mendoza J, Hernandez AV. Impact of spirulina supplementation on obesity-related metabolic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. NFS JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
10
|
Moradi S, Zobeiri M, Feizi A, Clark CCT, Entezari MH. The effects of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation on anthropometric indices, blood pressure, sleep quality, mental health, fatigue status and quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis: A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14472. [PMID: 34107141 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emerging body of evidence has highlighted the protective role of spirulina in human health. Thus, we conducted a randomised controlled trial to discern the effects of spirulina supplementation on anthropometric indices, blood pressure, sleep quality, mood, fatigue status and quality of life among ulcerative colitis patients. METHODS Eighty participants with ulcerative colitis were randomly allocated to receive, either, 1 g/day (two 500 mg capsules) spirulina (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40), in a clinical trial for eight weeks. Dietary intake, physical activity, sleep quality, mental health, fatigue status and quality of life were assessed for each participant at baseline and trial cessation. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were also assessed. RESULTS Seventy-three participants completed the intervention. Our results revealed that spirulina supplementation significantly reduced sleep disturbances (P = .03), while no significant changes occurred in the sleep quality score or other sleep parameters, vs the placebo group (P > .05). Furthermore, a significant reduction in stress score (P = .04) and increase in quality of life (P = .03) was detected; but not anxiety, depression or fatigue scores (P > .05). Additionally, anthropometric indices and blood pressure did not significantly change (P > .05). CONCLUSION An improved quality of life was observed among ulcerative colitis patients following spirulina supplementation, which could be attributed to improved sleep disturbance and stress status. Further clinical studies, with longer duration interventions and suitably powered sample sizes, are necessary to elucidate the veracity of our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Moradi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zobeiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Mohammad Hassan Entezari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vaughan K, Ranawana V, Cooper D, Aceves-Martins M. Effect of brown seaweed on plasma glucose in healthy, at-risk, and type 2 diabetic individuals: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1194-1205. [PMID: 34549293 PMCID: PMC8990535 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Sustained hyperglycemia triggers chronic disease, including type 2 diabetes. A considerable volume of research has explored the effects of brown seaweed on plasma glucose control, but equivocal findings have been reported. Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the evidence from human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of brown seaweed on plasma glucose in healthy, at-risk, and individuals with type 2 diabetes. Data Sources MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for reports published between 2000 and 2020. Data Extraction Population, intervention, comparator, outcome, and study design data were extracted. Data Analysis Eighteen RCTs met our inclusion criteria. The reported results varied across and between populations. Meta-analyses showed a significant effect, favoring the intervention group for both fasting (mean difference –4.6 [95% CI –7.88, –1.33]) and postprandial (mean difference –7.1 [95% CI –7.4, –6.9]) plasma glucose. Conclusion Brown seaweed and its extracts show potential for preventing and managing hyperglycemia. Our meta-analysis confirms that brown seaweed positively affects plasma glucose homeostasis, with particularly promising postprandial plasma glucose effects. However, further research is needed because no high-quality RCT was identified. Species-specific and dose–response research is also required. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020187849.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Vaughan
- K. Vaughan and M. Aceves-Martins are with the The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. V. Ranawana is with the School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. D. Cooper is with the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Viren Ranawana
- K. Vaughan and M. Aceves-Martins are with the The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. V. Ranawana is with the School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. D. Cooper is with the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David Cooper
- K. Vaughan and M. Aceves-Martins are with the The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. V. Ranawana is with the School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. D. Cooper is with the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Magaly Aceves-Martins
- K. Vaughan and M. Aceves-Martins are with the The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. V. Ranawana is with the School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. D. Cooper is with the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Uncovering Prospective Role and Applications of Existing and New Nutraceuticals from Bacterial, Fungal, Algal and Cyanobacterial, and Plant Sources. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13073671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are a category of products more often associated with food but having pharmaceuticals property and characteristics. However, there is still no internationally accepted concept of these food-pharmaceutical properties, and their interpretation can differ from country to country. Nutraceuticals are used as part of dietary supplements in most countries. They can be phytochemicals which are biologically active and have health benefits. These can be supplied as a supplement and/or as a functional food to the customer. For human health and longevity, these materials are likely to play a vital role. Consumption of these items is typical without a therapeutic prescription and/or supervision by the vast majority of the public. The development of nutraceuticals can be achieved through many bioresources and organisms. This review article will discuss the current research on nutraceuticals from different biological sources and their potential use as an agent for improving human health and well-being, as well as the gaps and future perspective of research related to nutraceutical development.
Collapse
|
13
|
The effect of spirulina on type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:883-892. [PMID: 34178867 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of spirulina on lipid profiles and glycemic related markers in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to August 2020. All clinical trials which investigated the effect of spirulina supplementation on glycemic related markers and lipid profile among type 2 diabetes patients were included. Random effects modeling was utilized for pooling analysis to compensate for the between-study heterogeneity. Results Eight studies (9 arms) were included in the meta-analysis. We found a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose (-17.88 mg/dl; 95% CI: -26.99, -8.78; I 2 : 25%), triglyceride (-30.99 mg/dl; 95% CI: -45.20, -16.77; I 2 : 50%), total-cholesterol (-18.47 mg/dl; 95% CI: -33.54, -3.39; I 2 : 73%), LDL-C (-20.04 mg/dl; 95% CI: -34.06, -6.02; I 2 : 75%), VLDL (-6.96 mg/dl; 95% CI: -9.71, -4.22; I 2 : 33%), in addition to a significant increase in HDL-C (-6.96 mg/dl; 95% CI: -9.71, -4.22; I 2 : 33%), after spirulina administration. No significant effect was observed on HbA1C or post prandial blood sugar following spirulina consumption. Conclusion The present study suggests that spirulina supplementation can elicit beneficial effects on fasting blood glucose and blood lipid profiles. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00760-z.
Collapse
|