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Della Guardia L, Luzi L, Codella R. Muscle-UCP3 in the regulation of energy metabolism. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101872. [PMID: 38499130 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) is a mitochondria-regulatory protein with potential energy- homeostatic functions. This study explores the role of UCP3 in the regulation of muscle- and energy metabolism. UCP3 is critical for tuning substrate utilization, favoring lipid oxidation, particularly in conditions of high-fat availability. While UCP3 is non-essential for lipid oxidation during energy excess, it proves vital during fasting, indicating an energy-homeostatic trait. Preliminary evidence indicates UCP3' promotion of glucose uptake and oxidation, at least in conditions of high glucose/low fat availability. However, the dynamics of how fats and glucose differentially influence UCP3 remain undefined. UCP3 exhibits inducible proton transport and uncoupling activity, operating in a dual manner: a resting state with no/low activity and an activated state in the presence of activators. Uncoupling may enhance thermogenesis in specific conditions and in the presence of activators such as fatty acids, thyroid hormones, and catecholamines. This energy-dissipative activity adapts to varying energy availability, balancing energy dissipation with fatty acid oxidation to optimize whole-body energy homeostasis: fasting triggers UCP3 upregulation, enhancing lipid utilization while suppressing uncoupling. Additionally, UCP3 upregulation induces glucose and lipid disposal from the bloodstream and decreases tri-/diglyceride storage in muscle. This process improves mitochondrial functionality and insulin signaling, leading to enhanced systemicgluco-metabolic balance and protection from metabolic conditions. Reviewed evidence suggests that UCP3 plays a crucial role in adapting the system to changing energy conditions. However, the precise role of UCP3 in regulating metabolism requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy.
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2
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Kim S, Yazawa T, Koide A, Yoneda E, Aoki R, Okazaki T, Tomita K, Watanabe H, Muroi Y, Testuka M, Muranishi Y. Potential Role of Pig UCP3 in Modulating Adipocyte Browning via the Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Pathway. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:284. [PMID: 38785767 PMCID: PMC11117546 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in regulating body temperature and metabolism, with white adipocytes serving as storage units for energy. Recent research focused on the browning of white adipocytes (beige adipocytes), causing thermogenesis and lipolysis. The process of browning is linked to the activation of uncoupling protein (UCP) expression, which can be mediated by the β3 adrenergic receptor pathway. Transcriptional factors, such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha, play vital roles in cell fate determination for fat cells. Beige adipocytes have metabolic therapeutic potential to combat diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, owing to their significant impact on metabolic functions. However, the molecular mechanisms that cause the induction of browning are unclear. Therefore, research using animal models and primary culture is essential to provide an understanding of browning for further application in human metabolic studies. Pigs have physiological similarities to humans; hence, they are valuable models for research on adipose tissue. This study demonstrates the browning potential of pig white adipocytes through primary culture experiments. The results show that upregulation of UCP3 gene expression and fragmentation of lipid droplets into smaller particles occur due to isoproterenol stimulation, which activates beta-adrenergic receptor signaling. Furthermore, PPARγ and PGC-1α were found to activate the UCP3 promoter region, similar to that of UCP1. These findings suggest that pigs undergo metabolic changes that induce browning in white adipocytes, providing a promising approach for metabolic research with potential implications for human health. This study offers valuable insights into the mechanism of adipocyte browning using pig primary culture that can enhance our understanding of human metabolism, leading to cures for commonly occurring diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Kim
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Akari Koide
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Erina Yoneda
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Risa Aoki
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Tatsuki Okazaki
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Kisaki Tomita
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Yoshikage Muroi
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Masafumi Testuka
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Yuki Muranishi
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Liu X, Xu X, Zhang T, Xu L, Tao H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Meng X. Fatty acid metabolism disorders and potential therapeutic traditional Chinese medicines in cardiovascular diseases. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4976-4998. [PMID: 37533230 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are currently the primary cause of mortality in the whole world. Growing evidence indicated that the disturbances in cardiac fatty acid metabolism are crucial contributors in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The abnormal cardiac fatty acid metabolism usually leads to energy deficit, oxidative stress, excessive apoptosis, and inflammation. Targeting fatty acid metabolism has been regarded as a novel approach to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, there are currently no specific drugs that regulate fatty acid metabolism to treat cardiovascular diseases. Many traditional Chinese medicines have been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases in clinics. And modern studies have shown that they exert a cardioprotective effect by regulating the expression of key proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1. Hence, we systematically reviewed the relationship between fatty acid metabolism disorders and four types of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In addition, 18 extracts and eight monomer components from traditional Chinese medicines showed cardioprotective effects by restoring cardiac fatty acid metabolism. This work aims to provide a reference for the finding of novel cardioprotective agents targeting fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Perelló-Amorós M, Fernández-Borràs J, Sánchez-Moya A, Vélez EJ, García-Pérez I, Gutiérrez J, Blasco J. Mitochondrial Adaptation to Diet and Swimming Activity in Gilthead Seabream: Improved Nutritional Efficiency. Front Physiol 2021; 12:678985. [PMID: 34220544 PMCID: PMC8249818 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained exercise promotes growth in different fish species, and in gilthead seabream we have demonstrated that it improves nutrient use efficiency. This study assesses for differences in growth rate, tissue composition and energy metabolism in gilthead seabream juveniles fed two diets: high-protein (HP; 54% protein, 15% lipid) or high energy (HE; 50% protein, 20% lipid), under voluntary swimming (VS) or moderate-to-low-intensity sustained swimming (SS) for 6 weeks. HE fed fish under VS conditions showed lower body weight and higher muscle lipid content than HP fed fish, but no differences between the two groups were observed under SS conditions. Irrespective of the swimming regime, the white muscle stable isotopes profile of the HE group revealed increased nitrogen and carbon turnovers. Nitrogen fractionation increased in the HP fed fish under SS, indicating enhanced dietary protein oxidation. Hepatic gene expression markers of energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis showed clear differences between the two diets under VS: a significant shift in the COX/CS ratio, modifications in UCPs, and downregulation of PGC1a in the HE-fed fish. Swimming induced mitochondrial remodeling through upregulation of fusion and fission markers, and removing almost all the differences observed under VS. In the HE-fed fish, white skeletal muscle benefited from the increased energy demand, amending the oxidative uncoupling produced under the VS condition by an excess of lipids and the pro-fission state observed in mitochondria. Contrarily, red muscle revealed more tolerant to the energy content of the HE diet, even under VS conditions, with higher expression of oxidative enzymes (COX and CS) without any sign of mitochondrial stress or mitochondrial biogenesis induction. Furthermore, this tissue had enough plasticity to shift its metabolism under higher energy demand (SS), again equalizing the differences observed between diets under VS condition. Globally, the balance between dietary nutrients affects mitochondrial regulation due to their use as energy fuels, but exercise corrects imbalances allowing practical diets with lower protein and higher lipid content without detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Perelló-Amorós
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Fernández-Borràs
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Sánchez-Moya
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio J Vélez
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR 1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Isabel García-Pérez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Blasco
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Pohl EE, Rupprecht A, Macher G, Hilse KE. Important Trends in UCP3 Investigation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:470. [PMID: 31133866 PMCID: PMC6524716 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), a member of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein family, was discovered in 1997. UCP3's properties, such as its high homology to other mitochondrial carriers, especially to UCP2, its short lifetime and low specificity of UCP3 antibodies, have hindered progress in understanding its biological function and transport mechanism over decades. The abundance of UCP3 is highest in murine brown adipose tissue (BAT, 15.0 pmol/mg protein), compared to heart (2.7 pmol/mg protein) and the gastrocnemius muscle (1.7 pmol/mg protein), but it is still 400-fold lower than the abundance of UCP1, a biomarker for BAT. Investigation of UCP3 reconstituted in planar bilayer membranes revealed that it transports protons only when activated by fatty acids (FA). Although purine nucleotides (PN) inhibit UCP3-mediated transport, the molecular mechanism differs from that of UCP1. It remains a conundrum that two homologous proton-transporting proteins exist within the same tissue. Recently, we proposed that UCP3 abundance directly correlates with the degree of FA β-oxidation in cell metabolism. Further development in this field implies that UCP3 may have dual function in transporting substrates, which have yet to be identified, alongside protons. Evaluation of the literature with respect to UCP3 is a complex task because (i) UCP3 features are often extrapolated from its "twin" UCP2 without additional proof, and (ii) the specificity of antibodies against UCP3 used in studies is rarely evaluated. In this review, we primarily focus on recent findings obtained for UCP3 in biological and biomimetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E. Pohl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Rupprecht
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gabriel Macher
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolina E. Hilse
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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A modified approach for programmed electrical stimulation in mice: Inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201910. [PMID: 30133474 PMCID: PMC6104969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrophysiological studies in mice, the prevailing model organism in the field of basic cardiovascular research, are impeded by the low yield of programmed electrical stimulation (PES). OBJECTIVE To investigate a modified approach for ventricular arrhythmia (VA) induction and a novel scoring system in mice. METHOD A systematic review of literature on current methods for PES in mice searching the PubMed database revealed that VA inducibility was low and ranged widely (4.6 ± 10.7%). Based on this literature review, a modified PES protocol with 3 to 10 extrastimuli was developed and tested in comparison to the conventional PES protocol using up to 3 extrastimuli in anesthetized wildtype mice (C57BL/6J, n = 12). Induced VA, classified according to the Lambeth Convention, were assessed by established arrhythmia scores as well as a novel arrhythmia score based on VA duration. RESULTS PES with the modified approach raised both the occurrence and the duration of VA compared to conventional PES (0% vs 50%; novel VA score p = 0.0002). Particularly, coupling of >6 extrastimuli raised the induction of VA. Predominantly, premature ventricular complexes (n = 6) and ventricular tachycardia <1s (n = 4) were observed. Repeated PES after adrenergic stimulation using isoprenaline resulted in enhanced induction of ventricular tachycardia <1s in both protocols. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the presented approach of modified PES enables effective induction and quantification of VA in wildtype mice and may well be suited to document and evaluate detailed VA characteristics in mice.
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Hilse KE, Rupprecht A, Egerbacher M, Bardakji S, Zimmermann L, Wulczyn AEMS, Pohl EE. The Expression of Uncoupling Protein 3 Coincides With the Fatty Acid Oxidation Type of Metabolism in Adult Murine Heart. Front Physiol 2018; 9:747. [PMID: 29988383 PMCID: PMC6024016 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases is widely acknowledged. However, contradictory reports show that the functions of UCP2/UCP3 are still disputed. We have previously described that UCP2 is highly abundant in cells that rely on glycolysis, such as stem, cancer and activated immune cells. In contrast, high amounts of UCP3 are present in brown adipose tissue, followed by heart and skeletal muscles - all known to metabolize fatty acids (FA) to a high extent. Using two different models - mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) differentiation to cardiomyocytes (CM) and murine heart at different developmental stages - we now tested the concept that the expression ratio between UCP2 and UCP3 indicates the metabolism type in CM. Our results revealed the tight correlation between UCP3 abundance, expression of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) markers and presence of multiple connections between mitochondria and lipid droplets. We further demonstrated that the time course of UCP3 expression neither coincided with the onset of the electrical activity in CM, derived from mESC, nor with the expression of respiratory chain proteins, the observation which rendered protein participation in ROS regulation unlikely. The present data imply that UCP3 may facilitate FAO by transporting FAs into mitochondria. In contrast, UCP2 was highly abundant at early stages of heart development and in mESC. Understanding, that the expression patterns of UCP3 and UCP2 in heart during development reflect the type of the cell metabolism is key to the uncovering their different functions. Their expression ratio may be an important diagnostic criterion for the degree of CM differentiation and/or severity of a heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina E Hilse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Rupprecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Bardakji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lars Zimmermann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea E M Seiler Wulczyn
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena E Pohl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Macher G, Koehler M, Rupprecht A, Kreiter J, Hinterdorfer P, Pohl EE. Inhibition of mitochondrial UCP1 and UCP3 by purine nucleotides and phosphate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:664-672. [PMID: 29212043 PMCID: PMC6118327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is not only expressed in skeletal muscle and heart, but also in brown adipose tissue (BAT) alongside UCP1, which facilitates a proton leak to support non-shivering thermogenesis. In contrast to UCP1, the transport function and molecular mechanism of UCP3 regulation are poorly investigated, although it is generally agreed upon that UCP3, analogous to UCP1, transports protons, is activated by free fatty acids (FFAs) and is inhibited by purine nucleotides (PNs). Because the presence of two similar uncoupling proteins in BAT is surprising, we hypothesized that UCP1 and UCP3 are differently regulated, which may lead to differences in their functions. By combining atomic force microscopy and electrophysiological measurements of recombinant proteins reconstituted in planar bilayer membranes, we compared the level of protein activity with the bond lifetimes between UCPs and PNs. Our data revealed that, in contrast to UCP1, UCP3 can be fully inhibited by all PNs and IC50 increases with a decrease in PN-phosphorylation. Experiments with mutant proteins demonstrated that the conserved arginines in the PN-binding pocket are involved in the inhibition of UCP1 and UCP3 to different extents. Fatty acids compete with all PNs bound to UCP1, but only with ATP bound to UCP3. We identified phosphate as a novel inhibitor of UCP3 and UCP1, which acts independently of PNs. The differences in molecular mechanisms of the inhibition between the highly homologous transporters UCP1 and UCP3 indicate that UCP3 has adapted to fulfill a different role and possibly another transport function in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Macher
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Koehler
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Anne Rupprecht
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Kreiter
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Elena E Pohl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Chen W, Xu H, Chen X, Liu Z, Zhang W, Xia D. Functional and Activity Analysis of Cattle UCP3 Promoter with MRFs-Related Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050682. [PMID: 27164086 PMCID: PMC4881508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is mainly expressed in muscle. It plays an important role in muscle, but less research on the regulation of cattle UCP3 has been performed. In order to elucidate whether cattle UCP3 can be regulated by muscle-related factors, deletion of cattle UCP3 promoter was amplified and cloned into pGL3-basic, pGL3-promoter and PEGFP-N3 vector, respectively, then transfected into C2C12 myoblasts cells and UCP3 promoter activity was measured using the dual-Luciferase reporter assay system. The results showed that there is some negative-regulatory element from −620 to −433 bp, and there is some positive-regulatory element between −433 and −385 bp. The fragment (1.08 kb) of UCP3 promoter was cotransfected with muscle-related transcription factor myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A). We found that UCP3 promoter could be upregulated by Myf5, Myf6 and MyoD and downregulated by MyoG and MEF2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Houqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Dan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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10
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UCPs, at the interface between bioenergetics and metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2443-56. [PMID: 27091404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The first member of the uncoupling protein (UCP) family, brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), was identified in 1976. Twenty years later, two closely related proteins, UCP2 and UCP3, were described in mammals. Homologs of these proteins exist in other organisms, including plants. Uncoupling refers to a deterioration of energy conservation between substrate oxidation and ADP phosphorylation. Complete energy conservation loss would be fatal but fine-tuning can be beneficial for processes such as thermogenesis, redox control, and prevention of mitochondrial ROS release. The coupled/uncoupled state of mitochondria is related to the permeability of the inner membrane and the proton transport mediated by activated UCPs underlies the uncoupling activity of these proteins. Proton transport by UCP1 is activated by fatty acids and this ensures thermogenesis. In vivo in absence of this activation UCP1 remains inhibited with no transport activity. A similar situation now seems unlikely for UCP2 and UCP3 and while activation of their proton transport has been described its physiological relevance remains uncertain and their influence can be envisaged as a result of another transport pathway that takes place in the absence of activation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Channels edited by Pierre Sonveaux, Pierre Maechler and Jean-Claude Martinou.
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Lewis AJ, Neubauer S, Tyler DJ, Rider OJ. Pyruvate dehydrogenase as a therapeutic target for obesity cardiomyopathy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:755-66. [PMID: 26617082 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1126248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity cardiomyopathy is a major public health problem with few specific therapeutic options. Abnormal cardiac substrate metabolism with reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity is associated with energetic and functional cardiac impairment and may be a therapeutic target. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the changes to cardiac substrate and high energy phosphorus metabolism that occur in obesity and describes the links between abnormal metabolism and impairment of cardiac function. The available evidence for the currently available pharmacological options for selective metabolic therapy in obesity cardiomyopathy is reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Pharmacological restoration of PDH activity is in general associated with favourable effects upon cardiac substrate metabolism and function in both animal models and small scale human studies, supporting a potential role as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jm Lewis
- a Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford , OX3 9DU , UK.,b Department of Physiology , Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford , Sherrington Road, Oxford , OX3 9DU , UK
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- a Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford , OX3 9DU , UK
| | - Damian J Tyler
- a Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford , OX3 9DU , UK.,b Department of Physiology , Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford , Sherrington Road, Oxford , OX3 9DU , UK
| | - Oliver J Rider
- a Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford , OX3 9DU , UK.,b Department of Physiology , Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford , Sherrington Road, Oxford , OX3 9DU , UK
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Harmancey R, Haight DL, Watts KA, Taegtmeyer H. Chronic Hyperinsulinemia Causes Selective Insulin Resistance and Down-regulates Uncoupling Protein 3 (UCP3) through the Activation of Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein (SREBP)-1 Transcription Factor in the Mouse Heart. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30947-61. [PMID: 26555260 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk for heart failure and death after myocardial infarction is abnormally high in diabetic subjects. We and others have shown previously that mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) improves functional recovery of the rodent heart during reperfusion. Here, we demonstrate that pharmacological induction of hyperinsulinemia in mice down-regulates myocardial UCP3. Decreased UCP3 expression was linked to the development of selective insulin resistance in the heart, characterized by decreased basal activity of Akt but preserved activity of the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and overactivation of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1-mediated lipogenic program. In cultured myocytes, insulin treatment and SREBP-1 overexpression decreased, whereas SREBP-1 interference increased, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-stimulated expression of UCP3. Promoter deletion and site-directed mutagenesis identified three functional sterol regulatory elements in the vicinity of a known complex intronic enhancer. Increased binding of SREBP-1 to this DNA region was confirmed in the heart of hyperinsulinemic mice. In conclusion, we describe a hitherto unknown regulatory mechanism by which insulin inhibits cardiac UCP3 expression through activation of the lipogenic factor SREBP-1. Sustained down-regulation of cardiac UCP3 by hyperinsulinemia may partly explain the poor prognosis of type 2 diabetic patients after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Harmancey
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505
| | - Derek L Haight
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Kayla A Watts
- the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research and Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
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Kim HS, Ryoo ZY, Choi SU, Lee S. Gene expression profiles reveal effect of a high-fat diet on the development of white and brown adipose tissues. Gene 2015; 565:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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