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Bavil AY, Eghan-Acquah E, Diamond LE, Barrett R, Carty CP, Barzan M, Nasseri A, Lloyd DG, Saxby DJ, Feih S. Effect of different constraining boundary conditions on simulated femoral stresses and strains during gait. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10808. [PMID: 38734763 PMCID: PMC11088641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Finite element analysis (FEA) is commonly used in orthopaedic research to estimate localised tissue stresses and strains. A variety of boundary conditions have been proposed for isolated femur analysis, but it remains unclear how these assumed constraints influence FEA predictions of bone biomechanics. This study compared the femoral head deflection (FHD), stresses, and strains elicited under four commonly used boundary conditions (fixed knee, mid-shaft constraint, springs, and isostatic methods) and benchmarked these mechanics against the gold standard inertia relief method for normal and pathological femurs (extreme anteversion and retroversion, coxa vara, and coxa valga). Simulations were performed for the stance phase of walking with the applied femoral loading determined from patient-specific neuromusculoskeletal models. Due to unrealistic biomechanics observed for the commonly used boundary conditions, we propose a novel biomechanical constraint method to generate physiological femur biomechanics. The biomechanical method yielded FHD (< 1 mm), strains (approaching 1000 µε), and stresses (< 60 MPa), which were consistent with physiological observations and similar to predictions from the inertia relief method (average coefficient of determination = 0.97, average normalized root mean square error = 0.17). Our results highlight the superior performance of the biomechanical method compared to current methods of constraint for both healthy and pathological femurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Y Bavil
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies (ADaPT) Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Eghan-Acquah
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies (ADaPT) Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Laura E Diamond
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies (ADaPT) Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Rod Barrett
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies (ADaPT) Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Christopher P Carty
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies (ADaPT) Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Martina Barzan
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies (ADaPT) Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Azadeh Nasseri
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies (ADaPT) Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - David G Lloyd
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies (ADaPT) Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - David J Saxby
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
- Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies (ADaPT) Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - Stefanie Feih
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
- Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies (ADaPT) Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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Anup A, Dieterich S, Oreffo ROC, Dailey HL, Lang A, Haffner-Luntzer M, Hixon KR. Embracing ethical research: Implementing the 3R principles into fracture healing research for sustainable scientific progress. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:568-577. [PMID: 38124294 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
As scientific advancements continue to reshape the world, it becomes increasingly crucial to uphold ethical standards and minimize the potentially adverse impact of research activities. In this context, the implementation of the 3R principles-Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement-has emerged as a prominent framework for promoting ethical research practices in the use of animals. This article aims to explore recent advances in integrating the 3R principles into fracture healing research, highlighting their potential to enhance animal welfare, scientific validity, and societal trust. The review focuses on in vitro, in silico, ex vivo, and refined in vivo methods, which have the potential to replace, reduce, and refine animal experiments in musculoskeletal, bone, and fracture healing research. Here, we review material that was presented at the workshop "Implementing 3R Principles into Fracture Healing Research" at the 2023 Orthopedic Research Society (ORS) Annual Meeting in Dallas, Texas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Anup
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Sandra Dieterich
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hannah L Dailey
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annemarie Lang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katherine R Hixon
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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