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Prasad P, Jaber M, Alahmadi TA, Almoallim HS, Ramu AK. Solanine Inhibits Proliferation and Angiogenesis and Induces Apoptosis through Modulation of EGFR Signaling in KB-ChR-8-5 Multidrug-Resistant Oral Cancer Cells. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4493. [PMID: 39124760 PMCID: PMC11313312 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The most important factors contributing to multi-drug resistance in oral cancer include overexpression of the EGFR protein and the downstream malignancy regulators that are associated with it. This study investigates the impact of solanine on inflammation, proliferation, and angiogenesis inhibition in multidrug-resistant oral cancer KB-Chr-8-5 cells through inhibition of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Methods: Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay to evaluate cytotoxic effects. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM), and AO/EtBr staining were analyzed to assess apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Western blotting was employed to examine protein expression related to angiogenesis, apoptosis, and signaling pathways. Experiments were conducted in triplicate. Results: Solanine treatment at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 μM significantly increased ROS production, which is indicative of its antioxidant properties. This increase was associated with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) with p < 0.05, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of EGFR led to reduced activity of PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB, resulting in decreased expression of iNOS, IL-6, Cyclin D1, PCNA, VEGF, Mcl-1, and HIF-1α and increased levels of the apoptotic proteins Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3. These changes collectively inhibited the growth of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells. Conclusions: Solanine acts as a potent disruptor of cellular processes by inhibiting the EGFR-mediated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that solanine holds promise as a potential preventive or therapeutic agent against multidrug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathibha Prasad
- Medical and Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Mohamed Jaber
- Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hesham S. Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arun Kumar Ramu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Centre for Research and Development Ponnaiyah Ramajayam Institute of Science and Technology (PRIST Deemed University), Thanjavur 613403, India
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Danos AM, Liao Y, Li X, Du W. Functional inactivation of Rb sensitizes cancer cells to TSC2 inactivation induced cell death. Cancer Lett 2012; 328:36-43. [PMID: 23022476 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We showed previously that inactivation of TSC2 induces death in cancer cells lacking the Retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor under stress conditions, suggesting that inactivation of TSC2 can potentially be used as an approach to specifically kill cancers that have lost WT Rb. As Rb is often inactivated in cancers by overexpression of cyclin D1, loss of p16(ink4a) cdk inhibitor, or expression of viral oncoproteins, it will be interesting to determine if such functional inactivation of Rb would similarly sensitize cancer cells to TSC2 inactivation induced cell death. In addition, many cancers lack functional Pten, resulting in increased PI3K/Akt signaling that has been shown to modulate E2F-induced cell death. Therefore it will be interesting to test whether loss of Pten will affect TSC2 inactivation induced killing of Rb mutant cancer cells. Here, we show that overexpression of Cyclin D1 or the viral oncogene E1a sensitizes cancer cells to TSC2 knockdown induced cell death and growth inhibition. On the other hand, knockdown of p16(ink4a) sensitizes cancer cells to TSC2 knockdown induced cell death in a manner that is likely dependant on serum induction of Cyclin D1 to inactivate the Rb function. Additionally, we demonstrate that loss of Pten does not interfere with TSC2 knockdown induced cell death in Rb mutant cancer cells. Together, these results suggest that TSC2 is potentially a useful target for a large spectrum of cancer types with an inactivated Rb pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpad M Danos
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
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Subtype and pathway specific responses to anticancer compounds in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 109:2724-9. [PMID: 22003129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1018854108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers are comprised of molecularly distinct subtypes that may respond differently to pathway-targeted therapies now under development. Collections of breast cancer cell lines mirror many of the molecular subtypes and pathways found in tumors, suggesting that treatment of cell lines with candidate therapeutic compounds can guide identification of associations between molecular subtypes, pathways, and drug response. In a test of 77 therapeutic compounds, nearly all drugs showed differential responses across these cell lines, and approximately one third showed subtype-, pathway-, and/or genomic aberration-specific responses. These observations suggest mechanisms of response and resistance and may inform efforts to develop molecular assays that predict clinical response.
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Sucularli C, Senturk S, Ozturk M, Konu O. Dose- and time-dependent expression patterns of zebrafish orthologs of selected E2F target genes in response to serum starvation/replenishment. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4111-23. [PMID: 21116857 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Targets of E2F transcription factors effectively regulate the cell cycle from worms to humans. Furthermore, the dysregulation of E2F transcription modules plays a highly conserved role in cancers of human and zebrafish. Studying E2F target expression under a given cellular state, such as quiescence, might lead to a better understanding of the conserved patterns of expression in different taxa. In the present study, we used literature searches and phylogeny to identify several targets of E2F transcription factors that are known to be serum-responsive; namely, PCNA, MYBL2, MCM7, TYMS, and CTGF. The transcriptional serum response of zebrafish orthologs of these genes were quantified under different doses (i.e., 0, 0.1, 1, 3, and 10% FBS) and time points (i.e., 6, 24 and 48 hours, h) using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in the zebrafish fibroblast cells (ZF4). Our results indicated that mRNA expression of zebrafish pcna, mybl2, mcm7 and tyms drastically decreased while that of ctgf increased with decreasing serum levels as observed in mammals. These genes responded to serum starvation at 24 and 48 h and to the mitogenic stimuli as early as 6 h except for ctgf whose expression was significantly altered at 24 h. The zebrafish Mcm7 protein levels also were modulated by serum starvation/replenishment. The present study provides a foundation for the comparative analysis of quantitative expression patterns for genes involved in regulation of cell cycle using a zebrafish serum response model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Sucularli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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Wilkey JF, Buchberger G, Saucier K, Patel SM, Eisenberg E, Nakagawa H, Michaylira CZ, Rustgi AK, Mallya SM. Cyclin D1 overexpression increases susceptibility to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced dysplasia and neoplasia in murine squamous oral epithelium. Mol Carcinog 2009; 48:853-61. [PMID: 19263437 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The cyclin D1 oncogene is frequently amplified/overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Mice with overexpression of cyclin D1 targeted to the stratified squamous epithelia of the tongue, esophagus, and forestomach develop a phenotype of epithelial dysplasia at these sites. In this study, we examined the effect of cyclin D1 overexpression on susceptibility of mice to carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis, using 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), an established potent oral carcinogen in mice. Cyclin D1 overexpressing mice and nontransgenic littermates were administered 4NQO (20 or 50 parts per million (ppm) in the drinking water) for 8 wk and monitored for an additional 16 wk. Histopathological analyses of the tongue revealed significantly higher severity of dysplasia in the cyclin D1 overexpression mice, compared with nontransgenic controls and with untreated controls. Moreover, only the cyclin D1 overexpression mice developed neoplastic lesions in the oro-esophageal epithelia. Examination of the dysplastic and neoplastic lesions revealed abnormal proliferation. Our findings suggest that cyclin D1 overexpression enhances susceptibility to carcinogen-induced oral tumorigenesis. These results underscore the importance of cyclin D1 in the process of oral neoplastic development. Further, they emphasize the value of this transgenic model to study the pathogenesis of oral precancer and cancer and establish it as a model system to test candidate agents for chemoprevention of upper aero-digestive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Wilkey
- Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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Detection of copy number amplification of cyclin D1 (CCND1) and cortactin (CTTN) in oral carcinoma and oral brushed samples from areca chewers. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:1032-6. [PMID: 19666237 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Asians is highly associated with the abuse of areca (betel) chewing. There are several hundred million Asians who chew areca and are therefore at high risk of OSCC. Aberrance in cyclin D1 (CCND1) and/or cortactin (CTTN), which are localized on 11q13, seems to be critical events for the development of oral carcinogenesis. This study identified amplifications of CCND1 and CTTN by quantitative (Q)-PCR analysis in 50% and 45% of OSCC samples, respectively. Co-amplification of both genes was identified in 20% of tumors. Higher CTTN expression was associated with nodal metastasis of the OSCC, while the amplification of CCND1 was identified in 28% of oral brushed samples from areca chewers, who form a high risk group for OSCC. This study confirms the importance of alterations in CCND1 and CTTN with respect to areca-associated OSCC, and demonstrates that there is an early occurrence of amplification of these genes in the risk population. The non-invasive brushing sampling method coupling with Q-PCR analysis needs to be validated for use as an early detection system for gene copy changes, which should aid oral cancer prevention.
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Bewick MA, Conlon MSC, Lafrenie RM. Polymorphisms in XRCC1, XRCC3, and CCND1 and Survival After Treatment for Metastatic Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:5645-51. [PMID: 17116943 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.05.9923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair and cell cycle control genes may alter protein function and therefore the efficacy of DNA damaging chemotherapy. We retrospectively evaluated the association of SNPs in DNA repair genes, XRCC1-01 (Arg399Gln) and XRCC3-01 (Thr241Met), and a cell cycle control gene, CCND1-02 (A870G), with progression-free survival (PFS) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Patients and Methods SNPs in 95 patients with MBC enrolled onto one of five prospective clinical trials of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation were evaluated using genotyping assays. Results For XRCC1-01, the hazard ratio (HR) for BCSS was 2.8 (95% CI, 1.60 to 5.00) and the HR for PFS was 2.0 (95%CI, 1.12 to 3.43). For XRCC3-01, the HR for BCSS was 2.0 (95%CI, 1.12 to 3.70) and the HR for PFS was 2.0 (95%CI, 1.09 to 3.59). For CCND1-02, the HR for BCSS was 1.8 (95%CI, 1.12 to 2.78) and the HR for PFS was 1.8 (95%CI, 1.15 to 2.85). Patients carrying one variant genotype (HR, 1.7; 95%CI, 1.07 to 2.82) or combinations of any two variant genotypes (HR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.41 to 8.94) had significantly poorer BCSS compared with patients carrying zero variants. In multivariable analysis, XRCC1-01, presence of liver metastases, and bone metastases independently predicted BCSS. Combinations of any two variant genotypes were stronger independent predictors of BCSS and PFS than the presence of liver or bone metastases. Conclusion XRCC1-01, XRCC3-01, and CCND1-01 may be predictive of survival outcome in patients with MBC treated with DNA damaging chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Bewick
- Sudbury Regional Hospital, Regional Cancer Center, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
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