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Li CX, Su Y, Wang ZY, Liu H, Gong ZC, Zhao HR. A PRISMA meta-analysis for diagnostic value of microRNA-21 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma along with bioinformatics research. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 28:739-752. [PMID: 38038839 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-023-01199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of miR-21 expression remains vague in diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to systematically evaluate the diagnostic potential of the miR-21 expression in patients with HNSCCs through investigating and summarizing the results reported in the literature. METHODS Extant medical databases were examined for articles of clinical study assessing the miR-21 expression in HNSCC cases, published in the past 20 years. Bioinformatics research was also performed for finding miR-21 targets differentially expressed in HNSCC so as to present their biological behaviors. RESULTS Our meta-analysis comprised 11 studies including 622/450 cases in HNSCC/control group. Forest plots displayed miR-21 which possessed significantly good specificity (0.76, p < 0.001) and sensitivity (0.80, p < 0.001). Diagnostic odds ratio was 2.46 (95% CI 1.87-3.24). Positive and negative likelihood ratio was 3.40 (95% CI 1.94-5.97) and 0.26 (95% CI 0.18-0.38), respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.85. CONCLUSION This study is the highest level of evidence presently available in diagnosing HNSCC. This PRISMA meta-analysis indicated that the pooled results were robust, confirming the oncogenic potential of miR-21 that could be used successfully as a screening biomarker in HNSCC patients. Specifically, the overexpression of miR-21 in these patients presents a worse survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Li
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, No. 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
- School of Stomatology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- Stomatological Research Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Ying Su
- College of Software Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Zheng-Ye Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi, 830092, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200003, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Gong
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, No. 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
- School of Stomatology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- Stomatological Research Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua-Rong Zhao
- The First Ward of Oncological Department, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
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Dioguardi M, Spirito F, Iacovelli G, Sovereto D, Laneve E, Laino L, Caloro GA, Nabi AQ, Ballini A, Lo Muzio L, Troiano G. The Potential microRNA Prognostic Signature in HNSCCs: A Systematic Review. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:54. [PMID: 37736900 PMCID: PMC10514860 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9050054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are often diagnosed at advanced stages, incurring significant high mortality and morbidity. Several microRNAs (miRs) have been identified as pivotal players in the onset and advancement of HNSCCs, operating as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Distinctive miR patterns identified in tumor samples, as well as in serum, plasma, or saliva, from patients have significant clinical potential for use in the diagnosis and prognosis of HNSCCs and as potential therapeutic targets. The aim of this study was to identify previous systematic reviews with meta-analysis data and clinical trials that showed the most promising miRs in HNSCCs, enclosing them into a biomolecular signature to test the prognostic value on a cohort of HNSCC patients according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct) and one registry (the Cochrane Library) were investigated, and a combination of keywords such as "signature microRNA OR miR" AND "HNSCC OR LSCC OR OSCC OR oral cancer" were searched. In total, 15 systematic literature reviews and 76 prognostic clinical reports were identified for the study design and inclusion process. All survival index data were extracted, and the three miRs (miR-21, miR-155, and miR-375) most investigated and presenting the largest number of patients included in the studies were selected in a molecular biosignature. The difference between high and low tissue expression levels of miR-21, miR-155, and miR-375 for OS had an HR = 1.28, with 95% CI: [0.95, 1.72]. In conclusion, the current evidence suggests that miRNAs have potential prognostic value to serve as screening tools for clinical practice in HNSCC follow-up and treatment. Further large-scale cohort studies focusing on these miRNAs are recommended to verify the clinical utility of these markers individually and/or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (E.L.); (A.B.); (L.L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Francesca Spirito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (E.L.); (A.B.); (L.L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Giovanna Iacovelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (E.L.); (A.B.); (L.L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Diego Sovereto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (E.L.); (A.B.); (L.L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Enrica Laneve
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (E.L.); (A.B.); (L.L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Luigi Laino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Apollonia Caloro
- Unità Operativa Nefrologia e Dialisi, Presidio Ospedaliero Scorrano, ASL (Azienda Sanitaria Locale) Lecce, Via Giuseppina Delli Ponti, 73020 Scorrano, Italy;
| | - Ari Qadir Nabi
- Biology Department, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan, Iraq;
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (E.L.); (A.B.); (L.L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (E.L.); (A.B.); (L.L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (E.L.); (A.B.); (L.L.M.); (G.T.)
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Zha B, Luo Y, Kamili M, Zha X. Non-coding RNAs and gastrointestinal cancers prognosis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1193665. [PMID: 37546412 PMCID: PMC10399243 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1193665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Provide an overview and a systematic evaluation of the evidence quality on the association between non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and prognosis value for gastrointestinal cancers (GICs). Methods We searched the literature from three electronic databases: Pubmed, Embase, and Web of science, then carefully screened and extracted the primary information and results from the included articles. We use A measurable systematic review and meta-analysis evaluation tool (AMSTAR2) to evaluate the quality of methodology and then use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment 2, Development and Evaluation guideline (GRADE) make sure the reliability of the meta-analysis. Results Overall, 182 meta-analyses from 58 studies were included in this study. Most of these studies are of low or very low quality. Using the scoring tool, we found that only two meta-analyses were rated as high reliability, and 17 meta-analyses were rated as medium reliability. Conclusions Although ncRNA has good prognostic value in some studies, only a tiny amount of evidence is highly credible at present. More research is needed in the future. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022382296.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zha
- The Sixth Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Luo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Muladili Kamili
- The Sixth Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaqin Zha
- Department of Blood Purification, University Affiliated Second Hospital, Nanchang, China
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The expression profiling of serum miR-92a, miR-134 and miR-375 in acute ischemic stroke. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO829. [PMID: 36874371 PMCID: PMC9979103 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2022-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the expression profile and diagnostic potentials of serum miR-92a, 134, and 375 in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Materials & methods Serum miRs-92a, 134, and 375 expression profiles were estimated by qRT-PCR for 70 AIS patients, age-matched with 25 control subjects. Their diagnostic potential was estimated by ROC analysis. Results Down-expression of miR-92a and miR-375 was found (56; 96.5%; -1.86 ± 1.36; and 53; 91.4%; -1.63 ± 1.38, respectively), while miR-134 showed a predominant upregulation (46; 79.3%; 0.853 ± 1.34). The diagnostic accuracy was the highest for miR-92a and miR-375 (area under the curve = 0.9183 and 0.898, respectively), with greater specificity for miR-375 (Sp = 96%). Conclusion Serum miR-92a and miR-375 could be promising early detective biomarkers of AIS.
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Dai F, Xie Z, Yang Q, Zhong Z, Zhong C, Qiu Y. MicroRNA-375 inhibits laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma progression via targeting CST1. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 88 Suppl 4:S108-S116. [PMID: 35953439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of miR-375 in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC) cell progression. METHODS LSCC cells (LSC-1 and TU177) were transfected with miR-375-mimic, miR-375-inhibitor or miR-375-mimic+oe-CST1. The expression of miR-375, CST1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 was measured. The effect of miR-375-mimic, miR-375-inhibitor or miR-375-mimic+oe-CST1 on cell biological functions, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, was also assessed. The potential relationship between CST1 and miR-375 was predicted by Jefferson software and validated by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS Downregulated miR-375 expression was found in LSCC cells. Overexpression of miR-375 inhibited the viability and migration and promoted apoptosis of LSCC cells. Jefferson database and dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that miR-375 directly targeted CST1. Overexpression of CST1 could reverse the anti-cancer effect of miR-375 overexpression in LSCC cells. CONCLUSION Collected evidence showed that miR-375/CST1 axis was implicated in LSCC progression. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Dai
- Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Pingxiang, China.
| | - Zuojun Xie
- Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Pingxiang, China
| | - Qiming Yang
- Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Pingxiang, China
| | - Zhuanglong Zhong
- Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Pingxiang, China
| | - Chun Zhong
- Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Pingxiang, China
| | - Yongliang Qiu
- Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Pingxiang, China
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Fang P, Zhou J, Li X, Luan S, Xiao X, Shang Q, Zhang H, Yang Y, Zeng X, Yuan Y. Prognostic value of micro-RNA 375, 133, 143, 145 in esophageal carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:828339. [PMID: 36176382 PMCID: PMC9513119 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have confirmed that micro-RNA (mir) is related to the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma (EC), suggesting the mir could be used to guide the therapeutic strategy of EC. Some of mir molecules are considered as favorable prognostic factors for EC. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the prognostic potential of mir-375, 133, 143, 145 in primary EC, we summarized all the results from available studies, aiming delineating the prognostic role of mir in EC. Relevant studies were identified by searching databases including Medline, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane Library. The studies which explored the prognostic value of mir-375, 133, 143, 145 expressions on survival outcomes in patients with EC were included in this study. The hazard ratios (HR) and their responding 95% confidence interval (CI) were also extracted. A total of 25 studies were collected, including 1260 patients, and the prognostic values of four mirs in EC were analyzed. Survival outcomes including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were used as the primary endpoint to evaluate the prognostic value of mir. The pooled analysis results showed that up-regulation of mir-375 indicated favorable OS (HR=0.50; 95%CI: 0.37-0.69; P<0.001). In addition, the up-regulation of mir-133 (HR=0.40, 95%CI: 0.24-0.65, P<0.001), 143 (HR=0.40, 95%CI: 0.21-0.76, P < 0.001) and 145 (HR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.34-0.90, P<0.001) are also proved as protected factors in EC. Therefore, our study demonstrated that these mirs may have the potential to be used as prognostic biomarkers for EC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinhao Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Luan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qixin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanlu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zeng
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Yuan,
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Thomaidou AC, Batsaki P, Adamaki M, Goulielmaki M, Baxevanis CN, Zoumpourlis V, Fortis SP. Promising Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: The Most Clinically Important miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158257. [PMID: 35897831 PMCID: PMC9367895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors that extend from the oral cavity to the upper gastrointestinal tract. The principal etiologic factors for oral tumors include tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, while human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have been accused of a high incidence of pharyngeal tumors. Accordingly, HPV detection has been extensively used to categorize carcinomas of the head and neck. The diverse nature of HNC highlights the necessity for novel, sensitive, and precise biomarkers for the prompt diagnosis of the disease, its successful monitoring, and the timely prognosis of patient clinical outcomes. In this context, the identification of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) and/or the detection of alterations in their expression patterns, in a variety of somatic fluids and tissues, could serve as valuable biomarkers for precision oncology. In the present review, we summarize some of the most frequently studied miRNAs (including miR-21, -375, -99, -34a, -200, -31, -125a/b, -196a/b, -9, -181a, -155, -146a, -23a, -16, -29, and let-7), their role as biomarkers, and their implication in HNC pathogenesis. Moreover, we designate the potential of given miRNAs and miRNA signatures as novel diagnostic and prognostic tools for successful patient stratification. Finally, we discuss the currently ongoing clinical trials that aim to identify the diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic utility of miRNAs in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsinoe C. Thomaidou
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Panagiota Batsaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (S.P.F.); Tel.: +30-210-727-3730 (V.Z.); +30-210-640-9462 (S.P.F.)
| | - Sotirios P. Fortis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (S.P.F.); Tel.: +30-210-727-3730 (V.Z.); +30-210-640-9462 (S.P.F.)
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Kahng DH, Kim GH, Park SJ, Kim S, Lee MW, Lee BE, I H. MicroRNA Expression in Plasma of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e197. [PMID: 35726148 PMCID: PMC9247724 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have a poor prognosis and there are no effective clinical biomarkers. Recently, stable microRNAs detected in the blood have been suggested as potential biomarkers in various cancers. Therefore, we investigated whether plasma microRNAs could be feasible biomarkers for ESCC. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 16 healthy volunteers and 66 ESCC patients before treatment between May 2016 and April 2021. Plasma miR-18b, miR-21, miR-31, and miR-375 expression levels were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Compared with those in healthy controls, the expression levels of plasma miR-21 were significantly higher (P = 0.022) and those of plasma miR-31 and miR-375 were significantly lower in ESCC patients (both P < 0.001). Plasma miR-18b expression levels increased in ESCC patients, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.164). The sensitivities and specificities of miR-21, miR-31, and miR-375 for differentiating ESCC patients from healthy controls were 87.5% and 61.9%, 87.5% and 98.4%, and 87.5% and 100%, respectively. There was no difference in expression levels of plasma miR-21, miR-31, and miR-375 according to clinicopathological characteristics of sex, age, tumor size and location, histologic grade, and tumor-node-metastasis stage. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that plasma miR-21, miR-31, and miR-375 could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of ESCC. Particularly, plasma miR-31 and miR-375 showed high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating ESCC patients from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwahn Kahng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Gwang Ha Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
| | - Su Jin Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sora Kim
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Pusan National University Graduate School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Moon Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Bong Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hoseok I
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Chen X, Liu Y, Liu H, Wang ZW, Zhu X. Unraveling diverse roles of noncoding RNAs in various human papillomavirus negative cancers. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108188. [PMID: 35421419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative tumors distinguish from cancers associated with HPV infection. Due to its high rate of lymph node metastasis and difficulty in inchoate discover and diagnosis, the treatment efficacy of HPV-negative cancers is unsatisfactory. Epidemiological evidence suggests that HPV-negative tumor patients have a poor prognosis, and the mortality is higher than that of cancer patients caused by HPV infection. Evidence has demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role in regulation of physiological and developmental processes. Therefore, dysregulated ncRNAs are involved in the occurrence of diversified diseases, including cancer. In cumulative studies, ncRNAs are concerned with pathogenetic mechanisms of HPV-negative tumors via regulating gene expression and signal transduction. It is important to decipher the functions of ncRNAs in HPV-negative cancers and identify the potential biomarkers, which will bring new treatment strategies for improving outcome of cancer therapy. In this review, we demonstrated the effects of ncRNAs via regulating the development and progression of HPV- negative tumors by directly or indirectly acting on target molecules, which provide a basis for future tumor targeted therapy by targeting ncRNAs for HPV-negative cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Hejing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Department of Research and Development, Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of Biological and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100161, China.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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10
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Vahabi M, Blandino G, Di Agostino S. MicroRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a possible challenge as biomarkers, determinants for the choice of therapy and targets for personalized molecular therapies. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:3090-3110. [PMID: 35116619 PMCID: PMC8797920 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are referred to a group of heterogeneous cancers that include structures of aerodigestive tract such as oral and nasal cavity, salivary glands, oropharynx, pharynx, larynx, paranasal sinuses, and local lymph nodes. HNSCC is characterized by frequent alterations of several genes such as TP53, PIK3CA, CDKN2A, NOTCH1, and MET as well as copy number increase in EGFR, CCND1, and PIK3CA. These genomic alterations play a role in terms of resistance to chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, and prediction of patient outcome. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded noncoding RNAs which are about 19-25 nucleotides. They are involved in the tumorigenesis of HNSCC including dysregulation of cell survival, proliferation, cellular differentiation, adhesion, and invasion. The discovery of the stable presence of the miRNAs in all human body made them attractive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis or as targets for novel therapeutic ways, enabling personalized treatment for HNSCC. In recent times the number of papers concerning the characterization of miRNAs in the HNSCC tumorigenesis has grown a lot. In this review, we discuss the very recent studies on different aspects of miRNA dysregulation with their clinical significance and we apologize for the many past and most recent works that have not been mentioned. We also discuss miRNA-based therapy that are being tested on patients by clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrou Vahabi
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Laboratory, via Elio Chianesi, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Laboratory, via Elio Chianesi, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
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11
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Li Y, Li X, Wang L, Han N, Yin G. miR-375-3p contributes to hypoxia-induced apoptosis by targeting forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) and Bcl2 like protein 2 (Bcl2l2) in rat cardiomyocyte h9c2 cells. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 43:353-367. [PMID: 33128129 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs have been pointed to play critical role in the development of congenital heart disease (CHD). miRNA-375-3p (miR-375-3p) was involved in cardiac dysfunction and cardiogenesis. However, no prior study had established a therapeutic role of miR-375-3p in CHD. We intended to investigate the effect and mechanism of miR-375-3p on apoptosis in hypoxic cardiomyocytes in vitro. Expression of miR-375-3p, forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) and Bcl2 like protein 2 (Bcl2l2) was detected using real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. Apoptosis was measured with MTT assay, flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assay. The potential target binding between miR-375-3p and FOXP1/Bcl2l2 was predicted on DianaTools, and was validated by luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. As a result, miR-375-3p was upregulated and FOXP1/Bcl2l2 was downregulated in maternal serum of women with fetal CHD and hypoxia-induced rat cardiomyocyte h9c2 cells. Hypoxia induced apoptosis rate elevation, caspase-3 activity promotion and viability inhibition in h9c2 cells; overexpression of miR-375-3p promoted, whereas knockdown of miR-375-3p antagonized hypoxia-induced effects in h9c2 cells. In addition, miR-375-3p was validated to negatively regulate FOXP1 and Bcl2l2 expression through target binding, and silencing of FOXP1 and Bcl2l2 could independently abate the anti-apoptosis role of miR-375-3p knockdown in hypoxic h9c2 cells. Collectively, blocking miR-375-3p suppressed hypoxia-evoked apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by targeting and upregulating FOXP1 and Bcl2l2. Our results might suggest maternal serum miR-375-3p as a potential biomarker for prenatal detection of fetal CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Central Hospital, No. 127, Siliu South Road, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Acupuncture, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Central Hospital, No. 127, Siliu South Road, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Central Hospital, No. 127, Siliu South Road, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China.
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12
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Karatas OF, Capik O, Barlak N, Aydin Karatas E. Comprehensive in silico analysis for identification of novel candidate target genes, including DHX36, OPA1, and SENP2, located on chromosome 3q in head and neck cancers. Head Neck 2020; 43:288-302. [PMID: 33006201 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major milestones of head and neck carcinogenesis have been associated with various genetic abnormalities; however, a clear picture of the molecular networks deregulated during the carcinogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) has not yet completely revealed. METHODS In this study, we used in silico tools and online data sets to evaluate the underlying reasons for the expressional changes of genes residing within the chromosome 3q and to help understanding their contributions to HNSC carcinogenesis. RESULTS We found that 13 of 20 most upregulated genes in HNSC are localized to 3q. Further analysis revealed a gene signature consisting of DHX36, OPA1, and SENP2, which showed significant correlation in HNSC samples and potentially be deregulated through similar mechanisms including DNA amplification, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional regulation. CONCLUSIONS Considering our findings, we suggest DHX36, OPA1, and SENP2 genes as overexpressed in HNSC tumors and that might be concurrently involved in HNSC carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and induction of angiogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Faruk Karatas
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozel Capik
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Neslisah Barlak
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elanur Aydin Karatas
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
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13
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Hsieh JCH, Wang HM, Wu MH, Chang KP, Chang PH, Liao CT, Liau CT. Review of emerging biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the era of immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Head Neck 2020; 41 Suppl 1:19-45. [PMID: 31573749 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) emerge rapidly in recent years, especially for new targeted therapies and immunotherapies. METHODS Recent, relevant peer-reviewed evidence were critically reviewed and summarized. RESULTS This review article briefly introduces essential biomarker concepts, including purposes and classifications (predictive, prognostic, and diagnostic markers), and the phases of biomarker development. We summarize current biomarkers in order of clinical utility; p16 and human papillomavirus status remain the most important and validated biomarkers in HNSCC. The rationale for biomarker study design continues to evolve with technological advances, especially whole-exome or whole-genomic sequencing. Noninvasive body fluid and liquid biopsy biomarkers appear to hold strong potential for development as tools for early cancer detection, cancer diagnosis, monitoring of disease recurrence, and outcome prediction. In light of discrepancies among different technologies, standardized approaches are needed. CONCLUSION Biomarkers from cancer tissue or blood in HNSCC could direct new anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hung Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ta Liao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ting Liau
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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14
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Ma HF, Lv GX, Zhang DH. miR-381 Mediates the Development of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Targeting STC2. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4485-4493. [PMID: 32547079 PMCID: PMC7247612 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s246289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective miR-381 is implicated in the occurrence and development of various cancers, yet its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains largely unknown. This study sought to research the direct target of miR-381 in HNSCC and investigate their roles in cancer progression. Methods miRNA and mRNA expression files of HNSCC were accessed from TCGA database and then processed for differential analysis. Bioinformatics databases were employed to predict the target mRNAs of the potential miRNA. qRT-PCR was conducted to determine the expression levels of the target miRNA and mRNA. Then, a series of in vitro experiments like CCK-8, colony formation assay, wound healing assay and transwell assay were performed to detect cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out for the further validation of the targeted relationship between the miRNA and mRNA. Results miR-381 was observed to be greatly down-regulated in HNSCC cells, and its overexpression could inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Besides, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that STC2 was a direct target of miR-381, and their expression levels were reversely correlated. Moreover, rescue experiments demonstrated that overexpressing STC2 could rescue the inhibitory effect of miR-381 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Also, we verified that miR-381/STC2 exerted its function on HNSCC proliferation by mediating the FAK/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion miR-381 suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in HNSCC through targeting STC2, and participates in HNSCC development probably via the FAK/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Dongyang People's Hospital, Dongyang 322100, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xiao Lv
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Dongyang People's Hospital, Dongyang 322100, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Hai Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Dongyang People's Hospital, Dongyang 322100, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yang H, Su H, Hu N, Wang C, Wang L, Giffen C, Goldstein AM, Lee MP, Taylor PR. Integrated analysis of genome-wide miRNAs and targeted gene expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and relation to prognosis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:388. [PMID: 32375686 PMCID: PMC7201714 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide and in China. We know miRNAs influence gene expression in tumorigenesis, but it is unclear how miRNAs affect gene expression or influence survival at the genome-wide level in ESCC. Methods We performed miRNA and mRNA expression arrays in 113 ESCC cases with tumor/normal matched tissues to identify dysregulated miRNAs, to correlate miRNA and mRNA expressions, and to relate miRNA and mRNA expression changes to survival and clinical characteristics. Results Thirty-nine miRNAs were identified whose tumor/normal tissue expression ratios showed dysregulation (28 down- and 11 up-regulated by at least two-fold with P < 1.92E-04), including several not previously reported in ESCC (miR-885-5p, miR-140-3p, miR-708, miR-639, miR-596). Expressions of 16 miRNAs were highly correlated with expressions of 195 genes (P < 8.42E-09; absolute rho values 0.51–0.64). Increased expressions of miRNA in tumor tissue for both miR-30e* and miR-124 were associated with increased survival (P < 0.05). Similarly, nine probes in eight of 818 dysregulated genes had RNA expression levels that were nominally associated with survival, including NF1, ASXL1, HSPA4, TGOLN2, BAIAP2, EZH2, CHAF1A, SUPT7L. Conclusions Our characterization and integrated analysis of genome-wide miRNA and gene expression in ESCC provides insights into the expression of miRNAs and their relation to regulation of RNA targets in ESCC tumorigenesis, and suggest opportunities for the future development of miRs and mRNAs as biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Yang
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hua Su
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lemin Wang
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carol Giffen
- Information Management Services, Inc, Calverton, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maxwell P Lee
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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16
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Zhang X, Liao Z, Wu Y, Yan Y, Chen S, Lin S, Chen F, Xie Q. gga-microRNA-375 negatively regulates the cell cycle and proliferation by targeting Yes-associated protein 1 in DF-1 cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:530-542. [PMID: 32537011 PMCID: PMC7281959 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) serve a key role in regulating the cell cycle and inducing tumorigenesis. Subgroup J of the avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) belongs to the family Retroviridae, subfamily Orthoretrovirinae and genus Alpharetrovirus that causes tumors in susceptible chickens. gga-miR-375 is downregulated and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is upregulated in ALV-J-induced tumors in the livers of chickens, and it has been further identified that YAP1 is the direct target gene of gga-miR-375. In the present study, it was found that ALV-J infection promoted the cell cycle and proliferation in DF-1 cells. As the cell cycle and cell proliferation are closely associated with tumorigenesis, further experiments were performed to determine whether gga-miR-375 and YAP1 were involved in these cellular processes. It was demonstrated that gga-miR-375 significantly inhibited the cell cycle by inhibiting G1 to S/G2 stage transition and decreasing cell proliferation, while YAP1 significantly promoted the cell cycle and proliferation. Furthermore, these cellular processes in DF-1 cells were affected by gga-miR-375 through the targeting of YAP1. Collectively, the present results suggested that gga-miR-375, downregulated by ALV-J infection, negatively regulated the cell cycle and proliferation via the targeting of YAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus VectorVaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Shaoli Lin
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus VectorVaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus VectorVaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
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