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Juárez-Domínguez DA, Arteaga-Contreras KM, Rangel HC. Suicide Attempt Violence: Gender Differences, Diagnosis and Psychiatric Care Seeking in Mexico City. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2024; 5:5-12. [PMID: 39023109 PMCID: PMC11249396 DOI: 10.17816/cp13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide cases in Mexico have increased during the last two years and are the second-leading cause of death in the young adult population. AIM To describe gender differences in violent suicide attempts as relates to diagnosis and the seeking of psychiatric care. METHODS A descriptive retrospective study was conducted. The referral forms of 241 patients who had attempted suicide were analyzed. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 29.1 (SD=10.8) years, n=140 (58.1%) of the sample were women. Affective disorders were the most frequent diagnoses for both sexes. Women were more likely to delay seeking psychiatric care: 60 days versus 30 days of delay for men (p=0.009). Men were shown to more frequently resort to violent suicide methods. Both women and men who used violent suicide methods were shown to delay by more days the seeking of psychiatric care than those who were found to have used non-violent suicide methods. CONCLUSION We found that patients who use more violent methods of suicide took longer before seeking psychiatric care. This delay in accessing psychiatric care can be thought to contribute to the fact that completed suicides are more frequent within that category of patients. The majority of suicide attempts occurred in the 17-24 years age group; therefore, it seems reasonable to analyze the existing barriers to seeking psychiatric care, mainly in the young adult population, and to design strategies to bring mental health services closer to this population group.
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Radeloff D, Papsdorf R, White L, Genuneit J. Suicide trends in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. Psychiatry Res 2023; 330:115555. [PMID: 38149554 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The later phase of the COVID-19 pandemic overlaps with geopolitical and economic consequences from the Ukraine war. Financial hardship and concerns about gas supply may add to pandemic factors and lead to increased suicide rates in Germany. METHODS Age- and sex-stratified suicide data from police crime statistics covering 35 % of the German population were used for an interrupted time-series analysis and for a projection of total German suicides in 2022. RESULTS For both sexes, a trend reversal from constant or declining suicide rates to an increase was observed. This increase is particularly pronounced in 2022 and mainly relates to the 60+ age group that is highly vulnerable to suicide. The projection of the overall German suicide rate is at a level last observed in 2015. CONCLUSIONS The key challenge now is to combat potential causes of this rise in suicide rates to avert the emerging upward trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Radeloff
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Rainer Papsdorf
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars White
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Koelzer SC, Verhoff MA, Toennes SW, Wunder C, Kettner M, Kern N, Reif A, Reif-Leonhard C, Schlang C, Beig I, Dichter V, Hauschild N, Lemke D, Kersten S, Holz F. Comparison of all completed suicides in Frankfurt am Main (Hessen) before and during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023:10.1007/s12024-023-00754-8. [PMID: 38017259 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
To research the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, the prevalence and characteristics of all completed suicides in the city of Frankfurt am Main were compared for a 10-month period before the pandemic (March 2019-December 2019) with one during the early pandemic (March 2020-December 2020). Medicolegal data collected in the context of the FraPPE suicide prevention project were evaluated using descriptive statistical methods. In total, there were 81 suicides during the early pandemic period, as opposed to 86 in the pre-pandemic period. Though statistically not significant, the proportion of male suicides (73%) was higher during the early pandemic period than before (63%). The age-at-death was comparable in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods (average, 54.8 vs. 53.1 years). Between these two periods, there was no difference in respect to the three most commonly used suicide methods by men: fall from a height (26% vs. 22%), intoxication, and strangulation (each 24% vs. 19%). For women, there was, however, a shift in methods from strangulation (38%), intoxication (28%), and fall from a height (19%) to fall from a height (50%), strangulation (18%), intoxication, and collision with a rail vehicle (14% each). There was a trend towards more suicides among non-German nationals during the early pandemic (suicide rate/100,000 inhabitants: German, 14.3 vs. 11.5; non-German, 4.4 vs. 8.8). Before the pandemic, 54% of the suicides were known to have a mental illness in contrast to 44% during the early pandemic. Overall, no increase in completed suicides could be observed in Frankfurt am Main during the early pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Koelzer
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M A Verhoff
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S W Toennes
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Wunder
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Kettner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N Kern
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Reif-Leonhard
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Schlang
- Health Department, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - I Beig
- Health Department, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - V Dichter
- Health Department, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N Hauschild
- Health Department, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D Lemke
- Institute of General Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S Kersten
- Police Department, Criminal Investigation Department, Fatality Bureau, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - F Holz
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Adorjan K, Stubbe HC. Insight into the long-term psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:287-288. [PMID: 36971863 PMCID: PMC10040902 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Adorjan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Hans Christian Stubbe
- Department of Medicine II, LMU University Hospital, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Yan Y, Hou J, Li Q, Yu NX. Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3346. [PMID: 36834037 PMCID: PMC9960664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing evidence to examine changes in suicide-related outcomes before and during the pandemic can inform suicide management during the COVID-19 crisis. We searched 13 databases as of December 2022 for studies reporting both the pre- and peri-pandemic prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, or rate of death by suicide. A random-effects model was used to pool the ratio of peri- and pre-pandemic prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt (Prevalence Ratio-PR) and rate of death by suicide (Rate Ratio; RR). We identified 51, 55, and 25 samples for suicidal ideation, attempt, and death by suicide. The prevalence of suicidal ideation increased significantly among non-clinical (PR = 1.142; 95% CI: 1.018-1.282; p = 0.024; k = 28) and clinical (PR = 1.134; 95% CI: 1.048-1.227; p = 0.002; k = 23) samples, and pooled estimates differed by population and study design. Suicide attempts were more prevalent during the pandemic among non-clinical (PR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.053-1.233; p = 0.001; k = 30) and clinical (PR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17-1.489; p = 0.000; k = 25) participants. The pooled RR for death by suicide was 0.923 (95% CI: 0.84-1.01; p = 0.092; k = 25), indicating a nonsignificant downward trend. An upward trend of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite suicide rate remaining stable. Our findings suggest that timely prevention and intervention programs are highly needed for non-clinical adult population and clinical patients. Monitoring the real-time and long-run suicide risk as the pandemic evolves is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yan
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianhua Hou
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nancy Xiaonan Yu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Valero-Bover D, Fradera M, Carot-Sans G, Parra I, Piera-Jiménez J, Pontes C, Palao D. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence of Suicidal Behaviors: A Retrospective Analysis of Integrated Electronic Health Records in a Population of 7.5 Million. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14364. [PMID: 36361243 PMCID: PMC9654221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused remarkable psychological overwhelming and an increase in stressors that may trigger suicidal behaviors. However, its impact on the rate of suicidal behaviors has been poorly reported. We conducted a population-based retrospective analysis of all suicidal behaviors attended in healthcare centers of Catalonia (northeast Spain; 7.5 million inhabitants) between January 2017 and June 2022 (secondary use of data routinely reported to central suicide and diagnosis registries). We retrieved data from this period, including an assessment of suicide risk and individuals' socioeconomic as well as clinical characteristics. Data were summarized yearly and for the periods before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain in March 2020. The analysis included 26,458 episodes of suicidal behavior (21,920 individuals); of these, 16,414 (62.0%) were suicide attempts. The monthly moving average ranged between 300 and 400 episodes until July 2020, and progressively increased to over 600 episodes monthly. In the postpandemic period, suicidal ideation increased at the expense of suicidal attempts. Cases showed a lower suicide risk; the percentage of females and younger individuals increased, whereas the prevalence of classical risk factors, such as living alone, lacking a family network, and a history of psychiatric diagnosis, decreased. In summary, suicidal behaviors have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with more episodes of suicidal ideation without attempts in addition to younger and lower risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damià Valero-Bover
- Catalan Health Service, Travessera de les Corts, 131-159 Edifici Olímpia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System DS3-IDIBELL, Gran via de l'Hospitalet Número 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marc Fradera
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital ParcTaulí, Parc Tauí, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Unitat Mixta de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc-UAB, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Edifici Santa Fe, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gerard Carot-Sans
- Catalan Health Service, Travessera de les Corts, 131-159 Edifici Olímpia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System DS3-IDIBELL, Gran via de l'Hospitalet Número 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isabel Parra
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital ParcTaulí, Parc Tauí, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Unitat Mixta de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc-UAB, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Edifici Santa Fe, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Piera-Jiménez
- Catalan Health Service, Travessera de les Corts, 131-159 Edifici Olímpia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System DS3-IDIBELL, Gran via de l'Hospitalet Número 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Faculty of Informatics, Multimedia and Telecommunications, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla de Poblenou 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caridad Pontes
- Catalan Health Service, Travessera de les Corts, 131-159 Edifici Olímpia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System DS3-IDIBELL, Gran via de l'Hospitalet Número 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici M Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Diego Palao
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital ParcTaulí, Parc Tauí, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Unitat Mixta de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc-UAB, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Edifici Santa Fe, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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