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Crombag GAJC, Hofman BJM, Riva F, Hofman PAM, Kerkhoff W. Extracorporeal bullet trajectory determination from scanned phantoms with bullet defects. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2024; 68:102410. [PMID: 38277715 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Shots with two different calibres (0.32 Auto and 9 mm Luger) were fired through phantoms that simulated human torsos, mounted on undercarriages with witness panels. The perforated phantoms were scanned with computed tomography (Siemens) using 80 kV and 140 kV and a slice thickness of 1 mm. The intracorporeal trajectories in the phantoms were compared to the known extracorporeal trajectories, derived from the perforations in witness panels. The discrepancy between the intracorporeal and extracorporeal trajectories, denoted as the absolute angle, was calculated for the trajectories before (front) and after (rear) the phantoms. Mean absolute angles at the front were lower than at the rear (2.27° vs. 4.54°) and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The results of the study imply that the line between the entrance and the exit wound in a scanned victim can be extended to the extracorporeal bullet trajectory leading towards the entrance wound. The absolute angles presented in this study give an impression of the expected errors with the two calibres. This can be helpful in shooting investigations to assess the position of the shooter from entrance and exit wounds in a scanned victim.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A J C Crombag
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - F Riva
- Centre universitaire de médicine légale, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole des sciences criminelles, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P A M Hofman
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - W Kerkhoff
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
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Callegari E, Agnolucci J, Angiola F, Fais P, Giorgetti A, Giraudo C, Viel G, Cecchetto G. The Precision, Inter-Rater Reliability, and Accuracy of a Handheld Scanner Equipped with a Light Detection and Ranging Sensor in Measuring Parts of the Body-A Preliminary Validation Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:500. [PMID: 38257593 PMCID: PMC10820714 DOI: 10.3390/s24020500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropometric measurements play a crucial role in medico-legal practices. Actually, several scanning technologies are employed in post-mortem investigations for forensic anthropological measurements. This study aims to evaluate the precision, inter-rater reliability, and accuracy of a handheld scanner in measuring various body parts. METHODS Three independent raters measured seven longitudinal distances using an iPad Pro equipped with a LiDAR sensor and specific software. These measurements were statistically compared to manual measurements conducted by an operator using a laser level and a meterstick (considered the gold standard). RESULTS The Friedman test revealed minimal intra-rater variability in digital measurements. Inter-rater variability analysis yielded an ICC = 1, signifying high agreement among the three independent raters. Additionally, the accuracy of digital measurements displayed errors below 1.5%. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary findings demonstrate that the pairing of LiDAR technology with the Polycam app (ver. 3.2.11) and subsequent digital measurements with the MeshLab software (ver. 2022.02) exhibits high precision, inter-rater agreement, and accuracy. Handheld scanners show potential in forensic anthropology due to their simplicity, affordability, and portability. However, further validation studies under real-world conditions are essential to establish the reliability and effectiveness of handheld scanners in medico-legal settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Callegari
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Jacopo Agnolucci
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Francesco Angiola
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Paolo Fais
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (P.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Arianna Giorgetti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (P.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Unit of Radiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padova, Italy;
| | - Guido Viel
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Giovanni Cecchetto
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
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Vicentin-Junior CA, Vieira RB, Damascena NP, Silva MC, Santiago BM, Cunha E, Issa JPM, Martins-Filho PR, Machado CEP. Differences in ballistic findings between autopsy and post-mortem computed tomography in the head and neck region of gunshot victims: a comprehensive synthesis for forensic decision-making. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:600-603. [PMID: 37662711 PMCID: PMC10471839 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Antonio Vicentin-Junior
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Bastos Vieira
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Nicole Prata Damascena
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Melina Calmon Silva
- National Center for the Dissemination of Forensic Sciences, Brazilian Federal Police, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Eugénia Cunha
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Mardegan Issa
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Palhares Machado
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Center for the Dissemination of Forensic Sciences, Brazilian Federal Police, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- National Institute of Criminalistics, Brazilian Federal Police, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Mattijssen EJ, Kerkhoff W, Hermsen R, Hes RA. Interpol review of forensic firearm examination 2019-2022. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2022; 6:100305. [PMID: 36569454 PMCID: PMC9772807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2022.100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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