Meningeal involvement of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

Chronic subdural collection overlying an intra-axial hemorrhagic lesion in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: special report and review of the literature

Introduction: Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by the presence of an absolute monocytosis in the peripheral blood (>1 x 10⁹/L) and the presence of myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative features in the bone marrow. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is uncommon in CMML.Areas covered: Herein described is a case report of a CMML patient who presents with symptomatic chronic subdural collection overlying a haemorrhagic brain lesion, along with diffuse dural infiltration, after two cycles of azacytidine. Surgical intervention was performed to alleviate the mass effect on the brain, and obtain a tissue sample for diagnosis. Histopathological report confirmed brain infiltration with myeloid leukemic cells.Expert commentary: Despite its rarity, cerebral dissemination should be considered even in patients with CMML. A multidisciplinary approach, lead by a hematologist, is mandatory in order to correct the underlying haematological disorder, with specific attention to the coagulation profile. Surgical intervention is necessary for symptomatic patients, and should be performed once an improvement of clinical conditions has been achieved. Despite appropriate surgical and medical therapy, the prognosis remains poor with high risk of perioperative complications, such as rebleeding, and progressive systemic involvement.

Expressive aphasia in a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

Various paraneoplastic autoimmune phenomena have been reported in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. We describe a patient who developed expressive aphasia as a paraneoplastic complication of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Awareness of the various possible manifestations of CMML may aid in the early recognition of the condition.