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Amodio D, Pascucci GR, Cotugno N, Rossetti C, Manno EC, Pighi C, Morrocchi E, D'Alessandro A, Perrone MA, Valentini A, Franceschini A, Chinali M, Deodati A, Azzari C, Rossi P, Cianfarani S, Andreani M, Porzio O, Palma P. Similarities and differences between myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and multiple inflammatory syndrome with cardiac involvement in children. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109751. [PMID: 37660743 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the multiple benefits of vaccination, cardiac adverse Events Following COVID-19 Immunization (c-AEFI) have been reported. These events as well as the severe cardiac involvement reported in Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) appear more frequent in young adult males. Herein, we firstly report on the inflammatory profiles of patients experiencing c-AEFI in comparison with age, pubertal age and gender matched MIS-C with cardiac involvement. Proteins related to systemic inflammation were found higher in MIS-C compared to c-AEFI, whereas a higher level in proteins related to myocardial injury was found in c-AEFI. In addition, higher levels of DHEAS, DHEA, and cortisone were found in c-AEFI which persisted at follow-up. No anti-heart muscle and anti-endothelial cell antibodies have been detected. Overall current comparative data showed a distinct inflammatory and androgens profile in c-AEFI patients which results to be well restricted on heart and to persist months after the acute event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Amodio
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rubens Pascucci
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossetti
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Concetta Manno
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Pighi
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Morrocchi
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria D'Alessandro
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Alfonso Perrone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Cardiology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; Division of Cardiology and CardioLab, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valentini
- Department of laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Franceschini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Cardiology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Chinali
- Department of Medical and Surgical Cardiology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00164 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Azzari
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00164 Rome, Italy; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Andreani
- Transplantation Immunogenetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavia Porzio
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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Edalatyzadeh Z, Aghajani M, Imani A, Faghihi M, Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Askari S, Choopani S. Cardioprotective effects of acute sleep deprivation on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Auton Neurosci 2020; 230:102761. [PMID: 33310629 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Modulation of sympathetic activity during acute sleep deprivation can produce various effects on body functions. We studied the effects of acute sleep deprivation before ischemia/reperfusion on myocardial injury in isolated rat hearts, and the role of sympathetic nervous system that may mediate these sleep deprivation induced effects. METHODS The animals were randomized into four groups (n = 11 per group): Ischemia- Reperfusion group (IR), Acute sleep deprivation group (SD), Control group for sleep deprivation (CON-SD) and Sympathectomy + ASD group (SYM-SD). In SD group, sleep deprivation paradigm was used 24 h prior to induction of ischemia/reperfusion. In SYM-SD group, the animals were chemically sympathectomized using 6-hydroxydopamine, 24 h before sleep deprivation. Then, the hearts of animals were perfused using Langendorff setup and were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Throughout the experiment, the hearts were allowed to beat spontaneously and left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and rate pressure product (RPP) were recorded. At the end of study, infarct size and percentage of the area at risk were determined. RESULTS We found that SD increased LVDP and RPP, while reducing the myocardial infarct size. Moreover, sympathectomy reversed SD induced reduction in infarct size and showed no differences as compared to IR. CONCLUSION This study shows cardioprotective effects of acute sleep deprivation, which can be abolished by chemical sympathectomy in isolated hearts of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Edalatyzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Aghajani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Imani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Occupational Sleep Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Faghihi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sahar Askari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Choopani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fedele L, Brand T. The Intrinsic Cardiac Nervous System and Its Role in Cardiac Pacemaking and Conduction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040054. [PMID: 33255284 PMCID: PMC7712215 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac autonomic nervous system (CANS) plays a key role for the regulation of cardiac activity with its dysregulation being involved in various heart diseases, such as cardiac arrhythmias. The CANS comprises the extrinsic and intrinsic innervation of the heart. The intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICNS) includes the network of the intracardiac ganglia and interconnecting neurons. The cardiac ganglia contribute to the tight modulation of cardiac electrophysiology, working as a local hub integrating the inputs of the extrinsic innervation and the ICNS. A better understanding of the role of the ICNS for the modulation of the cardiac conduction system will be crucial for targeted therapies of various arrhythmias. We describe the embryonic development, anatomy, and physiology of the ICNS. By correlating the topography of the intracardiac neurons with what is known regarding their biophysical and neurochemical properties, we outline their physiological role in the control of pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. We conclude by highlighting cardiac disorders with a putative involvement of the ICNS and outline open questions that need to be addressed in order to better understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the ICNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fedele
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (T.B.); Tel.: +44-(0)-207-594-6531 (L.F.); +44-(0)-207-594-8744 (T.B.)
| | - Thomas Brand
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (T.B.); Tel.: +44-(0)-207-594-6531 (L.F.); +44-(0)-207-594-8744 (T.B.)
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Végh AMD, Duim SN, Smits AM, Poelmann RE, Ten Harkel ADJ, DeRuiter MC, Goumans MJ, Jongbloed MRM. Part and Parcel of the Cardiac Autonomic Nerve System: Unravelling Its Cellular Building Blocks during Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3:jcdd3030028. [PMID: 29367572 PMCID: PMC5715672 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (cANS) is essential for proper heart function, and complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias and even sudden cardiac death are associated with an altered cANS function. A changed innervation state may underlie (part of) the atrial and ventricular arrhythmias observed after myocardial infarction. In other cardiac diseases, such as congenital heart disease, autonomic dysfunction may be related to disease outcome. This is also the case after heart transplantation, when the heart is denervated. Interest in the origin of the autonomic nerve system has renewed since the role of autonomic function in disease progression was recognized, and some plasticity in autonomic regeneration is evident. As with many pathological processes, autonomic dysfunction based on pathological innervation may be a partial recapitulation of the early development of innervation. As such, insight into the development of cardiac innervation and an understanding of the cellular background contributing to cardiac innervation during different phases of development is required. This review describes the development of the cANS and focuses on the cellular contributions, either directly by delivering cells or indirectly by secretion of necessary factors or cell-derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M D Végh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sjoerd N Duim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Anke M Smits
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert E Poelmann
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 20, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Arend D J Ten Harkel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco C DeRuiter
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marie José Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Sympathetic innervation induced in engrafted engineered cardiomyocyte sheets by glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor in vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:532720. [PMID: 24066291 PMCID: PMC3771253 DOI: 10.1155/2013/532720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of myocardial tissue engineering is to repair or regenerate damaged myocardium with engineered cardiac tissue. However, this strategy has been hampered by lack of functional integration of grafts with native myocardium. Autonomic innervation may be crucial for grafts to function properly with host myocardium. In this study, we explored the feasibility of in vivo induction of autonomic innervation to engineered myocardial tissue using genetic modulation by adenovirus encoding glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). GFP-transgene (control group) or GDNF overexpressing (GDNF group) engineered cardiomyocyte sheets were transplanted on cryoinjured hearts in rats. Nerve fibers in the grafts were examined by immunohistochemistry at 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively. Growth associated protein-43 positive growing nerves and tyrosine hydroxylase positive sympathetic nerves were first detected in the grafts at 2 weeks postoperatively in control group and 1 week in GDNF group. The densities of growing nerve and sympathetic nerve in grafts were significantly increased in GDNF group. No choline acetyltransferase immunopositive parasympathetic nerves were observed in grafts. In conclusion, sympathetic innervation could be effectively induced into engrafted engineered cardiomyocyte sheets using GDNF.
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Axon guidance of sympathetic neurons to cardiomyocytes by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). PLoS One 2013; 8:e65202. [PMID: 23843937 PMCID: PMC3701054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular signaling of cardiac autonomic innervation is an unresolved issue. Here, we show that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes cardiac sympathetic innervation in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, ventricular myocytes (VMs) and sympathetic neurons (SNs) isolated from neonatal rat ventricles and superior cervical ganglia were cultured at a close distance. Then, morphological and functional coupling between SNs and VMs was assessed in response to GDNF (10 ng/ml) or nerve growth factor (50 ng/ml). As a result, fractions of neurofilament-M-positive axons and synapsin-I-positive area over the surface of VMs were markedly increased with GDNF by 9-fold and 25-fold, respectively, compared to control without neurotrophic factors. Pre- and post-synaptic stimulation of β1-adrenergic receptors (BAR) with nicotine and noradrenaline, respectively, resulted in an increase of the spontaneous beating rate of VMs co-cultured with SNs in the presence of GDNF. GDNF overexpressing VMs by adenovirus vector (AdGDNF-VMs) attracted more axons from SNs compared with mock-transfected VMs. In vivo, axon outgrowth toward the denervated myocardium in adult rat hearts after cryoinjury was also enhanced significantly by adenovirus-mediated GDNF overexpression. GDNF acts as a potent chemoattractant for sympathetic innervation of ventricular myocytes, and is a promising molecular target for regulation of cardiac function in diseased hearts.
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Airavaara M, Pletnikova O, Doyle ME, Zhang YE, Troncoso JC, Liu QR. Identification of novel GDNF isoforms and cis-antisense GDNFOS gene and their regulation in human middle temporal gyrus of Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:45093-102. [PMID: 22081608 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.310250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Primate-specific genes and isoforms could provide insight into human brain diseases. Our bioinformatic analysis revealed that there are possibly five isoforms of human GDNF gene with different pre- and pro-regions by inter- and intra-exon splicing. By using TaqMan primer probe sets, designed between exons, we verified the expression of all isoforms. Furthermore, a novel GDNFOS gene was found to be transcribed from the opposite strand of GDNF gene. GDNFOS gene has four exons that are spliced into different isoforms. GDNFOS1 and GDNFOS2 are long noncoding RNAs, and GDNFOS3 encodes a protein of 105 amino acids. To study human GDNF and GDNFOS regulation in neurodegenerative diseases, the protein and mRNA levels were measured by Western blot and RT-quantitative PCR, respectively, in postmortem middle temporal gyrus (MTG) of Alzheimer disease (AD) and Huntington disease (HD) patients in comparison with those of normal controls. In the MTG of AD patients, the mature GDNF peptide was down-regulated; however, the transcript of GDNF isoform from human exon 2 was up-regulated, whereas that of the conserved isoform from exon 1 remained unchanged in comparison with those of normal controls. In contrast, the mature GDNF peptide and the isoform mRNA levels were not changed in the MTG of HD. The findings of novel GDNF and GDNFOS isoforms and differences in tissue expression patterns dysregulated in AD brains may further reveal the role of endogenous GDNF in human brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Airavaara
- Neural Protection and Regeneration Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Social Services, Baltimore, Maryland21224, USA
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Martinelli PM, da Costa Rocha MO, Teixeira AL, do Carmo Pereira Nunes M, da Silva Camargos ER. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is up regulated in chronic Chagas disease. Int J Cardiol 2011; 149:277-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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9
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Miwa K, Lee JK, Takagishi Y, Opthof T, Fu X, Kodama I. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) enhances sympathetic neurite growth in rat hearts at early developmental stages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:353-61. [PMID: 21187646 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.31.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular signaling of sympathetic innervation of myocardium is an unresolved issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neurotrophic factors on sympathetic neurite growth towards cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes (CMs) and sympathetic neurons (SNs) were isolated from neonatal rat hearts and superior cervical ganglia, and were co-cultured, either in a random or localized way. Neurite growth from SNs toward CMs was assessed by immunohistochemistry for neurofilament M and α-actinin in response to neurotrophic factors-nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and a chemical repellent, semaphorin 3A. As a result, GDNF as well as NGF and BDNF stimulated neurite growth. GDNF enhanced neurite outgrowth even under the NGF-depleted culture condition, excluding an indirect effect of GDNF via NGF. Quantification of mRNA and protein by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry at different developmental stages revealed that GDNF is abundantly expressed in the hearts of embryos and neonates, but not in adult hearts. GDNF plays an important role in inducing cardiac sympathetic innervation at the early developmental stages. A possible role in (re)innervation of injured or transplanted or cultured and transplanted myocardium may deserve investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Miwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Kim HW, Kang SY, Yoon SY, Roh DH, Kwon YB, Han HJ, Lee HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH. Low-frequency electroacupuncture suppresses zymosan-induced peripheral inflammation via activation of sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons. Brain Res 2007; 1148:69-75. [PMID: 17367766 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) is used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases; however, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying EA's anti-inflammatory effect remain unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that the sympathetic nervous system regulates immunologic and inflammatory responses and thus we hypothesized that this system could be involved in EA's anti-inflammatory effect (EA-AI). The goal of the present study was to evaluate whether the sympathetic nervous system plays a critical role in EA-AI using a mouse air pouch inflammation model. We found that bilateral low-frequency (1 Hz) EA applied to the Zusanli acupoint significantly suppressed the number of zymosan-induced leukocytes migrating into the air pouch. Furthermore, double-labeling immunohistochemical experiments showed that EA stimulation increased Fos expression in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral region of thoracic spinal cord segments. Chemical sympathetic denervation by intraperitoneal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (which spares sympathetic adrenal medullary innervation) significantly inhibited EA-AI. In contrast, adrenalectomy did not alter EA-AI. Finally, systemic propranolol administration significantly inhibited EA's anti-inflammatory effect, suggesting that beta-adrenoceptors are involved. Collectively, these results suggest that EA produces an anti-inflammatory effect in this mouse air pouch model by activating the sympathetic nervous system leading to the release of catecholamines from post-ganglionic nerve terminals, which act on beta-adrenoceptors on immune cells to inhibit their migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Martinelli PM, Camargos ERDS, Azevedo AA, Chiari E, Morel G, Machado CRDS. Cardiac NGF and GDNF expression during Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rats. Auton Neurosci 2006; 130:32-40. [PMID: 16854632 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In rats, autonomic nerve endings are damaged during Trypanosoma cruzi-induced myocarditis. Gradual recovery occurs after the acute phase. The present work shows the cardiac levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), and their cellular sources during T. cruzi infection in rats. Atrial and ventricular NGF levels (ELISA) increased significantly at day 20 post inoculation, the time-point of maximal sympathetic denervation. ELISA failed to show significant increase of cardiac GDNF levels. However immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase of anti-GDNF gold particles over atrial granules at day 20. Light microscopy showed stronger NGF immunostaining in atrial cardiomyocytes and several blood capillaries. In situ hybridization showed NGF and GDNF mRNAs in atrial and ventricular myocytes of both infected and uninfected animals. Endothelial cells exhibited NGF mRNA and protein only in infected rats. No evidence of neurotrophic factor expression by the infiltrating mononuclear cells was found. This is the first report on neurotrophic factor expression during T. cruzi infection. Our findings indicate an important role for NGF in the regenerative phenomena subsequent to a myocarditis able to damage sympathetic nerve endings, with preservation of preterminals and nerve trunks. GDNF could have a minor or a more transient participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Massara Martinelli
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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12
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Yoon SY, Kim HW, Roh DH, Kwon YB, Jeong TO, Han HJ, Lee HJ, Choi SM, Ryu YH, Beitz AJ, Lee JH. The anti-inflammatory effect of peripheral bee venom stimulation is mediated by central muscarinic type 2 receptors and activation of sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Brain Res 2005; 1049:210-6. [PMID: 15953592 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Revised: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effect (AI) induced by peripheral injection of diluted bee venom (dBV) involves activation of spinal cord circuits and is mediated by catecholamine release from adrenal medulla, but the precise neuronal mechanisms involved are not fully understood. In a recent study, we demonstrated that an increase in spinal acetylcholine is involved in mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of dBV and that this mediation also involves adrenomedullary activation. The present study utilized the mouse air pouch inflammation model to evaluate the involvement of spinal acetylcholine receptors and sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in dBV's anti-inflammatory effect (dBVAI). Intrathecal (IT) pretreatment with atropine (muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) but not hexamethonium (nicotinic cholinergic antagonist) significantly suppressed dBVAI on zymosan-evoked leukocyte migration. Subsequent experiments showed that IT pretreatment with methoctramine (a muscarinic receptor type 2; M(2) antagonist), but not pirenzepine (an M(1) antagonist) or 4-DAMP (an M(3) antagonist), suppressed the dBVAI. In addition, dBV stimulation specifically increased Fos expression in SPNs of the T7-T11, but not the T1-T6 or T12-L2 spinal cord segments, in animals with zymosan-induced inflammation. Moreover, IT methoctramine pretreatment suppressed this dBV-induced Fos expression specifically in SPNs of T7-T11 level. Peripheral sympathetic denervation using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatment (which spares sympathetic adrenal medullary innervation) did not alter dBVAI. Collectively these results indicate that dBV stimulation leads to spinal cord acetylcholine release that in turn acts on spinal M(2) receptors, which via a hypothesized disinhibition mechanism activates SPNs that project to the adrenal medulla. This activation ultimately leads to the release of adrenal catecholamines that contribute to dBVAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Yeon Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Asan E. Progress in focus: recent advances in histochemistry and cell biology. Histochem Cell Biol 2002; 118:507-25. [PMID: 12483316 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-002-0480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Advances in histochemical and cell biological techniques enable increasingly refined investigations into the cellular and subcellular distribution of specific molecules and into their role in dynamic processes; thus progress in these fields complements the growing knowledge in genomics and proteomics. The present review summarizes recent technical progress and novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Asan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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