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de Oliveira GHO, do Nascimento SB, de Oliveira FM, Belo VS, de Alencar Danda LJ, Soares-Sobrinho JL, Fialho SL, Bedor DCG, de Castro WV. Systematic evaluation of the impact of solid-state polymorphism on the bioavailability of thalidomide. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 136:104937. [PMID: 31128208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Thalidomide (TLD) is used to treat erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), multiple myeloma, aphthous ulceration and wasting syndrome in HIV patients. The API can be found in two crystalline habits known as α-TLD and β-TLD. The saturation solubility (Cs) and the dissolution profiles under non-sink and sink conditions of both polymorphs were assessed. In addition, mini-capsules containing α-TLD or β-TLD without excipients were orally given (10 mg/kg) to Wistar rats. An intravenous (i.v.) dose was also administrated (5 mg/kg). The Cs values for α-TLD and β-TLD were not significantly different (α = 56.2 ± 0.5 μg·mL-1; β = 55.2 ± 0.2 μg·mL-1). However, the dissolution profile of α-TLD presented the fastest rate and the largest extension of drug dissolution than that from β-TLD (80% in 4 h versus 55% in 4 h). The α-TLD provided a more favorable pharmacokinetic than the β-TLD (maximum plasma concentration - Cmax: 5.4 ± 0.90 μg·mL-1versus 2.6 ± 0.2 μg·mL-1; area under the curve of the concentration-time profile from time zero to infinity - AUC0-∞: 44.3 ± 8.8 μg·h·mL-1versus 33.9 ± 4.7 μg·h·mL-1; absolute bioavailability - F: 92.2 ± 18.5% versus 70.5 ± 9.9%, respectively). Drug suppliers and pharmaceutical companies should strictly control the technological processes involved in the TLD API synthesis as well as in the production of the pharmaceutical dosage form in order to guarantee the inter-batch homogeneity and therefore, product compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Henrique Onório de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - UFJS, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG CEP: 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Sara Batista do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - UFJS, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG CEP: 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Flávio Martins de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - UFJS, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG CEP: 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Silva Belo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - UFJS, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG CEP: 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Lucas José de Alencar Danda
- Núcleo Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Correlatos - NCQMC, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. Artur de Sá, S/N. Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE CEP: 50740-520, Brazil
| | - José Lamartine Soares-Sobrinho
- Núcleo Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Correlatos - NCQMC, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. Artur de Sá, S/N. Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE CEP: 50740-520, Brazil
| | - Silvia Ligório Fialho
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro, 80, Gameleira, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP: 30510-010, Brazil
| | - Danilo César Galindo Bedor
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Farmacêutico e Cosmético - NUDFAC, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Artur de Sá, S/N. Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE CEP: 50740-520, Brazil
| | - Whocely Victor de Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - UFJS, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG CEP: 35501-296, Brazil.
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Chang X, Zhu Y, Shi C, Stewart AK. Mechanism of immunomodulatory drugs' action in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:240-53. [PMID: 24374776 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide, are widely used in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), the molecular mechanism of IMiDs' action is largely unknown. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the application of IMiDs in MM cancer treatment as well as their effects on immunomodulatory activities, anti-angiogenic activities, intervention of cell surface adhesion molecules between myeloma cells and bone marrow stromal cells, anti-inflammatory activities, anti-proliferation, pro-apoptotic effects, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cell migration and metastasis. In addition, the potential IMiDs' target protein, IMiDs' target protein's functional role, and the potential molecular mechanisms of IMiDs resistance will be discussed. We wish, by presentation of our naive discussion, that this review article will facilitate further investigation in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubao Chang
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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Raje N, Hideshima T, Anderson KC. Therapeutic use of immunomodulatory drugs in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 6:1239-47. [PMID: 17020458 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.6.9.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory drugs, such as thalidomide, lenalidomide (Revlimid, CC-5013) and actimid (CC-4047), have a broad spectrum of activity and have shown remarkable responses in patients with multiple myeloma and related hematological diseases, such as myelodysplastic syndrome. They are currently being tested in other cancer types. This review will focus on the preclinical and clinical activity of thalidomide and its more potent immunomodulatory derivatives that are used to treat multiple myeloma. They represent a new class of antitumor agents that not only target the tumor cell directly, but also have significant activity within the bone marrow milieu. These agents have shown high responses in all phases of multiple myeloma, including the upfront setting, relapsed refractory stage and also as maintenance therapy for the disease. They have been used in combination with dexamethasone, chemotherapy and, more recently, with other novel agents, such as proteasome inhibitors. Thalidomide and lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone have recently been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Raje
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Detection of the Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Marker CD133 during Angiogenesis in Three-Dimensional Collagen Gel Culture. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:927403. [PMID: 23864867 PMCID: PMC3706061 DOI: 10.1155/2013/927403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We detected the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell marker CD133 using immunogold labeling during angiogenesis in a three-dimensional collagen gel culture. CD133-positive cells were present in capillary tubes newly formed from aortic explants in vitro. The CD133-positive cell population had the capacity to form capillary tubes. Lovastatin strongly inhibited cell migration from aortic explants and caused the degradation of the capillary tubes. The present study provides insight into the function of CD133 during angiogenesis as well as an explanation for the antiangiogenic effect of statins.
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Paiva RT, Saliba AM, Fulco TO, Sales JDS, de Carvalho DS, Sampaio EP, Lopes UG, Sarno EN, Nobre FF. A framework to identify gene expression profiles in a model of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide after treatment with thalidomide. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:292. [PMID: 22695124 PMCID: PMC3434117 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic drug currently used for the treatment of several diseases, including erythema nodosum leprosum, which occurs in patients with lepromatous leprosy. In this research, we use DNA microarray analysis to identify the impact of thalidomide on gene expression responses in human cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We employed a two-stage framework. Initially, we identified 1584 altered genes in response to LPS. Modulation of this set of genes was then analyzed in the LPS stimulated cells treated with thalidomide. RESULTS We identified 64 genes with altered expression induced by thalidomide using the rank product method. In addition, the lists of up-regulated and down-regulated genes were investigated by means of bioinformatics functional analysis, which allowed for the identification of biological processes affected by thalidomide. Confirmatory analysis was done in five of the identified genes using real time PCR. CONCLUSIONS The results showed some genes that can further our understanding of the biological mechanisms in the action of thalidomide. Of the five genes evaluated with real time PCR, three were down regulated and two were up regulated confirming the initial results of the microarray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata T Paiva
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Vallet S, Witzens-Harig M, Jaeger D, Podar K. Update on immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) in hematologic and solid malignancies. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 13:473-94. [PMID: 22324734 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2012.656091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thalidomide and its analogs [small molecule immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs®)] are among the most successful new therapeutic agents of recent years. Thalidomide is now an integral part of multiple myeloma (MM) therapy. Lenalidomide has been approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed MM and 5q-myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Currently, more than 400 clinical trials are evaluating the activity of lenalidomide, alone or in combination with other conventional or novel therapies, in newly diagnosed MM and 5q-MDS. Based on their broad range of actions within the tumor microenvironment, IMiDs are currently also evaluated in a wide variety of additional hematologic and solid malignancies. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews the historic development of thalidomide and its derivatives and presents novel insights into their mode of action. Moreover, it discusses up-to-date clinical trials investigating IMiDs and potential future research and therapeutic perspectives in MM and other malignancies. EXPERT OPINION Although IMiDs have emerged as powerful agents for the treatment of hematologic and solid tumors, more preclinical and clinical studies are urgently needed both to increase our knowledge of their mechanisms of action, and to optimize their clinical use, in order to further improve the patient's quality of life and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vallet
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)/ University of Heidelberg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Hideshima T, Raje N, Richardson PG, Anderson KC. A review of lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2011; 4:129-36. [PMID: 18728702 PMCID: PMC2503648 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lenalidomide (also known as Revlimid®, CC-5013) is an immunomodulatory derivative of thalidomide and has more potent anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects than thalidomide. The molecular mechanisms of anti-tumor activity of lenalidomide have been extensively studied in multiple myeloma (MM) both preclinical models and in clinical trials. Lenalidomide: directly triggers growth arrest and/or apoptosis of drug resistant MM cells; inhibits binding of MM cells to bone marrow (BM) extracellular matrix proteins and stromal cells; modulates cytokine secretion and inhibits angiogenesis in the BM milieu; and augments host anti-tumor immunity. Lenalidomide achieved responses in patients with relapsed refractory MM. Moreover, lenalidomide with dexamethasone (Dex) demonstrates more potent anti-MM activities than Dex both in vitro and in randomized phase III clinical trials. Specifically, the combination improved overall and extent of response, as well as prolonged time to progression and overall survival, resulting in FDA approval of lenalidomide with Dex for therapy MM relapsing after prior therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teru Hideshima
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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Galustian C, Dalgleish A. Lenalidomide: a novel anticancer drug with multiple modalities. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008; 10:125-33. [DOI: 10.1517/14656560802627903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Akita M, Fujita K. DNA Micro-Array Gene Expression Profiling of Angiogenesis in Collagen Gel Culture. Clin Med Cardiol 2008. [DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Akita
- Division of Morphological Science, Biomedical Research Center, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Keiko Fujita
- Department of Anatomy, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
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Tamilarasan KP, Kolluru GK, Rajaram M, Indhumathy M, Saranya R, Chatterjee S. Thalidomide attenuates nitric oxide mediated angiogenesis by blocking migration of endothelial cells. BMC Cell Biol 2006; 7:17. [PMID: 16584574 PMCID: PMC1456963 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-7-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent, which arrests angiogenesis. The mechanism of anti-angiogenic activity of thalidomide is not fully understood. As nitric oxide is involved in angiogenesis, we speculate a cross-talk between thalidomide and nitric oxide signaling pathway to define angiogenesis. The aim of present study is to understand the mechanistic aspects of thalidomide-mediated attenuation of angiogenesis induced by nitric oxide at the cellular level. METHODS To study the cellular mechanism of thalidomide-mediated blocking of angiogenesis triggered by nitric oxide, we used two endothelial cell based models: 1) wound healing and 2) tube formation using ECV 304, an endothelial cell line. These cell-based models reflect pro-angiogenic events in vivo. We also studied the effects of thalidomide on nitric oxide mediated egg yolk angiogenesis. Thalidomide could block the formation of blood vessels both in absence and presence of nitric oxide. Thalidomide effects on migration of, and actin polymerization in, ECV 304 cells were studied at the single cell level using live cell imaging techniques and probes to detect nitric oxide. RESULTS Results demonstrate that thalidomide blocks nitric oxide-mediated angiogenesis in egg yolk model and also reduces the number of tubes formed in endothelial cell monolayers. We also observed that thalidomide arrests wound healing in presence and absence of nitric oxide in a dose-dependent fashion. Additionally, thalidomide promotes actin polymerization and antagonizes the formation of membrane extensions triggered by nitric oxide in endothelial cells. Experiments targeting single tube structure with thalidomide, followed by nitric oxide treatment, show that the tube structures are insensitive to thalidomide and nitric oxide. These observations suggest that thalidomide interferes with nitric oxide-induced migration of endothelial cells at the initial phase of angiogenesis before cells co-ordinate themselves to form organized tubes in endothelial cells and thereby inhibits angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Thalidomide exerts inhibitory effects on nitric oxide-mediated angiogenesis by altering sub-cellular actin polymerization pattern, which leads to inhibition of endothelial cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- KP Tamilarasan
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Megha Rajaram
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - M Indhumathy
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
- Worked as summer students in June-July 2005. They are B.Tech students from the
Vivekanandhaa College of Engineering for Women, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, TN, India
| | - R Saranya
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
- Worked as summer students in June-July 2005. They are B.Tech students from the
Vivekanandhaa College of Engineering for Women, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, TN, India
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
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Hideshima T, Richardson PG, Anderson KC. Current therapeutic uses of lenalidomide in multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 15:171-9. [PMID: 16433596 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.15.2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thalidomide has demonstrated a broad spectrum of pharmacological and immunological effects, with potential therapeutic applications that span a wide spectrum of diseases: cancer and related conditions; infectious diseases; autoimmune diseases; dermatological diseases; and other disorders such as sarcoidosis, macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Immunomodulatory derivative lenalidomide has more potent antitumour and anti-inflammatory effects. The molecular mechanisms of antitumour activity of lenalidomide have been extensively studied in multiple myeloma (MM). It directly induces growth arrest and/or apoptosis of even drug-resistant MM cells; inhibits binding of MM cells to bone marrow extracellular matrix proteins and stromal cells; modulates cytokine secretion and inhibits angiogenesis in the bone marrow milieu; and augments host antitumour immunity. Importantly, lenalidomide induces significant clinical responses even in patients with relapsed/refractory MM. Therefore, lenalidomide represents a new class of antitumour agents that is useful in the treatment of MM. Lenalidomide has received fast track designation from the FDA for the treatment of MM and myelodysplastic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teru Hideshima
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Fujita K, Komatsu K, Tanaka K, Ohshima S, Asami Y, Murata E, Akita M. An in vitro model for studying vascular injury after laser microdissection. Histochem Cell Biol 2005; 125:509-14. [PMID: 16292658 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-005-0106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an in vitro model for studying vascular injury. After 7-10 days in a three-dimensional collagen gel culture, capillary-like tubes were formed in the collagen gels. We injured these capillary-like tubes with a laser microdissection system or a scrape method with razors and then examined the collagen gel culture by phase contrast and electron microscopy. After laser injury, profuse necrotic cells were observed around the injured capillary-like tubes and within the tubular lumen compared to the razor injury. We then isolated total RNA from these cultures and prepared cDNA for investigations by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Quantitative real time RT-PCR revealed the up-regulation of transcription factor early growth response-1 (Egr-1) after both laser and razor injury, accompanied by the up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), a proangiogenic factor downstream of Egr-1. The effective laser energy is concentrated on the minute focal spot only. These methods provide a useful in vitro model for studying vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Fujita
- Department of Anatomy, Saitama Medical School, 38 Moroyama, Iruma-gun, 350-0495, Saitama, Japan.
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. Recent progress in histochemistry and cell biology: the state of the art 2005. Histochem Cell Biol 2005; 124:547-74. [PMID: 16283358 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-005-0110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the field of histochemistry, a multidisciplinary area including the detection, localization and functional characterization of molecules in single cells and complex tissues, often drives the attainment of new knowledge in the broadly defined discipline of cell biology. These two disciplines, histochemistry and cell biology, have been joined in this journal to facilitate the flow of information with celerity from technical advancement in histochemical procedures, to their utilization in experimental models. This review summarizes advancements in these fields during the past year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Microscopy Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Downs LS, Rogers LM, Yokoyama Y, Ramakrishnan S. Thalidomide and angiostatin inhibit tumor growth in a murine xenograft model of human cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 98:203-10. [PMID: 15975645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2004] [Revised: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of thalidomide and angiostatin on tumor growth, angiogenesis, and apoptosis in a xenograft model of cervical cancer. METHODS Human umbilical endothelial cells were treated with angiostatin or thalidomide and bFGF-induced proliferation was assessed with the MTT assay. Human cervical cancer cells (CaSki and SiHa) were injected into the flanks of nude mice. After tumors developed, mice were treated with angiostatin 20 mg/kg/day or thalidomide 200 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Fractional tumor growth was determined and immunohistochemical analysis of tumors was used to determine degree of angiogenesis. TUNEL assay was used to assess apoptosis. RESULTS Angiostatin inhibited endothelial cell proliferation by 50-60%. Thalidomide had no direct effect on endothelial cells. Angiostatin and thalidomide both inhibited tumor growth by about 55%. We found no additive or synergistic effect when the two agents were combined. Both agents inhibited angiogenesis and induced apoptosis when compared to tumors from control animals. CONCLUSIONS Angiostatin and thalidomide inhibit tumor growth, angiogenesis, and induce apoptosis in this xenograft model of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi S Downs
- The University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 395, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Asan E, Drenckhahn D. News and views in Histochemistry and Cell Biology. Histochem Cell Biol 2004; 122:593-621. [PMID: 15614519 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-004-0735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in histochemical methodology and ingenious applications of novel and improved methods continue to confirm the standing of morphological means and approaches in research efforts, and contribute significantly to increasing our knowledge about structures and functions in all areas of the life sciences from cell biology to pathology. Reports published during recent months documenting this progress are summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Asan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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