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Roth J, Yam GHF, Fan J, Hirano K, Gaplovska-Kysela K, Le Fourn V, Guhl B, Santimaria R, Torossi T, Ziak M, Zuber C. Protein quality control: the who's who, the where's and therapeutic escapes. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 129:163-77. [PMID: 18075753 PMCID: PMC2228381 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-007-0366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In cells the quality of newly synthesized proteins is monitored in regard to proper folding and correct assembly in the early secretory pathway, the cytosol and the nucleoplasm. Proteins recognized as non-native in the ER will be removed and degraded by a process termed ERAD. ERAD of aberrant proteins is accompanied by various changes of cellular organelles and results in protein folding diseases. This review focuses on how the immunocytochemical labeling and electron microscopic analyses have helped to disclose the in situ subcellular distribution pattern of some of the key machinery proteins of the cellular protein quality control, the organelle changes due to the presence of misfolded proteins, and the efficiency of synthetic chaperones to rescue disease-causing trafficking defects of aberrant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Roth
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, University Eye Centre, Mongkok, Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Jingyu Fan
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biophysics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kiyoko Hirano
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003 Japan
| | - Katarina Gaplovska-Kysela
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Le Fourn
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Guhl
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Santimaria
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tania Torossi
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ziak
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Zuber
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Proteins following the secretory pathway acquire their proper tertiary and in certain cases also quaternary structures in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Incompletely folded species are retained in the ER and eventually degraded. One of the molecular mechanisms by which cells achieve this conformational sorting is based on monoglucosylated N-glycans (Glc1Man5-9GlcNAc2) present on nascent glycoproteins in the ER. This chapter discusses two of the steps that regulate the abundance of such N-glycan structures, including glycoprotein deglucosylation (by glucosidase II) and reglucosylation (by the UDP-Glc:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase), as well as an overview of methods to evaluate the N-glycans prevalent during glycoprotein biogenesis in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sergio Trombetta
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208002, New Haven, CT 06520-8002, USA.
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Torre-Bouscoulet ME, López-Romero E, Balcázar-Orozco R, Calvo-Méndez C, Flores-Carreón A. Partial purification and biochemical characterization of a soluble α-glucosidase II-like activity fromCandida albicans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Roth J, Ziak M, Zuber C. The role of glucosidase II and endomannosidase in glucose trimming of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Biochimie 2003; 85:287-94. [PMID: 12770767 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(03)00049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review covers various aspects of glucose trimming reactions occurring on asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Structural and functional features of two enzymes, glucosidase II and endo-alpha-mannosidase, prominently involved in this process are summarized and their striking differences in terms of substrate specificities are highlighted. Recent results of analyses by immunoelectron microscopy of their distribution pattern are presented which demonstrate that glucose trimming is not restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but additionally is a function accommodated by the Golgi apparatus. The mutually exclusive subcellular distribution of glucosidase II and endomannosidase are discussed in terms of their significance for quality control of protein folding and N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Roth
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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