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Yema DPR, Wong VWH, Ho FYY. The prevalence of common mental disorders, stress, and sleep disturbance among international migrant workers: A meta-analysis with subgroup analysis. J Affect Disord 2025; 381:436-450. [PMID: 40180048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/30/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
International migrant workers face an elevated risk of common mental disorders (CMDs), stress, and sleep disturbances due to various individual, psychosocial, and occupational factors. This meta-analysis systematically evaluated the prevalence of CMDs, stress, and sleep disturbance among international migrant workers. Two independent reviewers systematically searched the literature on five electronic databases from inception to June 2022. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, stress, and sleep disturbance among international migrant workers. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted to examine potential modifiers for the prevalence rates. Of 8461 records, 57 studies (n = 29,481) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, stress, and sleep disturbance were 20.3 %, 17.8 %, 17.3 %, and 25.3 %, respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that the prevalence of CMDs and stress was statistically significantly modified by country of destination and type of work, stress by gender and country of origin, and anxiety by migration type. Potential publication bias was observed only in the meta-analysis of stress. Most of the studies included were of moderate to high methodological quality. However, given that the included studies were predominantly cross-sectional and used non-probability sampling, the results should be interpreted with caution. This meta-analysis highlights that CMDs, stress, and sleep disturbances are prevalent among international migrant workers, posing a significant public health concern for host countries. These findings underscore the urgent need for tailored mental health interventions for specific subgroups within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fiona Yan-Yee Ho
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Alali SM, Abdalla DKH, Alsaqabi A, Al-Kandari H, Mahomed O. Generalised anxiety disorder and its determinants amongst patients with diabetes in primary healthcare clinics: a cross-sectional study in Kuwait City, 2024. BMC Public Health 2025; 25:188. [PMID: 39819396 PMCID: PMC11740612 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-21150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are the second most common mental health disorders in terms of disability-adjusted life years and years of life lost across all age groups. A bidirectional relationship between anxiety disorders and diabetes mellitus has been documented. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety and its associated factors among patients with diabetes receiving care at public primary care clinics in Kuwait during the first quarter of 2024. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted in the first quarter of 2024 at three primary healthcare centres within the Capital Governate in Kuwait City. Adults with diabetes mellitus for longer than six months duration were requested to participate by the health promoters and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder questionnaire was shared via a mobile link/QR scan. Data were collected through self-or interviewer-administered surveys, cleaned and coded in Microsoft Excel, and analysed using STATA version 18. Descriptive analysis was initially conducted followed by bivariate and multivariate analysis with a p < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval used to determine the association between demographic and clinical factors and GAD. RESULTS A total of 554 patients participated, yielding an 80% response rate. Anxiety symptoms were observed in 48% of respondents, though only 4% (n = 25) had a GAD score > 10. Among participants with moderate-to-severe anxiety (n = 21), 52% were aged 50-59 years, 90% were non-native Kuwaiti citizens, and 62% had an HbA1C measurement > 7 mmol/L. Multivariate analysis indicated that non-native Kuwait citizens were significantly more likely to have moderate-to-severe anxiety (AOR: 6.99, 95% CI: 1.42-34.43) compared to Kuwaiti nationals. Conversely, participants attending clinic visits every two months were less likely (AOR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.00-0.50) to report moderate-to-severe anxiety symptoms than those attending monthly. CONCLUSION While nearly half of patients with diabetes displayed anxiety symptoms, only a small proportion (4%) experienced moderate-to-severe anxiety. Non-native Kuwaiti residents were significantly more likely to have GAD scores > 10. Integrating anxiety screening into diabetes care may improve outcomes for this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Mubarak Alali
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Alsaqer Specialised Health Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Hessa Al-Kandari
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ozayr Mahomed
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban, George Campbell Building, Howard College Campus, Durban, South Africa.
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Elnahas M, Hübner J, Lang PM, Ahmadi E. Job Satisfaction Among First-Generation Migrant Physicians in Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine in Germany. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:2107. [PMID: 39517320 PMCID: PMC11545438 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12212107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study examines job satisfaction, burnout, and well-being among first-generation migrant physicians in anesthesiology and intensive care medicine in Germany, comparing them to their native German counterparts. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was utilized, collecting data from 513 physicians, 110 of whom identified as having a migration background. Job satisfaction was measured using the Warr-Cook-Wall (WCW) Job Satisfaction Scale, burnout was assessed with the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), and well-being was evaluated using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. RESULTS The job satisfaction ratings revealed no significant differences between migrant and German physicians in most dimensions, including physical workload, freedom to choose work methods, satisfaction with colleagues, responsibility, income, skill utilization, and variety in work tasks. However, migrant physicians reported significantly higher satisfaction with recognition received for their work and lower dissatisfaction with working hours. Burnout assessments showed that migrant physicians experienced higher psychological strain, perceiving every work hour as more exhausting and having significantly less energy for family and friends. Migrant physicians reported higher difficulty and frustration in working with patients. Well-being items indicated that migrant physicians felt less energetic and active but found their daily life more filled with interesting activities. Notably, the multivariate analyses of the total scale scores did not show significant associations between migration background and the overall outcome scales. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate unique challenges faced by migrant physicians, particularly in terms of recognition and patient-related burnout. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to support migrant physicians, including cultural competence training and flexible working hours to enhance their job satisfaction and overall well-being. Addressing these issues is crucial for maintaining the quality of patient care and the occupational health of migrant physicians in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elnahas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Pain Therapy, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany;
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (J.H.); (E.A.)
| | - Jutta Hübner
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (J.H.); (E.A.)
| | - Philip M. Lang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Pain Therapy, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany;
| | - Emadaldin Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (J.H.); (E.A.)
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Brooks SK, Patel D, Greenberg N. Occupational well-being of diplomatic personnel: a qualitative study. Occup Med (Lond) 2024:kqae096. [PMID: 39393011 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqae096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diplomatic personnel face unique job demands due to their frequent relocations. There is some evidence that occupational stress contributes to poor well-being in this occupational group, but little research on the aspects of the job that are perceived to be particularly challenging. AIMS This study aimed to explore diplomatic personnel's perceptions of their organization and their roles and to identify aspects of the job, which could cause stress and potentially affect well-being. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 24 employees of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office between September 2021 and February 2022. Participants were asked to reflect on their experiences before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. RESULTS Participants enjoyed many aspects of their work including the variety, travel opportunities and feeling that they made a difference. They also identified several stressors relating to job demands, overseas postings, family needs, frequent relocation, hardship posts, workplace relationships, (lack of) appreciation and acknowledgement, and organizational culture. Good relationships with colleagues and managers were perceived to be very important. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest various ways in which diplomatic organizations can better support their personnel, highlighting workload management; cross-cultural training; providing appropriate support to both accompanying families and unaccompanied staff members; practical and psychological preparation for those in high-risk locations; encouraging positive workplace relationships; good management; increased autonomy and increased recognition for good work.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Brooks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, King's College London, London SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - D Patel
- Overseas Health and Welfare, Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, London SW1A 2AH, UK
| | - N Greenberg
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, King's College London, London SE5 9RJ, UK
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Mowanes Alruwaili M. Psychological Profile of Nurse Managers in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Implications for Nursing Leadership. J Nurs Manag 2024; 2024:8428954. [PMID: 40224737 PMCID: PMC11919189 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8428954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2025]
Abstract
Aim This study examined the mental health of nurse managers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the physical and mental health of senior nurses, including effects of shortages of staff and medical supplies. However, no study has examined this topic among nurse managers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia despite their exposure to mental stress during the pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to investigate the levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and general psychological distress among nurse managers in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected August 2023 to February 2024. The main tool was the reliable and validated Arabic translation of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Data collection was performed using an online platform. IBM SPSS software was used for data analysis. The data was analysed using multiple regression to examine the relationship between the dependent (outcome) and independent (predictor) variables. A significant p-value was set at 0.05. Results Stress and general psychological distress were the most common problems among nurse managers in the post-COVID-19 era. Individual educational attainment was the only significant predictor of anxiety, stress, and general psychological distress. Moreover, the nationalities of nurse managers were correlated with stress outcomes. Conclusions Nursing managers are very likely to suffer from stress and general mental health problems in cases of exposure to crises. They may find the results of this study useful in understanding the factors that may play a role in the development of mental health problems during clinical work. Different strategies can be considered to alleviate depression, anxiety, and stress among managers, including the proper delegation of tasks. Top-level management and healthcare stakeholders should give special considerations to the nationality and education level upon selecting nurse mangers at different levels. Implications in Nursing Management. Policy makers involved in planning care for healthcare professionals may find this study valuable in planning for future pandemics by developing a strategy that could reduce stress and psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Mowanes Alruwaili
- Nursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
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Bashir A. Healthcare Expatriate Adjustment in Qatar: Analyzing Challenges and Opportunities. Cureus 2024; 16:e54720. [PMID: 38524008 PMCID: PMC10960732 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The healthcare sector in the Middle East, particularly in Qatar, relies heavily on expatriate professionals. The successful adaptation of these expatriates to the local environment is crucial as it significantly affects their job satisfaction and the quality of care they deliver to patients. This study aimed to identify and analyze the key factors influencing the adjustment of healthcare expatriates in Qatar to their professional roles and the cultural context of the region. METHODOLOGY This study involved the use of a cross-sectional survey approach targeting healthcare professionals in Qatar, with a targeted sample size of 385 participants selected to ensure a comprehensive representation of the expatriate workforce. The survey was disseminated through expatriate-specific WhatsApp groups from October 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022. It was structured to examine a variety of factors influencing expatriate adjustment, including age, gender, proficiency in the Arabic language, social support networks, job type, and length of stay in Qatar. The primary focus of this study is a thematic analysis of the respondents' free-text comments. These comments offer valuable insights into their experiences, both positive and negative, in adapting to life and work in Qatar. RESULTS This study achieved a response rate of 51.69% (199 out of 385), with participants representing 10 nationalities, being predominantly aged between 35 and 44 years, and having spent four to seven years in Qatar. The majority of respondents were nurses and doctors, accounting for 83.9% of the sample. The following five main themes emerged from the analysis of 218 free-text comments: personal and family concerns, work-related matters, government and system-related challenges, social and cultural challenges, and Arabic language challenges. Although participants valued supportive employer practices in family relocation and professional environments, they encountered language barriers, bureaucratic complexities, and cultural adaptation challenges. CONCLUSION The results of this study shed light on the multifaceted nature of expatriate adjustment in the healthcare sector of Qatar, highlighting the supportive elements and the obstacles encountered. They emphasize the need for comprehensive support mechanisms, including language training, streamlined bureaucratic processes, and cultural orientation programs, to facilitate successful and fulfilling expatriate experiences in the Middle Eastern healthcare context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Bashir
- International Business Management, Business School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, GBR
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Carroll HK, Moore S, Farooq AR, Iqbal S, Hadi DK, O'Reilly S. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-national doctors in Ireland. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:2033-2040. [PMID: 36417108 PMCID: PMC9685081 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-03220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International doctors make up nearly half of the physicians working in Ireland and are an integral part of the health service. The COVID-19 pandemic declared in March 2020 led to a global healthcare emergency. Resulting national lockdowns precluded travel at a time of need for family support. AIM We aimed to measure the professional, psychosocial, and financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-EEA doctors working in Ireland. METHODS An 88-item online survey of demographics, well-being, and financial resilience was circulated nationally between November 2021 and January 2022. The results were analysed using RStudio and Microsoft Excel 365. RESULTS One hundred thirty-eight responses were received. Sixty-two percent of responders reported wishing to stay in Ireland long-term and 44% had applied for citizenship. Despite 80% of responders working in their desired speciality, only 36% were on a specialist training scheme. Forty-seven percent felt their career was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Seventy-three percent of respondents reported missing significant events in their home country. Over 50% reported significant mental health issues personally or in their families; however, only a minority sought professional help. Financial issues were a source of anxiety for 15% of respondents. Financial resilience was poor, 20% of respondents cited a 1-month financial reserve, 10% had a personal pension, and 9% had made a will. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has had a multifactorial negative impact on non-national doctors working in Ireland. More must be done to offer multidimensional support to this cohort who are a crucial part of the underserviced Irish healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey K Carroll
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Stephen Moore
- Centre for Policy Studies, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Abdul R Farooq
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Danial K Hadi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Seamus O'Reilly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
- Cancer Research @UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Serafica R, Grigsby T, Donahue B, Evangelista L. Occupational Stress: A Concept Analysis with Implications for Immigrant Workers' Mental Health in the United States. Nurs Forum 2023; 2023:1332479. [PMID: 38037606 PMCID: PMC10688967 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1332479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Occupational stress is a phenomenon affecting people worldwide. Investigating occupational stress among immigrant worker populations will unravel some of the intricacies of this condition and its psychological effects on this population. Aim This paper conceptually examined occupational stress within the context of immigrant workers' mental health and offer an operational definition to aid nurse researchers, educators, and practitioners in assessing and managing patients and developing culturally appropriate interventions for this population. Design Walker and Avant's eight-step concept analysis is used as an organizing framework. Data Source MEDLINE, CINAHL, OVID, PubMed, and APA Psych Info. Review Methods Keywords job stress, immigrant work stress, occupational stress scale, immigrant work-related stress, and mental health were used. The search yielded 142 articles; 17 were selected based on the effect of work stress on mental health. Results This analysis found that occupational stress can be attributed to communication problems, alienation, discrimination, and barriers to work-life balance can cause negative consequences among immigrants. An operational definition is also provided. Conclusion There is a growing need to examine closely and differentiate between occupational and acculturative stress to navigate a more profound understanding of how these conditions negatively complement each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy Grigsby
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Bradley Donahue
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Association between Precarious Employment and Chronic Stress: Effect of Gender, Stress Measurement and Precariousness Dimensions-A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159099. [PMID: 35897463 PMCID: PMC9330896 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Precarious employment has been highlighted as a social determinant of health, given, among others, to its alleged association with chronic stress. However, few studies have been conducted analyzing such association, using both perceived stress indicators and biological markers. Accordingly, the present study analyzed the association of multidimensional (6 dimensions) precarious employment scale with perceived stress and 23 markers of adrenal and gonadal hormone production, including cortisol. The sample consisted of 255 salaried workers from Barcelona (125 men, 130 women) aged 25-60. OLS regression models stratified by sex were conducted. Results demonstrated that precarious employment increased the probabilities of having perceived stress in both sexes. In addition, the production of adrenal hormones among men is associated with precarious wages and among women with precarious contracts ("Temporariness", "Disempowerment", and "Rights" dimensions). Therefore, precarious employment could be embodied by workers, altering their perceived well-being and physiological characteristics. Differences between men and women in the physiological effect of precarious employment could express not just the biochemical differences inherent to biological sex, but also the social construction of gender identities, positions and roles in society and family, as well as gender inequalities in the labour market.
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Dun S, Humam M, Das NS, Muneeb Ur Rehman M. Sports and leisure campaigns for migrant workers in Qatar: including the excluded. MANAGING SPORT AND LEISURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23750472.2022.2026245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Dun
- Communication Program, Northwestern University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Humam
- Communication Program, Northwestern University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Natasha S. Das
- Communication Program, Northwestern University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Al‐Yateem N, Ahmed FR, Alameddine M, Dias JM, Saifan AR, Subu MA, Hijazi H, AbuRuz ME. Psychological distress among the nursing workforce in the United Arab Emirates: Comparing levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurs Forum 2022; 57:1314-1320. [PMID: 36210355 PMCID: PMC9874575 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses make up the majority of the healthcare workforce. They contribute to the development of healthcare systems and the provision of high-quality, effective, and patient-centered healthcare services. However, nurses need good mental and emotional well-being to provide adequate care and the necessary physical and mental health support for their clients. This study aimed to determine the level of generalized psychological distress among nurses in the United Arab Emirates. As this study was initiated before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we were able to compare data gathered before and during the pandemic. METHOD This study used a cross-sectional correlational design. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was used to measure generalized psychological distress. Nurses' distress levels were measured and compared before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS In total, 988 participants completed the questionnaire. The majority (n = 629, 63.7%) were employed in hospitals and the remainder worked in primary healthcare settings (n = 359, 36.3%). The mean distress score was 27.1 ± 13.7; 42.1% (n = 416) of participants had a severe level of distress, and only 36.4% (n = 360) reported no distress. More participants had severe stress levels before COVID-19 (59.5%, n = 386) compared with during COVID-19 (10.9%, n = 30). CONCLUSIONS Participants' K10 scores suggest that nurses experience significant distress, which may compromise their ability to care for their clients. This study emphasizes the importance of supporting nurses as a preliminary step to improving patient care. Despite the pressure of working during the COVID-19 pandemic, participants' general distress scores were lower during than before the pandemic. Organizational, governmental, and global support and appreciation may have contributed to relieving the distress nurses experienced. This may be a useful ongoing approach for enhancing healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Al‐Yateem
- Nursing Department, College of Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahSharjahUAE,Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences ‐ Health and Workforce Studies Research GroupUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Refaat Ahmed
- Nursing Department, College of Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahSharjahUAE
| | - Mohamad Alameddine
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences ‐ Health and Workforce Studies Research GroupUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates,Health Service Administration Department, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahSharjahUAE
| | | | - Ahmad Rajeh Saifan
- Clinical Nursing DepartmentApplied Science Private UniversityAmmanJordan
| | - Muhamad Arsyad Subu
- Nursing Department, College of Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahSharjahUAE
| | - Heba Hijazi
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences ‐ Health and Workforce Studies Research GroupUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates,Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of MedicineJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
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Hasan SI, Yee A, Rinaldi A, Azham AA, Mohd Hairi F, Amer Nordin AS. Prevalence of common mental health issues among migrant workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260221. [PMID: 34855800 PMCID: PMC8638981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous literature has shown that migrant workers manifested higher common mental issues (especially depressive symptom) compared to local workers due to stressors such as financial constraint and lack of access to healthcare. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the current body of evidence for the prevalence of depression and anxiety among migrant workers as well as exploring the risk factors and the availability of social support for migrant workers. Seven electronic databases, grey literature and Google Scholar were searched for studies from 2015 to 2021 related to mental health, social support and migrant workers. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-QARI). Study heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistics. Random effects meta-analysis results were presented given heterogeneity among studies. The search returned 27 articles and only seven studies were included in meta-analysis, involving 44 365 migrant workers in 17 different countries. The overall prevalence of depression and anxiety among migrant workers was 38.99% (95% CI = 0.27, 0.51) and 27.31% (95% CI = 0.06, 0.58), respectively. Factors such as age, biological (health issue, family history of psychiatric disorder), individual (poor coping skills), occupational (workplace psychosocial stressors, poor working condition, salary and benefits issue, abuse), environmental (limited access towards healthcare, duration of residence, living condition) and social factor (limited social support) were associated with a mental health outcome in migrant workers. The availability of social support for migrant workers was mainly concentrated in emotional type of support. A high prevalence of depression and anxiety was found among migrant workers across the globe. This finding warrants a collective effort by different parties in providing assistance for migrant workers to promote their mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Idayu Hasan
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Community & Sustainability, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anne Yee
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ariyani Rinaldi
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adlina Aisya Azham
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farizah Mohd Hairi
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Community & Sustainability, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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“Your health and safety is of utmost importance to us”: A review of research on the occupational health and safety of international employees. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Health Status and Barriers to Healthcare Access among "Son-in-Law Westerners": A Qualitative Case Study in the Northeast of Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111017. [PMID: 34769537 PMCID: PMC8583070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The northeast of Thailand is well-known as a popular destination where many male Westerners marry Thai women and settle down there. However, little is known about their health and well-being. This study aims to explore the Western husbands’ health status and identify barriers hindering their healthcare access. A qualitative case study was conducted from November 2020 to May 2021. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 42 key informants who were involved with social and health issues among these expatriates were carried out. The social determinants framework was adapted for guiding the interviews. Data were triangulated with field notes, document reviews, and researchers’ observations. Inductive thematic analysis was applied. Results showed that most male expatriates who married Thai women in the northeast were in their retirement years and had non-communicable diseases, health risk behaviors, and mental health problems. Most of them did not purchase health insurance and held negative impressions toward Thai public hospitals’ quality of care, which was denoted as the main barrier to accessing healthcare services. Other significant barriers consisted of high treatment costs commonly charged by private hospitals and language issues. While the improvement of healthcare quality and the provision of friendly health services are important, public communication with foreign residents, especially male expatriates, is recommended to increase understanding and improve perceptions of the Thai healthcare systems. A regular population-based survey on the health and well-being of expatriates in Thailand, a cost study of a health insurance package, a survey study on willingness to pay for health insurance premiums, and a feasibility survey exploring the opportunity to establish either voluntary or compulsory health insurance among this group should be undertaken.
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Burnout and work-life balance among physicians: the role of migration background. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:28. [PMID: 34325705 PMCID: PMC8323232 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-021-00318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We want to analyze the effect of migration background (MB) on physician burnout and work-life balance. Methods In September 2019, physicians from various specialties answered a questionnaire on work and health. We analyzed a subsample of 526 physicians that were working full time in a hospital, 14% with an MB and 47.9% were female. Results Multivariate analysis showed that physicians with an MB exhibit significantly less favorable scores on all three burnout dimensions, and this effect persisted in the regression analysis after adding age, gender, and marital status as control variables. There were no differences with regard to work-life balance. Conclusions To our knowledge, our study is the first one to suggest that MB plays a significant role in physician mental health. Future research will benefit from identifying the factors behind that connection, e.g., problems related to acculturation, communication and social integration, which can then be addressed by policymakers in order to maintain and improve the medical infrastructure.
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Haugland M, Aanes MM, Jensen G, Salih O. Norwegian physiotherapy teachers' experience from working in a partnership project in Sudan - A case study approach. Physiother Theory Pract 2021; 38:2111-2121. [PMID: 33872134 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2021.1901325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction and Aims: Professionals working abroad as part of a partnership program is a central act of internationalization among higher education institutions. Little research has been carried out on this topic. The goal of this study was, therefore, to explore, describe and discuss the workplace learning factors - especially cultural factors - influencing Norwegian physiotherapy teachers, working in an international partnership project at a women's university in Sudan. Methods: The study had a qualitative case-study design, intended to provide an in-depth understanding of workplace learning processes. We used a multifaceted approach which included individual interviews and document analyses. Results: We identified individual, social and institutional factors that influenced workplace learning. Culture is decisive at all levels, and knowledge, skills and attitudes are culturally situated. The Norwegian teachers' learning was found to be dependent on both internal and external factors and the pre- and post-project periods. Conclusion: This study shows that a workplace perspective on the experience of Norwegian physiotherapy teachers gives us a better understanding of the important factors, associated with such a project. Working abroad not only requires preparation on the part of the sending and host institution but also from the person working abroad (prior to, during and after the stay abroad) if workplace learning is to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mildrid Haugland
- Department of Health and Functioning, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mette M Aanes
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, Bergen University, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gail Jensen
- Graduate School and College of Professional Studies, Center for Health Policy and Ethics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Omeima Salih
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ahfad University for Women, Omdurman, Sudan
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Lee SJ, Lee TW. Factors influencing migrant workers’ motivation to participate in physical leisure activities in Korea. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Bretones FD, Jain A, Leka S, García-López PA. Psychosocial Working Conditions and Well-Being of Migrant Workers in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2547. [PMID: 32276385 PMCID: PMC7178116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship beween employment and psychosocial working conditions and well-being of native and migrant workers in the working population of Spain. Data from the 7th Spanish Survey of Working Conditions was used to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis (n = 8508) to identify the main latent variables that influenced well-being. Using structural equation modeling and multivariate analysis, we found different patterns and perceptions of well-being and working conditions in these two groups. We discuss the reasons for these differences and suggest directions for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Díaz Bretones
- School of Labour Relations and Human Resource, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Aditya Jain
- Nottingham University Business School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK;
| | - Stavroula Leka
- Cork University Business School, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
- Centre for Organizational Health and Development, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK
| | - Pedro A. García-López
- School of Labour Relations and Human Resource, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
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Koseoglu Ornek O, Weinmann T, Waibel J, Radon K. Precarious employment and migrant workers' mental health: a protocol for a systematic review of observational studies. Syst Rev 2020; 9:50. [PMID: 32145747 PMCID: PMC7060985 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01313-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precarious employment has become an urgent public health issue at a global scale with potential consequences for quality of life and health of employees, especially in vulnerable groups such as migrants. The primary aim of this systematic review is thus to analyze and summarize existing research on the association between precarious employment and migrant workers' mental health. METHODS We will search PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science (from January 1970 onwards) for original articles on observational studies (e.g., cohort, case-control and cross-sectional, and qualitative) published in English, German, Turkish, and Spanish. The primary outcome will be depression and anxiety disorders. Secondary outcomes will be burnout, sleeping problems, and occupational stress. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. The methodological quality (or risk of bias) of individual studies will be appraised using an appropriate tool. A narrative synthesis will summarize and explain the characteristics and findings of the studies. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analyses where appropriate. DISCUSSION This systematic review will analyze the ways in which precarious employment affects migrant workers' mental health and the process that underlies this relationship. The results from the systematic review outlined in this protocol will be of interest to labor and health professionals, policy makers, labor unions, and non-governmental organizations. Our findings may encourage and impel related policy makers to establish human-focused, safe and healthy work environments, and workplace conditions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42019132560.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Koseoglu Ornek
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology & NetTeaching Unit, Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University, Dolapdere Kampus, Hacıahmet Mahallesi, Pir Hüsamettin Sokak No: 20, 34440 Beyoğlu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tobias Weinmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology & NetTeaching Unit, Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Waibel
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology & NetTeaching Unit, Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology & NetTeaching Unit, Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336 Munich, Germany
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20
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Bani-Issa W, Radwan H, Al Marzooq F, Al Awar S, Al-Shujairi AM, Samsudin AR, Khasawneh W, Albluwi N. Salivary Cortisol, Subjective Stress and Quality of Sleep Among Female Healthcare Professionals. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:125-140. [PMID: 32103972 PMCID: PMC7008192 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s229396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress is globally recognised as a risk factor impacting workers’ health and workplace safety. Women healthcare professionals are at risk for considerable stress given the demanding nature of their jobs and current working conditions. This study assessed levels of stress among women healthcare professionals using measures of their cortisol levels, subjective stress and quality of sleep. Participants and Methods This study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 335 apparently healthy adult women healthcare professionals working in the United Arab Emirates. Participants provided morning and bedtime saliva samples for analysis of their cortisol levels. The Perceived Stress Scale, Stress Symptoms Scale, Brief Coping Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to assess perceived stress level, symptoms of stress, stress-coping strategies and sleep quality, respectively. Results In total, 121 (36.15%) women had impaired morning cortisol levels (below the normal range of 0.094–1.551 µg/dL) and 48 (14.3%) had impaired bedtime cortisol levels (above 0.359 µg/dL). Around 57% of women reported moderate levels of perceived stress, with the most frequently reported stress symptoms being heart rate and back/neck pain. Poor sleep quality was reported by around 60% of participating women. No significant association was found between cortisol and psychosocial measurements of stress or sleep quality. However, night shift and longer shift duration (more than 8 hrs) were significantly associated with impaired morning and bedtime cortisol levels (P ≥ 0.05). Impaired cortisol levels were strongly dependent on using adaptive coping strategies such as active coping, acceptance and seeking emotional support (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion Evaluating cortisol levels and subjective stress could help to identify groups with impaired response to stress and elevated cortisol levels. Our findings support the need to examine shift work patterns and stress coping strategies in women healthcare professionals to promote their health and productivity and maintain workplace safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wegdan Bani-Issa
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadia Radwan
- College of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Al Marzooq
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shamsa Al Awar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arwa M Al-Shujairi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ab Rani Samsudin
- College of Dental Medicine, Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Najla Albluwi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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