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Onslev J, Thomassen M, Wojtaszewski J, Bangsbo J, Hostrup M. Salbutamol Increases Leg Glucose Uptake and Metabolic Rate but not Muscle Glycogen Resynthesis in Recovery From Exercise. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1193-e1203. [PMID: 34665856 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exercise blunts the effect of beta2-agonists on peripheral glucose uptake and energy expenditure. Whether such attenuation extends into recovery is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of a beta2-agonist on leg glucose uptake and metabolic rate in recovery from exercise. METHODS Using leg arteriovenous balance technique and analyses of thigh muscle biopsies, we investigated the effect of a beta2-agonist (24 mg of oral salbutamol) vs placebo on leg glucose, lactate, and oxygen exchange before and during quadriceps exercise, and 0.5 to 5 hours in recovery from quadriceps exercise, as well as on muscle glycogen resynthesis and activity in recovery. Twelve healthy, lean, young men participated. RESULTS Before exercise, leg glucose uptake was 0.42 ± 0.12 and 0.20 ± 0.02 mmol × min-1 (mean ± SD) for salbutamol and placebo (P = .06), respectively, while leg oxygen consumption was around 2-fold higher (P < .01) for salbutamol than for placebo (25 ± 3 vs 14 ± 1 mL × min-1). No treatment differences were observed in leg glucose uptake, lactate release, and oxygen consumption during exercise. But in recovery, cumulated leg glucose uptake, lactate release, and oxygen consumption was 21 mmol (95% CI 18-24, P = .018), 19 mmol (95% CI 16-23, P < .01), and 1.8 L (95% CI 1.6-2.0, P < .01) higher for salbutamol than for placebo, respectively. Muscle glycogen content was around 30% lower (P < .01) for salbutamol than for placebo in recovery, whereas no treatment differences were observed in muscle glycogen resynthesis or glycogen synthase activity. CONCLUSION Exercise blunts the effect of beta2-agonist salbutamol on leg glucose uptake, but this attenuation diminishes in recovery. Salbutamol increases leg lactate release in recovery, which may relate to glycolytic trafficking due to excessive myocellular glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Onslev
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Thomassen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hostrup M, Onslev J. The beta 2 -adrenergic receptor - a re-emerging target to combat obesity and induce leanness? J Physiol 2021; 600:1209-1227. [PMID: 34676534 DOI: 10.1113/jp281819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of obesity with repurposed or novel drugs is an expanding research field. One approach is to target beta2 -adrenergic receptors because they regulate the metabolism and phenotype of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue. Several observations support a role for the beta2 -adrenergic receptor in obesity. Specific human beta2 -adrenergic receptor polymorphisms are associated with body composition and obesity, for which the Gln27Glu polymorphism is associated with obesity, while the Arg16Gly polymorphism is associated with lean mass in men and the development of obesity in specific populations. Individuals with obesity also have lower abundance of beta2 -adrenergic receptors in adipose tissue and are less sensitive to catecholamines. In addition, studies in livestock and rodents demonstrate that selective beta2 -agonists induce a so-called 'repartitioning effect' characterized by muscle accretion and reduced fat deposition. In humans, beta2 -agonists dose-dependently increase resting metabolic rate by 10-50%. And like that observed in other mammals, only a few weeks of treatment with beta2 -agonists increases muscle mass and reduces fat mass in young healthy individuals. Beta2 -agonists also exert beneficial effects on body composition when used concomitantly with training and act additively to increase muscle strength and mass during periods with resistance training. Thus, the beta2 -adrenergic receptor seems like an attractive target in the development of anti-obesity drugs. However, future studies need to verify the long-term efficacy and safety of beta2 -agonists in individuals with obesity, particularly in those with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Onslev
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Onslev J, Jensen J, Bangsbo J, Wojtaszewski J, Hostrup M. β2-Agonist Induces Net Leg Glucose Uptake and Free Fatty Acid Release at Rest but Not During Exercise in Young Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:647-657. [PMID: 30285125 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of selective β2-adrenergic stimulation in regulation of leg glucose uptake and free fatty acid (FFA) balance is inadequately explored in humans. The objective of this study was to investigate β2-adrenergic effects on net leg glucose uptake and clearance, as well as FFA balance at rest and during exercise. DESIGN The study was a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial where 10 healthy men received either infusion of β2-agonist terbutaline (0.2 to 0.4 mg) or placebo. Net leg glucose uptake and clearance and FFA balance were determined at rest and during 8 minutes of knee extensor exercise using Fick's principle. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected at rest and at cessation of exercise. The primary outcome measure was net leg glucose uptake. RESULTS At rest, net leg glucose uptake and clearance were 0.35 (±0.16) mmol/min and 41 (±17) mL/min (mean ± 95% CI) higher (P < 0.001) for terbutaline than placebo, corresponding to increases of 84% and 70%. During exercise, no treatment differences were observed in net leg glucose uptake, whereas clearance was 101 (±86) mL/min lower (P < 0.05) for terbutaline than placebo. At rest, terbutaline induced a net leg FFA release of 21 (±14) µmol/min, being different from placebo (P = 0.04). During exercise, net leg FFA uptake was not different between the treatments. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that β2-agonist alters net leg glucose uptake and clearance, as well as FFA balance in humans, which is associated with myocellular β2-adrenergic and insulin-dependent signaling. Furthermore, the study shows that exercise confounds the β2-adrenergic effect on net leg glucose uptake and FFA balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Onslev
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kalsen A, Hostrup M, Karlsson S, Hemmersbach P, Bangsbo J, Backer V. Effect of inhaled terbutaline on substrate utilization and 300-kcal time trial performance. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:1180-7. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00635.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In a randomized, double-blind crossover design, we investigated the effect of the beta2-agonist terbutaline (TER) on endurance performance and substrate utilization in nine moderately trained men [maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o2 max) 58.9 ± 3.1 ml·min−1·kg−1]. Subjects performed 60 min of submaximal exercise (65–70% of V̇o2 max) immediately followed by a 300-kcal time trial with inhalation of either 15 mg of TER or placebo (PLA). Pulmonary gas exchange was measured during the submaximal exercise, and muscle biopsies were collected before and after the exercise bouts. Time trial performance was not different between TER and PLA (1,072 ± 145 vs. 1,054 ± 125 s). During the submaximal exercise, respiratory exchange ratio, glycogen breakdown (TER 266 ± 32, PLA 195 ± 28 mmol/kg dw), and muscle lactate accumulation (TER 20.3 ± 1.6, PLA 13.2 ± 1.2 mmol/kg dw) were higher ( P < 0.05) with TER than PLA. There was no difference between TER and PLA in net muscle glycogen utilization or lactate accumulation during the time trial. Intramyocellular triacylglycerol content did not change with treatment or exercise. Pyruvate dehydrogenase-E1α phosphorylation at Ser293 and Ser300 was lower ( P < 0.05) before submaximal exercise with TER than PLA, with no difference after the submaximal exercise and the time trial. Before submaximal exercise, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) phosphorylation at Ser221 was higher ( P < 0.05) with TER than PLA. There was no difference in phosphorylation of alpha 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (αAMPK) at Thr172 between treatments. The present study suggests that beta2-agonists do not enhance 300-kcal time trial performance, but they increase carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscles during submaximal exercise independent of AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, and that this effect diminishes as drug exposure time, exercise duration, and intensity are increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Kalsen
- Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Hostrup
- Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Karlsson
- Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Hemmersbach
- Norwegian Doping Control Laboratory, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; and
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Backer
- Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Decorte N, Lamalle L, Carlier P, Giacomini E, Guinot M, Levy P, Verges S, Wuyam B. Impact of salbutamol on muscle metabolism assessed by31P NMR spectroscopy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:e267-73. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Decorte
- HP2 Laboratory; Grenoble-Alpes University; Grenoble France
- U1042; INSERM; Grenoble France
| | - L. Lamalle
- HP2 Laboratory; Grenoble-Alpes University; Grenoble France
- INSERM US017; CNRS; UMS 3552; IRMaGe; CHU Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | - P.G. Carlier
- Institute of Myology; NMR Laboratory Paris France
- CEA; I BM; MIRCen; NMR Laboratory; Paris France
| | - E. Giacomini
- Institute of Myology; NMR Laboratory Paris France
- CEA; I BM; MIRCen; NMR Laboratory; Paris France
| | - M. Guinot
- HP2 Laboratory; Grenoble-Alpes University; Grenoble France
- U1042; INSERM; Grenoble France
- Institute for Doping Prevention; Grenoble France
| | - P. Levy
- HP2 Laboratory; Grenoble-Alpes University; Grenoble France
- U1042; INSERM; Grenoble France
| | - S. Verges
- HP2 Laboratory; Grenoble-Alpes University; Grenoble France
- U1042; INSERM; Grenoble France
| | - B. Wuyam
- HP2 Laboratory; Grenoble-Alpes University; Grenoble France
- U1042; INSERM; Grenoble France
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High-dose inhaled terbutaline increases muscle strength and enhances maximal sprint performance in trained men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:2499-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Pluim BM, de Hon O, Staal JB, Limpens J, Kuipers H, Overbeek SE, Zwinderman AH, Scholten RJPM. β₂-Agonists and physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sports Med 2011; 41:39-57. [PMID: 21142283 DOI: 10.2165/11537540-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled β₂-agonists are commonly used as bronchodilators in the treatment of asthma. Their use in athletes, however, is restricted by anti-doping regulations. Controversies remain as to whether healthy elite athletes who use bronchodilators may gain a competitive advantage. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effects of inhaled and systemic β₂-agonists on physical performance in healthy, non-asthmatic subjects. To this end, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched up to August 2009. Reference lists were searched for additional relevant studies. The search criteria were for randomized controlled trials examining the effect of inhaled or systemic β₂-agonists on physical performance in healthy, non-asthmatic subjects. Two authors independently performed the selection of studies, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Parallel-group and crossover trials were analysed separately. Mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for continuous data and, where possible, data were pooled using a fixed effects model. Twenty-six studies involving 403 participants (age range 7-30 years) compared inhaled β₂-agonists with placebo. No significant effect could be detected for inhaled β₂-agonists on maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂(max)) [MD -0.14 mL · kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹; 95% CI -1.07, 0.78; 16 studies], endurance time to exhaustion at 105-110% VO₂(max) (MD -1.5 s; 95% CI -15.6, 12.6; four studies), 20-km time trial duration (MD -4.4 s; 95% CI -23.5, 14.7; two studies), peak power (MD -0.14 W · kg⁻¹; 95% CI -0.54, 0.27; four studies) and total work during a 30-second Wingate test (MD 0.80 J · kg⁻¹; 95% CI -2.44, 4.05; five studies). Thirteen studies involving 172 participants (age range 7-22 years) compared systemic β₂-agonists with placebo, with 12 studies involving oral and one study involving intravenous salbutamol. A significant effect was detected for systemic β₂-agonists on endurance time to exhaustion at 80-85% VO₂(max) (MD 402 s; 95% CI 34, 770; two studies), but not for VO₂(max) (placebo 42.5 ± 1.7 mL · kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹, salbutamol 42.1 ± 2.9 mL · kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹, one study), endurance time to exhaustion at 70% VO₂(max) (MD 400 s; 95% CI -408, 1208; one study) or power output at 90% VO₂(max) (placebo 234.9 ± 16 W, salbutamol 235.5 ± 18.1 W, one study). A significant effect was shown for systemic β₂-agonists on peak power (MD 0.91 W · kg⁻¹; 95% CI 0.25, 1.57; four studies), but not on total work (MD 7.8 J · kg⁻¹; 95% CI -3.3, 18.9; four studies) during a 30-second Wingate test. There were no randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of systemic formoterol, salmeterol or terbutaline on physical performance. In conclusion, no significant effects were detected for inhaled β₂-agonists on endurance, strength or sprint performance in healthy athletes. There is some evidence indicating that systemic β₂-agonists may have a positive effect on physical performance in healthy subjects, but the evidence base is weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babette M Pluim
- Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association, KNLTB, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
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Effects of β2-adrenergic stimulation on exercise capacity in normal subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111:2239-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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