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Du J, Vann W, Zhou T, Ye Y, Zhu Q. Sensory manipulation as a countermeasure to robot teleoperation delays: system and evidence. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4333. [PMID: 38383745 PMCID: PMC10882013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of robotics and automation, robot teleoperation, which facilitates human-machine interaction in distant or hazardous settings, has surged in significance. A persistent issue in this domain is the delays between command issuance and action execution, causing negative repercussions on operator situational awareness, performance, and cognitive load. These delays, particularly in long-distance operations, are difficult to mitigate even with the most advanced computing advancements. Current solutions mainly revolve around machine-based adjustments to combat these delays. However, a notable lacuna remains in harnessing human perceptions for an enhanced subjective teleoperation experience. This paper introduces a novel approach of sensory manipulation for induced human adaptation in delayed teleoperation. Drawing from motor learning and rehabilitation principles, it is posited that strategic sensory manipulation, via altered sensory stimuli, can mitigate the subjective feeling of these delays. The focus is not on introducing new skills or adapting to novel conditions; rather, it leverages prior motor coordination experience in the context of delays. The objective is to reduce the need for extensive training or sophisticated automation designs. A human-centered experiment involving 41 participants was conducted to examine the effects of modified haptic cues in teleoperations with delays. These cues were generated from high-fidelity physics engines using parameters from robot-end sensors or physics engine simulations. The results underscored several benefits, notably the considerable reduction in task time and enhanced user perceptions about visual delays. Real-time haptic feedback, or the anchoring method, emerged as a significant contributor to these benefits, showcasing reduced cognitive load, bolstered self-confidence, and minimized frustration. Beyond the prevalent methods of automation design and training, this research underscores induced human adaptation as a pivotal avenue in robot teleoperation. It seeks to enhance teleoperation efficacy through rapid human adaptation, offering insights beyond just optimizing robotic systems for delay compensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- ICIC Lab, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - William Vann
- ICIC Lab, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- ICIC Lab, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yang Ye
- ICIC Lab, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Qi Zhu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
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Fattorini L, Rodio A, Filippi GM, Pettorossi VE. Effectiveness of Focal Muscle Vibration in the Recovery of Neuromotor Hypofunction: A Systematic Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:103. [PMID: 37606398 PMCID: PMC10443241 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate physical recovery after trauma, injury, disease, a long period of hypomobility, or simply ageing is a difficult goal because rehabilitation protocols are long-lasting and often cannot ensure complete motor recovery. Therefore, the optimisation of rehabilitation procedures is an important target to be achieved. The possibility of restoring motor functions by acting on proprioceptive signals by unspecific repetitive muscle vibration, focally applied on single muscles (RFV), instead of only training muscle function, is a new perspective, as suggested by the effects on the motor performance evidenced by healthy persons. The focal muscle vibration consists of micro-stretching-shortening sequences applied to individual muscles. By repeating such stimulation, an immediate and persistent increase in motility can be attained. This review aims to show whether this proprioceptive stimulation is useful for optimising the rehabilitative process in the presence of poor motor function. Papers reporting RFV effects have evidenced that the motor deficits can be counteracted by focal vibration leading to an early and quick complete recovery. The RFV efficacy has been observed in various clinical conditions. The motor improvements were immediate and obtained without loading the joints. The review suggests that these protocols can be considered a powerful new advantage to enhance traditional rehabilitation and achieve a more complete motor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fattorini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sapienza Università di Roma, L.go A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Angelo Rodio
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Loc. Folcara, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Guido Maria Filippi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Enrico Pettorossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Human Physiology Section, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
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Filippi GM, Rodio A, Fattorini L, Faralli M, Ricci G, Pettorossi VE. Plastic changes induced by muscle focal vibration: A possible mechanism for long-term motor improvements. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1112232. [PMID: 36908788 PMCID: PMC9992721 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive focal vibrations can induce positive and persistent after-effects. There is still no satisfactory interpretation of the underlying mechanisms. A rationale, which can provide consistency among different results, is highly desirable to guide both the use of the application and future research. To date, interpretive models are formulated to justify the results, depending on the specific protocol adopted. Indeed, protocol parameters, such as stimulus intensity and frequency, intervention time and administration period, are variable among different studies. However, in this article, we have identified features of the protocols that may allow us to suggest a possible common mechanism underlying the effectiveness of focal vibration under different physiologic and pathologic conditions. Since repetitive focal muscle vibration induces powerful and prolonged activation of muscle proprioceptors, we hypothesize that this intense activation generates adaptive synaptic changes along sensory and motor circuits. This may lead to long-term synaptic potentiation in the central network, inducing an enhancement of the learning capability. The plastic event could increase proprioceptive discriminative ability and accuracy of the spatial reference frame and, consequently, improve motor planning and execution for different motor functions and in the presence of different motor dysfunctions. The proposed mechanism may explain the surprising and sometimes particularly rapid improvements in motor execution in healthy and diseased individuals, regardless of specific physical training. This hypothetic mechanism may require experimental evidence and could lead to extend and adapt the application of the "learning without training" paradigms to other functional and recovery needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido M. Filippi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Rodio
- Department of Human Sciences, Society, and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Frosinone, Italy
| | - Luigi Fattorini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Faralli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Section, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giampietro Ricci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Section, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vito E. Pettorossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Human Physiology Section, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Bertucco M, Nardon M, Mueske N, Sandhu S, Rethlefsen SA, Wren TAL, Sanger TD. The Effects of Prolonged Vibrotactile EMG-Based Biofeedback on Ankle Joint Range of Motion During Gait in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2022; 43:351-366. [PMID: 36446743 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2022.2151391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this case series was to examine the feasibility of vibrotactile EMG-based biofeedback (BF) as a home-based intervention tool to enhance sensory information during everyday motor activities and to explore its effectiveness to induce changes in active ankle range of motion during gait in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS Ten children ages 6 to 13 years with spastic CP were recruited. Participants wore two EMG-based vibro-tactile BF devices for at least 4 hours per day for 1-month on the ankle and knee joints muscles. The device computed the amplitude of the EMG signal of the target muscle and actuated a silent vibration motor proportional to the magnitude of the EMG. RESULTS Our results demonstrated the feasibility of the augmented sensory information of muscle activity to induce changes of the active ankle range of motion during gait for 6 children with an increase ranging from 8.9 to 51.6% compared to a one-month period without treatment. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary findings of this case series demonstrate the feasibility of vibrotactile EMG-based BF and suggest potential effectiveness to increase active ankle range of motion, therefore serving as a promising therapeutic tool to improve gait in children with spastic CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bertucco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Nardon
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicole Mueske
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sukhveer Sandhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Tishya A L Wren
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Terence D Sanger
- School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
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Zhong M, Cywiak C, Metto AC, Liu X, Qian C, Pelled G. Multi-session delivery of synchronous rTMS and sensory stimulation induces long-term plasticity. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:884-894. [PMID: 34029768 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combining training or sensory stimulation with non-invasive brain stimulation has shown to improve performance in healthy subjects and improve brain function in patients after brain injury. However, the plasticity mechanisms and the optimal parameters to induce long-term and sustainable enhanced performance remain unknown. OBJECTIVE This work was designed to identify the protocols of which combining sensory stimulation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) will facilitate the greatest changes in fMRI activation maps in the rat's primary somatosensory cortex (S1). METHODS Several protocols of combining forepaw electrical stimulation with rTMS were tested, including a single stimulation session compared to multiple, daily stimulation sessions, as well as synchronous and asynchronous delivery of both modalities. High-resolution fMRI was used to determine how pairing sensory stimulation with rTMS induced short and long-term plasticity in the rat S1. RESULTS All groups that received a single session of rTMS showed short-term increases in S1 activity, but these increases did not last three days after the session. The group that received a stimulation protocol of 10 Hz forepaw stimulation that was delivered simultaneously with 10 Hz rTMS for five consecutive days demonstrated the greatest increases in the extent of the evoked fMRI responses compared to groups that received other stimulation protocols. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide direct indication that pairing peripheral stimulation with rTMS induces long-term plasticity, and this phenomenon appears to follow a time-dependent plasticity mechanism. These results will be important to lead the design of new training and rehabilitation paradigms and training towards achieving maximal performance in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhong
- Neuroengineering Division, The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Carolina Cywiak
- Neuroengineering Division, The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Abigael C Metto
- Neuroengineering Division, The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xiang Liu
- Neuroengineering Division, The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Galit Pelled
- Neuroengineering Division, The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Fattorini L, Rodio A, Pettorossi VE, Filippi GM. Is the Focal Muscle Vibration an Effective Motor Conditioning Intervention? A Systematic Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:39. [PMID: 33924916 PMCID: PMC8167707 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical vibration, applied to single or few muscles, can be a selective stimulus for muscle spindles, able to modify neuromuscular management, inducing short and long-term effects, are now mainly employed in clinic studies. Several studies reported as treatments with focal vibratory (FVT) can influence neuromuscular parameters also in healthy people. However, the application modalities and the consequent effects are remarkably fragmented. This paper aims to review these studies and to characterize the FVT effectiveness on long-term conditional capacities in relation to FVT characteristics. A systematic search of studies published from 1985 to 2020 in English on healthcare databases was performed. Articles had to meet the following criteria: (1) treatment based on a locally applied vibration on muscle belly or tendon; (2) healthy adults involved; (3) outcomes time analysis enduring for more than 24 h. Twelve studies were found, all of them presented an excellent quality score of ≥75%. All selected papers reported positive changes, comparable with traditional long-lasting training effects. Muscle force and power were the most investigated parameters. The after-effects persisted for up to several months. Among the different FV administration modalities, the most effective seems to show a stimulus frequency of ≈100 Hz, repeated more times within three-five days on a voluntary contracted muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fattorini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Roma, Piazz.le A. Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Angelo Rodio
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino e Lazio Meridionale Via S. Angelo—Località Folcara, 03043 Cassino, Italy;
| | - Vito E. Pettorossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza dell’Università, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Guido M. Filippi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Contemori S, Panichi R, Biscarini A. Mechanisms of Modulation of Automatic Scapulothoracic Muscle Contraction Timings. J Mot Behav 2020; 53:669-679. [PMID: 33106112 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1837064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Erected posture provides humans a large shoulder mobility that requires complex automatic muscle synergies to accomplish joint stability needs. This is evident in shoulder abduction, wherein the voluntary activation of glenohumeral muscles is coupled with an automatic recruitment of scapulothoracic muscles. Here, we investigated whether volitional modification of the scapular position, and dynamic scapular elevation, modulate the contraction timing of five shoulder muscles (middle deltoid, upper, middle and lower fiber of the trapezius, serratus anterior) during shoulder abduction. The results show matched contraction timings of the deltoid and upper trapezius across the scapular positions, whereas the contraction timings of the middle and lower fibers of the trapezius change secondary to the scapular position. These results might reflect different central strategies to coordinate the automatic sequences of contraction of the scapulothoracic muscles. This suggest a flexible and adaptable predisposition of the motor control system in exploring alternative solutions to accomplish the functional movement needs, such as the fulfillment of unconstrained movements. Intriguingly, the shoulder abduction may represent a powerful, non-invasive, and straightforward tool to deepen the understanding of the neural basis underlying the voluntary motor command modulation of the out-of-volition automatic muscle contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Contemori
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roberto Panichi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Biscarini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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