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Effect of Manual Wheelchair Type on Mobility Performance, Cardiorespiratory Responses, and Perceived Exertion. Rehabil Res Pract 2022; 2022:5554571. [PMID: 35726217 PMCID: PMC9206577 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5554571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at comparing the design and configuration of the most commonly used manual wheelchair models through cardiorespiratory responses, perceived exertion, and mobility performance using two different manual wheelchairs, during mobility tasks. A within-group 2 × 3 × 2 controlled experiment was designed with three independent and four dependent variables. The independent variables included wheelchairs, with the levels active wheelchair with a rigid frame and passive wheelchair with foldable frame; conditions with the levels straight line, slalom, and agility; and speed with levels comfortable and fast. Dependent variables included oxygen uptake (VO2), distance travelled, speed, and perceived exertion. Results show that the active wheelchair yielded more beneficial characteristics although only the effect of wheelchair type on VO2 efficiency (oxygen uptake per meter travelled) was statistically significant with a large effect size (F(1, 14) = 118.298, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.541). The better VO2 efficiency was achieved with the active wheelchair under all tested conditions. The effect of wheelchair type on Borg scores was also statistically significant, although with a small effect size (F(1, 14) = 10.340, p = 0.006, η2 = 0.119); thus, active wheelchair use had lower Borg scores under all trials and was considered less exhausting than the passive wheelchair. In summary, use of the active wheelchair resulted in the users expending less energy per meter travelled and at the same time experiencing less fatigue. This may benefit overall wheelchair mobility and possibly reduce health complications.
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Baumgart JK, Brurok B, Sandbakk Ø. Peak oxygen uptake in Paralympic sitting sports: A systematic literature review, meta- and pooled-data analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192903. [PMID: 29474386 PMCID: PMC5825058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in Paralympic sitting sports athletes represents their maximal ability to deliver energy aerobically in an upper-body mode, with values being influenced by sex, disability-related physiological limitations, sport-specific demands, training status and how they are tested. Objectives To identify VO2peak values in Paralympic sitting sports, examine between-sports differences and within-sports variations in VO2peak and determine the influence of sex, age, body-mass, disability and test-mode on VO2peak. Design Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscusTM and EMBASE were systematically searched in October 2016 using relevant medical subject headings, keywords and a Boolean. Eligibility criteria Studies that assessed VO2peak values in sitting sports athletes with a disability in a laboratory setting were included. Data synthesis Data was extracted and pooled in the different sports disciplines, weighted by the Dersimonian and Laird random effects approach. Quality of the included studies was assessed with a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist by two independent reviewers. Meta-regression and pooled-data multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the influence of sex, age, body-mass, disability, test mode and study quality on VO2peak. Results Of 6542 retrieved articles, 57 studies reporting VO2peak values in 14 different sitting sports were included in this review. VO2peak values from 771 athletes were used in the data analysis, of which 30% participated in wheelchair basketball, 27% in wheelchair racing, 15% in wheelchair rugby and the remaining 28% in the 11 other disciplines. Fifty-six percent of the athletes had a spinal cord injury and 87% were men. Sports-discipline-averaged VO2peak values ranged from 2.9 L∙min-1 and 45.6 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 in Nordic sit skiing to 1.4 L∙min-1 and 17.3 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 in shooting and 1.3 L∙min-1 and 18.9 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 in wheelchair rugby. Large within-sports variation was found in sports with few included studies and corresponding low sample sizes. The meta-regression and pooled-data multiple regression analyses showed that being a man, having an amputation, not being tetraplegic, testing in a wheelchair ergometer and treadmill mode, were found to be favorable for high absolute and body-mass normalized VO2peak values. Furthermore, high body mass was favourable for high absolute VO2peak values and low body mass for high body-mass normalized VO2peak values. Conclusion The highest VO2peak values were found in Nordic sit skiing, an endurance sport with continuously high physical efforts, and the lowest values in shooting, a sport with low levels of displacement, and in wheelchair rugby where mainly athletes with tetraplegia compete. However, VO2peak values need to be interpreted carefully in sports-disciplines with few included studies and large within-sports variation. Future studies should include detailed information on training status, sex, age, test mode, as well as the type and extent of disability in order to more precisely evaluate the effect of these factors on VO2peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kathrin Baumgart
- Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Berit Brurok
- Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øyvind Sandbakk
- Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Perret C, Wenger M, Leicht CA, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Locomotor-Respiratory Coupling in Wheelchair Racing Athletes: A Pilot Study. Front Physiol 2016; 7:11. [PMID: 26858655 PMCID: PMC4731497 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In wheelchair racing, respiratory muscles of the rib cage are concomitantly involved in non-ventilatory functions during wheelchair propulsion. However, the relationship between locomotor-respiratory coupling (LRC: the ratio between push and breathing frequency), respiratory parameters and work efficiency is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the LRC in wheelchair racers over different race distances. Methods: Eight trained and experienced wheelchair racers completed three time-trials over the distances of 400, 800, and 5000 m on a training roller in randomized order. During the time trials, ventilatory and gas exchange variables as well as push frequency were continuously registered to determine possible LRC strategies. Results: Four different coupling ratios were identified, namely 1:1; 2:1, 3:1 as well as a 1:1/2:1 alternating type, respectively. The 2:1 coupling was the most dominant type. The 1:1/2:1 alternating coupling type was found predominantly during the 400 m time-trial. Longer race distances tended to result in an increased coupling ratio (e.g., from 1:1 toward 2:1), and an increase in coupling ratio toward a more efficient respiration was found over the 5000 m distance. A significant correlation (r = 0.80, p < 0.05) between respiratory frequency and the respiratory equivalent for oxygen was found for the 400 m and the 800 m time-trials. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a higher coupling ratio indicates enhanced breathing work efficiency with a concomitant deeper and slower respiration during wheelchair racing. Thus, the selection of an appropriate LRC strategy may help to optimize wheelchair racing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Perret
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic CentreNottwil, Switzerland; European Research Group in Disability Sport
| | - Martin Wenger
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christof A Leicht
- European Research Group in Disability Sport; The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK
| | - Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey
- European Research Group in Disability Sport; The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK
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Pastucha D, Malinčíková J, Horák S, Povová J, Konečný P. Effect of Physical Activity in Treatment of Paediatric Obesity. Cent Eur J Public Health 2016; 23 Suppl:S57-61. [PMID: 26849545 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the differences in anthropometric parameters, maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) and physical activity (PA) between groups of 146 obese boys and 128 obese girls. We tried to describe the relationships between changes in PA and changes in VO₂max, body fat, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference. We found statistically significant changes in VO₂max and waist circumference only in the group of boys and significant changes in VO₂max in the group of girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Pastucha
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Malinčíková
- Department of Exercise Medicine and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Horák
- Department of Exercise Medicine and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Povová
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Konečný
- International Clinical Research Centre Hospital of St. Anna and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Zukowski LA, Roper JA, Shechtman O, Otzel DM, Bouwkamp J, Tillman MD. Comparison of metabolic cost, performance, and efficiency of propulsion using an ergonomic hand drive mechanism and a conventional manual wheelchair. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013; 95:546-51. [PMID: 24016403 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the metabolic cost (oxygen uptake per unit time [V˙o2 consumption], heart rate, and number of pushes), performance (velocity and distance traveled), and efficiency (oxygen uptake per distance traveled [Vo2 efficiency]) of propulsion using a novel ergonomic hand drive mechanism (EHDM) and a conventional manual wheelchair (CMW). DESIGN Repeated-measures crossover design. SETTING Semicircular track. PARTICIPANTS Adult full-time manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries (N=12; mean age ± SD, 38.8±12.4y; mean body mass ± SD, 73.7±13.3kg; mean height ± SD, 173.6±11.1cm) who were medically and functionally stable and at least 6 months postinjury. INTERVENTION Participants propelled themselves for 3.5 minutes at a self-selected pace in a CMW and in the same chair fitted with the EHDM. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Velocity, distance traveled, number of pushes, V˙o2 consumption, Vo2 efficiency, and heart rate were compared by wheelchair condition for the last 30 seconds of each trial using paired t tests (α=.01). RESULTS The CMW condition resulted in more distance traveled (33.6±10.8m vs 22.4±7.8m; P=.001), greater velocity (1.12±0.4m/s vs .75±.30m/s; P=.001), and better Vo2 efficiency (.10±.03mL·kg(-1)·m(-1) vs .15±.03mL·kg(-1)·m(-1); P<.001) than the EHDM condition, respectively. No significant differences were found between the 2 conditions for number of pushes (27.5±5.7 vs 25.7±5.4; P=.366), V˙o2 consumption (6.43±1.9mL·kg(-1)·min(-1) vs 6.19±1.7mL·kg(-1)·min(-1); P=.573), or heart rate (100.5±14.5 beats per minute vs 97.4±20.2 beats per minute; P=.42). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that metabolic costs did not differ significantly; however, performance and efficiency were sacrificed with the EHDM. Modifications to the EHDM (eg, addition of gearing) could rectify the performance and efficiency decrements while maintaining similar metabolic costs. Although not an ideal technology, the EHDM can be considered as an alternative mode of mobility by wheelchair users and rehabilitation specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Zukowski
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
| | - Jaimie A Roper
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Orit Shechtman
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Dana M Otzel
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jason Bouwkamp
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mark D Tillman
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Leicht CA, Bishop NC, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Submaximal exercise responses in tetraplegic, paraplegic and non spinal cord injured elite wheelchair athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 22:729-36. [PMID: 21599755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether similar exercise prescription, based on physiological markers, can be applied to subgroups of wheelchair athletes with different disabilities. Therefore, 25 wheelchair athletes, divided into three subgroups [eight tetraplegic (TETRA), nine paraplegic (PARA) and eight non spinal cord injured (NON-SCI)], performed an exercise test consisting of incremental submaximal stages, covering a range from 40% to 80% peak oxygen uptake (%VO(2peak) ). Oxygen uptake (VO(2)), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLa) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were obtained for each stage. Expressed as a function of BLa, no differences were found between subgroups with respect to %VO(2peak) (group mean ± SD: 1.0 mmol/L: 53.9 ± 9.9%; 2.0 mmol/L: 70.7 ± 7.5%; 3.0 mmol/L: 78.5 ± 7.7%) and RPE [group mean (lower and upper quartile): 1.0 mmol/L: 10.8 (9.9, 12.2); 2.0 mmol/L: 13.6 (12.7, 14.3); 3.0 mmol/L: 14.9 (13.7, 16.5)]. Furthermore, no differences were found in the coefficient of determination (R(2) ) of the HR-VO(2) relationship in any of the subgroups (TETRA: 0.90 ± 0.12; PARA: 0.97 ± 0.02; NON-SCI: 0.96 ± 0.04). These results suggest that exercise prescription using measurements of VO(2), BLa or RPE can be based on the same recommendations in all the subgroups studied. This finding has added value for TETRA athletes, as it offers alternatives to HR monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Leicht
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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GOOSEY-TOLFREY VICTORIA, LENTON JOHN, GODDARD JIMMY, OLDFIELD VICTORIA, TOLFREY KEITH, ESTON ROGER. Regulating Intensity Using Perceived Exertion in Spinal Cord-Injured Participants. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:608-13. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b72cbc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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de Lira CAB, Vancini RL, Minozzo FC, Sousa BS, Dubas JP, Andrade MS, Steinberg LL, da Silva AC. Relationship between aerobic and anaerobic parameters and functional classification in wheelchair basketball players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009; 20:638-43. [PMID: 19793219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Participation in sports for individuals with disabilities continues to gain popularity. In order to provide fair and equitable competition among persons with different disabilities and functional capacity, a separate functional classification system has been devised for each sport. The aims of the present study were to evaluate aerobic and anaerobic performance of wheelchair basketball athletes and verify a correlation with the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation functional classification system. For this, 17 highly trained male Brazilian basketball wheelchair athletes (25.4+/-4.4 years) from the national team who had taken part in the Athens 2004 Paralympic Games were assessed. These athletes were submitted to cardiopulmonary exercise testing and Wingate-like 30-s sprint test using upper limbs. The present study demonstrated that the functional classification score correlated with relative (r=0.90; P<0.0001) and absolute peak power (r=0.50; P=0.0353) and absolute mean power (r=0.93; P<0.0001) obtained from the Wingate-like 30-s sprint test and also correlated with absolute O(2) peak (r=0.68; P=0.0026) and O(2) at ventilatory threshold (r=0.71; P=0.0014), measured on cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Therefore, our findings support the functional classification created to classify athletes' functional capability on the court, which also correlated with aerobic and anaerobic performance parameters of the elite wheelchair basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A B de Lira
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Valent LJM, Dallmeijer AJ, Houdijk H, Slootman J, Janssen TWJ, Hollander AP, van der Woude LHV. The individual relationship between heart rate and oxygen uptake in people with a tetraplegia during exercise. Spinal Cord 2006; 45:104-11. [PMID: 16801936 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study. OBJECTIVE To examine the individual heart rate-oxygen uptake (HR-VO(2)) relationship during exercise in persons with tetraplegia (TP). SETTING Rehabilitation Centre Heliomare, Wijk aan Zee, The Netherlands. METHODS The HR-VO(2) relationship was determined in untrained subjects with motor complete TP (C5 or C6, n=10 and C7 or C8, n=10) during a discontinuous graded exercise hand cycle test. The mean HR and VO(2) of the final 60 s of 2-min exercise blocks were used for calculation of the individual correlation coefficient and the standard error of the estimate (SEE). RESULTS Two subjects of the C5-C6 group were not able to complete the test. Individual Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.68 to 0.97 and SEE from 2.6 to 22.4% VO(2)-Reserve (VO(2)R). The mean Pearson's r and SEE were 0.81+/-0.12 and 10.6+/-5.6% VO(2)R in the C5-C6 group and 0.91+/-0.07 and 7.0+/-3.2% VO(2)R in the C7-C8 group, respectively. Two subjects of the C5-C6 group and six subjects of the C7-C8 group attained a linear HR-VO(2) relationship with an acceptable SEE (< or =6.0%) and r (>0.90). CONCLUSIONS The HR-VO(2) relationship appeared linear in only eight out of 18 subjects. An individual analysis of the HR-VO(2) relationship is necessary to determine whether HR can be used to quantify exercise intensity. The use of HR to prescribe training intensity should be reconsidered in persons with TP. SPONSORSHIP This study is supported from a grant by ZON-MW.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J M Valent
- Heliomare Rehabilitation Centre, Relweg 51, 1949 EC Wijk aan Zee, The Netherlands
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Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Batterham AM, Tolfrey K. Scaling behavior of VO2peak in trained wheelchair athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 35:2106-11. [PMID: 14652509 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000099106.33943.8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the scaling behavior of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in wheelchair athletes, adjusting for known covariates. METHODS Body mass, VO2peak, and an estimate of adiposity (sum of four skinfolds) were determined in a sample of 45 highly trained wheelchair basketball and racing athletes. The participants were classified as possessing either "high" or "low" trunk stability and balance using recognized sporting classifications. A wheelchair ergometer was used to obtain the VO2peak measurements. The relationship between VO2peak and body mass was obtained via a nonlinear allometric model with the sum of four skinfolds, trunk stability and balance, and chronological age entered as covariates. RESULTS The point estimate exponent for body mass was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.54-1.10). After controlling for the influence of body mass, adiposity, and age, the wheelchair athletes with greater trunk stability and balance had on average an 11% greater VO2peak. The regression model explained 54% of the sample variance in VO2peak. CONCLUSIONS The obtained mass exponent of 0.82 is congruent with that predicted from the multiple-causes allometric cascade model and consideration of the physiological characteristics of spinal cord injured athletes. To compare the body size-independent VO2peak values of athletes within the study sample, the mass exponent of 0.82 may be adopted (i.e., mL x kg(-0.82) x min(-1)). The uncertainty in the point estimate, reflected in the relatively wide 95% CI, highlights the need for further research with larger samples to increase the precision of estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Alsager, United Kingdom
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