Characterization of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits from Eremopyrum bonaepartis and identification of a novel variant with unusual high molecular weight and altered cysteine residues

Aegilops sharonensis HMW-GSs with unusually large molecular weight improves bread-making quality in wheat-Ae. sharonensis introgression lines

BACKGROUND

Eighteen wheat (Triticum aestivum-Aegilops sharonensis) introgression lines were generated in the previous study. These lines possessed four types of high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) combinations consisting of one glutenin from Ae. sharonensis (Glu-1S^sh ) plus one or more HMW-GSs from common wheat (Glu-A1, Glu-B1, or Glu-D1).

RESULTS

In this study, we conducted quality tests to explore the effects of 1S^sh x2.3 and 1S^sh y2.9 on the processing quality of 18 wheat-Aegilops sharonensis introgression lines. Our data showed that the 1S^sh x2.3 and 1S^sh y2.9 subunits had a positive effect on gluten and baking quality. The bread volume of all these lines was higher than that of the parental wheat line LM3. In these lines, the HMW-GS content and the HMW/LMW ratio of 66-36-11 were higher than those of LM3, and the 66-36-11 line exhibited greatly improved quality parameters in comparison with the parent LM3.

CONCLUSION

These results demonstrated that the 1S^sh x2.3 and 1S^sh y2.9 subunits from Ae. sharonensis contributed immensely to gluten strength and bread-baking quality, and proved a positive relationship between the HMW-GS sizes and their effects on dough strength in vivo. The materials developed could be used by breeding programs aiming to increase bread-making quality. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

The production of wheat - Aegilops sharonensis 1Ssh chromosome substitution lines harboring alien novel high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits

In our previous work, a novel high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) with an extremely large molecular weight from Aegilops sharonensis was identified that may contribute to excellent wheat (Triticum aestivum) processing quality and increased dough strength, and we further generated HMW-GS homozygous lines by crossing. In this study, we crossed the HMW-GS homozygous line 66-17-52 with 'Chinese Spring' Ph1 mutant CS ph1b to induce chromosome recombination between wheat and Ae. sharonensis. SDS-PAGE was used to identify 19 derived F₂ lines with the HMW-GSs of Ae sharonensis. The results of non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) indicated that lines 6-1 and 6-7 possessed a substitution of both 5D chromosomes by a pair of 1S^sh chromosomes. Further verification by newly developed 1S^sh-specific chromosome markers showed that these two lines amplified the expected fragment. Thus, it was concluded that lines 6-1 and 6-7 are 1S^sh(5D) chromosome substitution lines. The 1S^sh(5D) chromosome substitution lines, possessing alien subunits with satisfactory quality-associated structural features of large repetitive domains and increased number of subunits, may have great potential in strengthening the viscosity and elasticity of dough made from wheat flour. Therefore, these substitution lines can be used for wheat quality improvement and further production of 1S^sh translocation lines.

Molecular characterization of the IgE-binding epitopes in the fast ω-gliadins of Triticeae in relation to wheat-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis

Fast ω-gliadins were minor components of wheat storage proteins but a major antigen triggering allergy to wheat. Sixty-six novel full-length fast ω-gliadin genes with unique characteristics were cloned and sequenced from wheat and its relative species using a PCR-based strategy. Their coding regions ranged from 177bp to 987bp in length and encoded 4.28kDa to 37.56kDa proteins. On the base of first three deduced amino acids at the N-terminal, these genes could be classified into the six subclasses of SRL-, TRQ-, GRL-, NRL-, SRP- and SRM-type ω-gliadin genes. Compared by multiple alignments, these genes were significantly different from each other, due to the insertion or deletion at the repetitive domain. An analysis of the IgE-binding epitopes of the 66 deduced fast ω-gliadins demonstrated that they contained 0-24 IgE-binding epitopes. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the fast ω-gliadins and slow ω-gliadins were separated into two groups and their divergence time was 21.64millionyears ago. Sequence data of the fast ω-gliadin genes assist in the study of the origins and evolutions of the different types of ω-gliadins while also providing a basis for the synthesis of monoclonal antibodies to detect wheat antigen content.

Characterization of a novel y-type HMW-GS with eight cysteine residues from Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum

The composition and number of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) play important roles in determining the grain-processing quality of common wheat. The Glu-1Ay allele is silent in common wheat. In this study, an active y-type HMW-GS allele termed 1Ay8.2 (GenBank No. KP137569) was identified from Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum (AmAm, 2n=2x=14), a species with a genome related to the A-genome of common wheat. Compared with previously reported active 1Ay subunits, this novel subunit contained an extra cysteine residue at position 103 of the amino acid sequence in the N-terminal region, in addition to the six cysteines in the N- and C-terminal regions found in most active 1Ay subunits and the one in the repetitive region that appears in only a few 1Ay alleles. This subunit was expressed in an amphiploid (AAAmAmBB, 2n=6x=42) between Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccon and T. monococcum ssp. monococcum. This amphiploid could be used as a bridge to transfer 1Ay8.2 into common wheat cultivars. Replacing the silenced 1Ay in common wheat with the active 1Ay8.2 allele harboring an extra cysteine residue is expected to improve the quality by increasing the number of HMW-GSs and promoting the formation of covalent interactions through disulfide bonds with the extra cysteine residue.

Isolation and characterization of novel Glu-St1 alleles from Pseudoroegneria spicata and Pd. strigosa

Pseudoroegneria is a small genus of the Triticeae tribe; its St genome is present in over half of allopolyploid Triticeae species. The high molecular weight (HMW) subunits of glutenin (GS) encoded by the St genome are not well described. In this paper, we report the characterization of fourteen alleles of HMW-GS genes from the two species Pd. spicata and Pd. strigosa. Analysis shows that all fourteen sequences possess a typical primary structure shared by other known HMW-GS, but with some unique modifications. All fourteen Glu-St1 alleles are significantly smaller than normal Glu-1 genes due to fewer repeat motifs in a repetitive region with no indication of large deletion in other conserved regions. Thus, the small size is a common feature of HMW-GS encoded by Glu-St1 loci of Pseudoroegneria species. Sequence analysis indicated that all fourteen Glu-St1 alleles were intermediate type between x- and y-type, which represent an intermediate stage in the evolutionary divergence of x- and y-type subunits.