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Yi F, Li Y, Song A, Shi X, Hu S, Wu S, Shao L, Chu Z, Xu K, Li L, Tran LP, Li W, Cai Y. Positive roles of the Ca 2+ sensors GbCML45 and GbCML50 in improving cotton Verticillium wilt resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13483. [PMID: 38829344 PMCID: PMC11146148 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
As a universal second messenger, cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) functions in multifaceted intracellular processes, including growth, development and responses to biotic/abiotic stresses in plant. The plant-specific Ca2+ sensors, calmodulin and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins, function as members of the second-messenger system to transfer Ca2+ signal into downstream responses. However, the functions of CMLs in the responses of cotton (Gossypium spp.) after Verticillium dahliae infection, which causes the serious vascular disease Verticillium wilt, remain elusive. Here, we discovered that the expression level of GbCML45 was promoted after V. dahliae infection in roots of cotton, suggesting its potential role in Verticillium wilt resistance. We found that knockdown of GbCML45 in cotton plants decreased resistance while overexpression of GbCML45 in Arabidopsis thaliana plants enhanced resistance to V. dahliae infection. Furthermore, there was physiological interaction between GbCML45 and its close homologue GbCML50 by using yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence assays, and both proteins enhanced cotton resistance to V. dahliae infection in a Ca2+-dependent way in a knockdown study. Detailed investigations indicated that several defence-related pathways, including salicylic acid, ethylene, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide signalling pathways, as well as accumulations of lignin and callose, are responsible for GbCML45- and GbCML50-modulated V. dahliae resistance in cotton. These results collectively indicated that GbCML45 and GbCML50 act as positive regulators to improve cotton Verticillium wilt resistance, providing potential targets for exploitation of improved Verticillium wilt-tolerant cotton cultivars by genetic engineering and molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Yuzhe Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Aosong Song
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Xinying Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Shanci Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Shuang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Lili Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Zongyan Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Kun Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
- Jilin Da'an Agro‐Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Liangliang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro‐Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Lam‐Son Phan Tran
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress ResistanceTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro‐Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Yingfan Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Utilization, School of Life SciencesSanya Institute, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
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Zeng H, Zhu Q, Yuan P, Yan Y, Yi K, Du L. Calmodulin and calmodulin-like protein-mediated plant responses to biotic stresses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3680-3703. [PMID: 37575022 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a set of finely regulated mechanisms to respond to various biotic stresses. Transient changes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) concentration have been well documented to act as cellular signals in coupling environmental stimuli to appropriate physiological responses with astonishing accuracy and specificity in plants. Calmodulins (CaMs) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are extensively characterized as important classes of Ca2+ sensors. The spatial-temporal coordination between Ca2+ transients, CaMs/CMLs and their target proteins is critical for plant responses to environmental stresses. Ca2+ -loaded CaMs/CMLs interact with and regulate a broad spectrum of target proteins, such as ion transporters (including channels, pumps, and antiporters), transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, metabolic enzymes and proteins with unknown biological functions. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying how CaMs/CMLs are involved in the regulation of plant responses to diverse biotic stresses including pathogen infections and herbivore attacks. Recent discoveries of crucial functions of CaMs/CMLs and their target proteins in biotic stress resistance revealed through physiological, molecular, biochemical, and genetic analyses have been described, and intriguing insights into the CaM/CML-mediated regulatory network are proposed. Perspectives for future directions in understanding CaM/CML-mediated signalling pathways in plant responses to biotic stresses are discussed. The application of accumulated knowledge of CaM/CML-mediated signalling in biotic stress responses into crop cultivation would improve crop resistance to various biotic stresses and safeguard our food production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuqing Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiguo Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Keke Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Du
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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von Bongartz K, Sabelleck B, Baquero Forero A, Kuhn H, Leissing F, Panstruga R. Comprehensive comparative assessment of the Arabidopsis thaliana MLO2-CALMODULIN2 interaction by various in vitro and in vivo protein-protein interaction assays. Biochem J 2023; 480:1615-1638. [PMID: 37767715 PMCID: PMC10586775 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Mildew resistance locus o (MLO) proteins are heptahelical integral membrane proteins of which some isoforms act as susceptibility factors for the powdery mildew pathogen. In many angiosperm plant species, loss-of-function mlo mutants confer durable broad-spectrum resistance against the fungal disease. Barley Mlo is known to interact via a cytosolic carboxyl-terminal domain with the intracellular calcium sensor calmodulin (CAM) in a calcium-dependent manner. Site-directed mutagenesis has revealed key amino acid residues in the barley Mlo calmodulin-binding domain (CAMBD) that, when mutated, affect the MLO-CAM association. We here tested the respective interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana MLO2 and CAM2 using seven different types of in vitro and in vivo protein-protein interaction assays. In each assay, we deployed a wild-type version of either the MLO2 carboxyl terminus (MLO2CT), harboring the CAMBD, or the MLO2 full-length protein and corresponding mutant variants in which two key residues within the CAMBD were substituted by non-functional amino acids. We focused in particular on the substitution of two hydrophobic amino acids (LW/RR mutant) and found in most protein-protein interaction experiments reduced binding of CAM2 to the corresponding MLO2/MLO2CT-LW/RR mutant variants in comparison with the respective wild-type versions. However, the Ura3-based yeast split-ubiquitin system and in planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays failed to indicate reduced CAM2 binding to the mutated CAMBD. Our data shed further light on the interaction of MLO and CAM proteins and provide a comprehensive comparative assessment of different types of protein-protein interaction assays with wild-type and mutant versions of an integral membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira von Bongartz
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn Sabelleck
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anežka Baquero Forero
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hannah Kuhn
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franz Leissing
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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4
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von Bongartz K, Sabelleck B, Forero AB, Kuhn H, Leissing F, Panstruga R. Comprehensive comparative assessment of the Arabidopsis thaliana MLO2-calmodulin interaction by various in vitro and in vivo protein-protein interaction assays. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.25.525488. [PMID: 36747653 PMCID: PMC9900802 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.525488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mildew resistance locus o (MLO) proteins are heptahelical integral membrane proteins of which some isoforms act as susceptibility factors for the fungal powdery mildew pathogen. In many angiosperm plant species, loss-of-function mlo mutants confer durable broad-spectrum resistance against the powdery mildew disease. Barley Mlo is known to interact via a cytosolic carboxyl-terminal domain with the intracellular calcium sensor calmodulin (CAM) in a calcium-dependent manner. Site-directed mutagenesis has revealed key amino acid residues in the barley Mlo calcium-binding domain (CAMBD) that, when mutated, affect the MLO-CAM association. We here tested the respective interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana MLO2 and CAM2 using seven different types of in vitro and in vivo protein-protein interaction assays. In each assay, we deployed a wild-type version of either the MLO2 carboxyl terminus (MLO2 CT ), harboring the CAMBD, or the MLO2 full-length protein and corresponding mutant variants in which two key residues within the CAMBD were substituted by non-functional amino acids. We focused in particular on the substitution of two hydrophobic amino acids (LW/RR mutant) and found in most protein-protein interaction experiments reduced binding of CAM2 to the corresponding MLO2/MLO2 CT LW/RR mutant variants in comparison to the respective wild-type versions. However, the Ura3-based yeast split-ubiquitin system and in planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays failed to indicate reduced CAM2 binding to the mutated CAMBD. Our data shed further light on the interaction of MLO and CAM proteins and provide a comprehensive comparative assessment of different types of protein-protein interaction assays with wild-type and mutant versions of an integral membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira von Bongartz
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn Sabelleck
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anežka Baquero Forero
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hannah Kuhn
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franz Leissing
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Vuong UT, Iswanto ABB, Nguyen Q, Kang H, Lee J, Moon J, Kim SH. Engineering plant immune circuit: walking to the bright future with a novel toolbox. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:17-45. [PMID: 36036862 PMCID: PMC9829404 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens destroy crops and cause severe yield losses, leading to an insufficient food supply to sustain the human population. Apart from relying on natural plant immune systems to combat biological agents or waiting for the appropriate evolutionary steps to occur over time, researchers are currently seeking new breakthrough methods to boost disease resistance in plants through genetic engineering. Here, we summarize the past two decades of research in disease resistance engineering against an assortment of pathogens through modifying the plant immune components (internal and external) with several biotechnological techniques. We also discuss potential strategies and provide perspectives on engineering plant immune systems for enhanced pathogen resistance and plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Thi Vuong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Quang‐Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hobin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
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6
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Reimer JJ, Thiele B, Biermann RT, Junker-Frohn LV, Wiese-Klinkenberg A, Usadel B, Wormit A. Tomato leaves under stress: a comparison of stress response to mild abiotic stress between a cultivated and a wild tomato species. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:177-206. [PMID: 34677706 PMCID: PMC8553704 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most produced crop plants on earth and growing in the fields and greenhouses all over the world. Breeding with known traits of wild species can enhance stress tolerance of cultivated crops. In this study, we investigated responses of the transcriptome as well as primary and secondary metabolites in leaves of a cultivated and a wild tomato to several abiotic stresses such as nitrogen deficiency, chilling or warmer temperatures, elevated light intensities and combinations thereof. The wild species responded different to varied temperature conditions compared to the cultivated tomato. Nitrogen deficiency caused the strongest responses and induced in particular the secondary metabolism in both species but to much higher extent in the cultivated tomato. Our study supports the potential of a targeted induction of valuable secondary metabolites in green residues of horticultural production, that will otherwise only be composted after fruit harvest. In particular, the cultivated tomato showed a strong induction in the group of mono caffeoylquinic acids in response to nitrogen deficiency. In addition, the observed differences in stress responses between cultivated and wild tomato can lead to new breeding targets for better stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Reimer
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, PtJ, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Thiele
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robin T Biermann
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Laura V Junker-Frohn
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anika Wiese-Klinkenberg
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Bioinformatics (IBG-4), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Bioinformatics (IBG-4), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Chair of Biological Data Science, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wormit
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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Xin J, Liu Y, Li H, Chen S, Jiang J, Song A, Fang W, Chen F. CmMLO17 and its partner CmKIC potentially support Alternaria alternata growth in Chrysanthemum morifolium. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:101. [PMID: 33931614 PMCID: PMC8087703 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The Mildew Resistance Locus O (MLO) gene family has been investigated in many species. However, there are few studies on chrysanthemum MLO genes. We report in this study that CmMLO17 in Chrysanthemum morifolium was upregulated after Alternaria alternata infection. Silencing of CmMLO17 by artificial microRNA resulted in reduced susceptibility of chrysanthemum to A. alternata infection. Genes in the abscisic acid (ABA) and Ca2+ signaling pathways were upregulated in the CmMLO17-silenced line R20 compared to the wild-type plants. We speculated that CmMLO17-silenced plants had a faster and stronger defense response that was mediated by the ABA and Ca2+ signaling pathways, resulting in reduced susceptibility of chrysanthemum to A. alternata infection. In addition, a candidate gene, CmKIC, that may interact with CmMLO17 was discovered by the yeast two-hybrid assay. The interaction between CmMLO17 and CmKIC was confirmed using the yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis. CmMLO17 and CmKIC were both located on the plasma membrane, and CmKIC was also located on the nucleus. CmKIC overexpression increased the susceptibility of chrysanthemum to A. alternata, whereas CmKIC silencing resulted in reduced susceptibility. Therefore, CmMLO17 and CmKIC may work together in C. morifolium to support the growth of A. alternata. The results of this study will provide insight into the potential function of MLO and improve the understanding of plant defense responses to necrotrophic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Aiping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weimin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Yang S, Shi Y, Zou L, Huang J, Shen L, Wang Y, Guan D, He S. Pepper CaMLO6 Negatively Regulates Ralstonia solanacearum Resistance and Positively Regulates High Temperature and High Humidity Responses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1223-1238. [PMID: 32343804 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant mildew-resistance locus O (MLO) proteins influence susceptibility to powdery mildew. However, their roles in plant responses to other pathogens and heat stress remain unclear. Here, we showed that CaMLO6, a pepper (Capsicum annuum) member of MLO clade V, is a protein targeted to plasma membrane and probably endoplasmic reticulum. The transcript expression level of CaMLO6 was upregulated in the roots and leaves of pepper plants challenged with high temperature and high humidity (HTHH) and was upregulated in leaves but downregulated in roots of plants infected with the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. CaMLO6 was also directly upregulated by CaWRKY40 upon HTHH but downregulated by CaWRKY40 upon R. solanacearum infection. Virus-induced gene silencing of CaMLO6 significantly decreased pepper HTHH tolerance and R. solanacearum susceptibility. Moreover, CaMLO6 overexpression enhanced the susceptibility of Nicotiana benthamiana and pepper plants to R. solanacearum and their tolerance to HTHH, effects that were associated with the expression of immunity- and thermotolerance-associated marker genes, respectively. These results suggest that CaMLO6 acts as a positive regulator in response to HTHH but a negative regulator in response to R. solanacearum. Moreover, CaMLO6 is transcriptionally affected by R. solanacearum and HTHH; these transcriptional responses are at least partially regulated by CaWRKY40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Longyun Zou
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jinfeng Huang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lei Shen
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Shi J, Wan H, Zai W, Xiong Z, Wu W. Phylogenetic Relationship of Plant MLO Genes and Transcriptional Response of MLO Genes to Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomato. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E487. [PMID: 32365643 PMCID: PMC7291212 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a broad-spectrum disease resistance factor, MLO is involved in a variety of biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. To figure out the structural features, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns of MLO genes, we investigated the genome and transcriptome sequencing data of 28 plant species using bioinformatics tools. A total of 197 MLO genes were identified. They possessed 5-7 transmembrane domains, but only partially contained a calmodulin-binding domain. A total of 359 polymorphic sites and 142 haplotypes were found in 143 sequences, indicating the rich nucleotide diversity of MLO genes. The MLO genes were unevenly distributed on chromosomes or scaffolds and were mainly located at the ends, forming clusters (24.1% genes), tandem duplicates (5.7%), and segment duplicates (36.2%). The MLO genes could be classified into three groups by phylogenetic analysis. The angiosperm genes were mainly in subgroup IA, Selaginella moellendorffii genes were in subgroup IA and IIIB, Physcomitrella patens genes were in subgroup IB and IIIA, and almost all algae genes were in group II. About half of the MLO genes had homologs within and across species. The Ka/Ks values were all less than 1, varying 0.01-0.78, suggesting that purifying selection had occurred in MLO gene evolution. In tomato, RNA-seq data indicated that SlMLO genes were highly expressed in roots, followed by flowers, buds, and leaves, and also regulated by different biotic stresses. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that SlMLO genes could respond to tomato bacterial wilt, with SlMLO1, SlMLO2, SlMLO4, and SlMLO6 probably involved in the susceptibility response, whereas SlMLO14 and SlMLO16 being the opposite. These results lay a foundation for the isolation and application of related genes in plant disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, China; (W.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Hongjian Wan
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Wenshan Zai
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, China; (W.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zili Xiong
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, China; (W.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Weiren Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
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Yu G, Wang X, Chen Q, Cui N, Yu Y, Fan H. Cucumber Mildew Resistance Locus O Interacts with Calmodulin and Regulates Plant Cell Death Associated with Plant Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2995. [PMID: 31248151 PMCID: PMC6627319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen-induced cell death is closely related to plant disease susceptibility and resistance. The cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) mildew resistance locus O (CsMLO1) and calmodulin (CsCaM3) genes, as molecular components, are linked to nonhost resistance and hypersensitive cell death. In this study, we demonstrate that CsMLO1 interacts with CsCaM3 via yeast two-hybrid, firefly luciferase (LUC) complementation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments. A subcellular localization analysis of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion reveals that CsCaM3 is transferred from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana, and CsCaM3 green fluorescence is significantly attenuated via the coexpression of CsMLO1 and CsCaM3. CsMLO1 negatively regulates CsCaM3 expression in transiently transformed cucumbers, and hypersensitive cell death is disrupted by CsCaM3 and/or CsMLO1 expression under Corynespora cassiicola infection. Additionally, CsMLO1 silencing significantly enhances the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes (CsPO1, CsRbohD, and CsRbohF), defense marker genes (CsPR1 and CsPR3) and callose deposition-related gene (CsGSL) in infected cucumbers. These results suggest that the interaction of CsMLO1 with CsCaM3 may act as a cell death regulator associated with plant immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Yu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Qiumin Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Na Cui
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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11
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Choi S, Jayaraman J, Sohn KH. Arabidopsis thaliana SOBER1 (SUPPRESSOR OF AVRBST-ELICITED RESISTANCE 1) suppresses plant immunity triggered by multiple bacterial acetyltransferase effectors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:324-335. [PMID: 29577317 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants evolved disease resistance (R) proteins that recognize corresponding pathogen effectors and activate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). However, it is largely unknown why, in some cases, a suppressor of ETI exists in plants. Arabidopsis SOBER1 (Suppressor of AvrBsT-elicited Resistance 1) was identified previously as a suppressor of Xanthomonas acetyltransferase effector AvrBsT-triggered immunity. Nevertheless, the extent to which SOBER1 suppresses ETI is unclear. Here, we identified SOBER1 as a suppressor of Pseudomonas acetyltransferase effector HopZ5-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis using recombinant inbred lines. Further analysis showed that SOBER1 suppresses immunity triggered by multiple bacterial acetyltransferases. Interestingly, SOBER1 interferes with the immunity signalling activated by some but not all tested acetyltransferase effectors, indicating that SOBER1 might target components that are shared between several ETI pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Bioprotection Research Centre, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand
| | - Jay Jayaraman
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Bioprotection Research Centre, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Kee Hoon Sohn
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Bioprotection Research Centre, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
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Li R, Li R, Chen D, Wang T, Justice A, Li L, Zhao W. Mildew Resistance Locus O Gene Cloning, Characterization, and Expression Pattern in Mulberry (Morus multicaulis) and Its Prokaryotic Expression in E. coli. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162018010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Han SW, Hwang BK. Molecular functions of Xanthomonas type III effector AvrBsT and its plant interactors in cell death and defense signaling. PLANTA 2017; 245:237-253. [PMID: 27928637 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas effector AvrBsT interacts with plant defense proteins and triggers cell death and defense response. This review highlights our current understanding of the molecular functions of AvrBsT and its host interactor proteins. The AvrBsT protein is a member of a growing family of effector proteins in both plant and animal pathogens. Xanthomonas type III effector AvrBsT, a member of the YopJ/AvrRxv family, suppresses plant defense responses in susceptible hosts, but triggers cell death signaling leading to hypersensitive response (HR) and defense responses in resistant plants. AvrBsT interacts with host defense-related proteins to trigger the HR cell death and defense responses in plants. Here, we review and discuss recent progress in understanding the molecular functions of AvrBsT and its host interactor proteins in pepper (Capsicum annuum). Pepper arginine decarboxylase1 (CaADC1), pepper aldehyde dehydrogenase1 (CaALDH1), pepper heat shock protein 70a (CaHSP70a), pepper suppressor of the G2 allele of skp1 (CaSGT1), pepper SNF1-related kinase1 (SnRK1), and Arabidopsis acetylated interacting protein1 (ACIP1) have been identified as AvrBsT interactors in pepper and Arabidopsis. Gene expression profiling, virus-induced gene silencing, and transient transgenic overexpression approaches have advanced the functional characterization of AvrBsT-interacting proteins in plants. AvrBsT is localized in the cytoplasm and forms protein-protein complexes with host interactors. All identified AvrBsT interactors regulate HR cell death and defense responses in plants. Notably, CaSGT1 physically binds to both AvrBsT and pepper receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase1 (CaPIK1) in the cytoplasm. During infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria strain Ds1 (avrBsT), AvrBsT is phosphorylated by CaPIK1 and forms the active AvrBsT-CaSGT1-CaPIK1 complex, which ultimately triggers HR cell death and defense responses. Collectively, the AvrBsT interactor proteins are involved in plant cell death and immunity signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Wook Han
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kook Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Choi HW, Hwang BK. Molecular and cellular control of cell death and defense signaling in pepper. PLANTA 2015; 241:1-27. [PMID: 25252816 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) provides a good experimental system for studying the molecular and functional genomics underlying the ability of plants to defend themselves against microbial pathogens. Cell death is a genetically programmed response that requires specific host cellular factors. Hypersensitive response (HR) is defined as rapid cell death in response to a pathogen attack. Pepper plants respond to pathogen attacks by activating genetically controlled HR- or disease-associated cell death. HR cell death, specifically in incompatible interactions between pepper and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, is mediated by the molecular genetics and biochemical machinery that underlie pathogen-induced cell death in plants. Gene expression profiles during the HR-like cell death response, virus-induced gene silencing and transient and transgenic overexpression approaches are used to isolate and identify HR- or disease-associated cell death genes in pepper plants. Reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, cytosolic calcium ion and defense-related hormones such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene and abscisic acid are involved in the execution of pathogen-induced cell death in plants. In this review, we summarize recent molecular and cellular studies of the pepper cell death-mediated defense response, highlighting the signaling events of cell death in disease-resistant pepper plants. Comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the cellular functions of pepper cell death response genes will aid the development of novel practical approaches to enhance disease resistance in pepper, thereby helping to secure the future supply of safe and nutritious pepper plants worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyong Woo Choi
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
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