1
|
Hernández ML, Muñoz-Ocaña C, Posada P, Sicardo MD, Hornero-Méndez D, Gómez-Coca RB, Belaj A, Moreda W, Martínez-Rivas JM. Functional Characterization of Four Olive Squalene Synthases with Respect to the Squalene Content of the Virgin Olive Oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15701-15712. [PMID: 37815987 PMCID: PMC10723762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The release of new olive cultivars with an increased squalene content in their virgin olive oil is considered an important target in olive breeding programs. In this work, the variability of the squalene content in a core collection of 36 olive cultivars was first studied, revealing two olive cultivars, 'Dokkar' and 'Klon-14', with extremely low and high squalene contents in their oils, respectively. Next, four cDNA sequences encoding squalene synthases (SQS) were cloned from olive. Sequence analysis and functional expression in bacteria confirmed that they encode squalene synthases. Transcriptional analysis in distinct olive tissues and cultivars indicated that expression levels of these four SQS genes are spatially and temporally regulated in a cultivar-dependent manner and pointed to OeSQS2 as the gene mainly involved in squalene biosynthesis in olive mesocarp and, therefore, in the olive oil. In addition, the biosynthesis of squalene appears to be transcriptionally regulated in water-stressed olive mesocarp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Luisa Hernández
- Instituto
de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera Km.1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Ocaña
- Instituto
de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera Km.1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Posada
- Instituto
de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera Km.1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M. Dolores Sicardo
- Instituto
de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera Km.1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Dámaso Hornero-Méndez
- Instituto
de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera Km.1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Raquel B. Gómez-Coca
- Instituto
de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera Km.1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Angjelina Belaj
- IFAPA
Centro Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Wenceslao Moreda
- Instituto
de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera Km.1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Martínez-Rivas
- Instituto
de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera Km.1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Downregulation of Squalene Synthase Broadly Impacts Isoprenoid Biosynthesis in Guayule. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040303. [PMID: 35448489 PMCID: PMC9030042 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of natural rubber by Parthenium argentaum (guayule) requires increased yield for economic sustainability. An RNAi gene silencing strategy was used to engineer isoprenoid biosynthesis by downregulation of squalene synthase (SQS), such that the pool of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) substrate might instead be available to initiate natural rubber synthesis. Downregulation of SQS resulted in significantly reduced squalene and slightly increased rubber, but not in the same tissues nor to the same extent, partially due to an apparent negative feedback regulatory mechanism that downregulated mevalonate pathway isoprenoid production, presumably associated with excess geranyl pyrophosphate levels. A detailed metabolomics analysis of isoprenoid production in guayule revealed significant differences in metabolism in different tissues, including in active mevalonate and methylerythritol phosphate pathways in stem tissue, where rubber and squalene accumulate. New insights and strategies for engineering isoprenoid production in guayule were identified.
Collapse
|
3
|
Schröpfer S, Lempe J, Emeriewen OF, Flachowsky H. Recent Developments and Strategies for the Application of Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Apple Malus × domestica Borkh. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:928292. [PMID: 35845652 PMCID: PMC9280197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.928292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Genetic transformation has become an important tool in plant genome research over the last three decades. This applies not only to model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana but also increasingly to cultivated plants, where the establishment of transformation methods could still pose many problems. One of such plants is the apple (Malus spp.), the most important fruit of the temperate climate zone. Although the genetic transformation of apple using Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been possible since 1989, only a few research groups worldwide have successfully applied this technology, and efficiency remains poor. Nevertheless, there have been some developments, especially in recent years, which allowed for the expansion of the toolbox of breeders and breeding researchers. This review article attempts to summarize recent developments in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation strategies of apple. In addition to the use of different tissues and media for transformation, agroinfiltration, as well as pre-transformation with a Baby boom transcription factor are notable successes that have improved transformation efficiency in apple. Further, we highlight targeted gene silencing applications. Besides the classical strategies of RNAi-based silencing by stable transformation with hairpin gene constructs, optimized protocols for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and artificial micro RNAs (amiRNAs) have emerged as powerful technologies for silencing genes of interest. Success has also been achieved in establishing methods for targeted genome editing (GE). For example, it was recently possible for the first time to generate a homohistont GE line into which a biallelic mutation was specifically inserted in a target gene. In addition to these methods, which are primarily aimed at increasing transformation efficiency, improving the precision of genetic modification and reducing the time required, methods are also discussed in which genetically modified plants are used for breeding purposes. In particular, the current state of the rapid crop cycle breeding system and its applications will be presented.
Collapse
|
4
|
Werner Ribeiro C, Dugé de Bernonville T, Glévarec G, Lanoue A, Oudin A, Pichon O, St-Pierre B, Courdavault V, Besseau S. ALSV-Based Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Apple Tree (Malus × domestica L.). METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2172:183-197. [PMID: 32557370 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0751-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a fast and efficient tool to investigate gene function in plant as an alternative to knock down/out transgenic lines, especially in plant species difficult to transform and challenging to regenerate such as perennial woody plants. In apple tree, a VIGS vector has been previously developed based on the Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) and an efficient inoculation method has been optimized using biolistics. This report described detailed step-by-step procedure to design and silence a gene of interest (GOI) in apple tree tissues using the ALSV-based vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gaëlle Glévarec
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Olivier Pichon
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perrin J, Kulagina N, Unlubayir M, Munsch T, Carqueijeiro I, Dugé de Bernonville T, De Craene JO, Clastre M, St-Pierre B, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Gagneul D, Lanoue A, Courdavault V, Besseau S. Exploiting Spermidine N-Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase Diversity and Substrate Promiscuity to Produce Various Trihydroxycinnamoyl Spermidines and Analogues in Engineered Yeast. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:286-296. [PMID: 33450150 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trihydroxycinnamoyl spermidines (THCSpd) are plant specialized metabolites with promising pharmacological activities as antifungals, antibacterial, antiviral, and antidepressant drugs. However, their characterization and potential pharmaceutical exploitation are greatly impaired by the sourcing of these compounds, restricted to the pollen of core Eudicot plant species. In this work, we developed a precursor-directed biosynthesis of THCSpd in yeast using a dual enzymatic system based on 4-coumarate-CoA ligases (4CL) and spermidine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases (SHT). The system relies on the yeast endogenous spermidine pool and only requires hydroxycinnamic acids as exogenous precursors. By exploring 4CL isoforms and SHT diversity among plants, we have driven the production of 8 natural THCSpd, using single or mixed hydroxycinnamic acid precursors. Substrate promiscuities of 4CL and SHT were genuinely exploited to produce 8 new-to-nature THCSpd from exotic hydroxycinnamic and dihydrohydroxycinnamic acids, together with 3 new-to-nature THCSpd containing halogenated hydroxycinnamoyl moieties. In this work, we established a versatile and modular biotechnological production platform allowing the tailor-made THCSpd synthesis, constituting pioneer metabolic engineering for access to these valuable natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Perrin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Natalja Kulagina
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Marianne Unlubayir
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Thibaut Munsch
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Inês Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | | | - Johan-Owen De Craene
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | | | - David Gagneul
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro No. 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ICV − Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiao Z, Xing M, Liu X, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhuang M, Lv H. An efficient virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system for functional genomics in Brassicas using a cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV)-based vector. PLANTA 2020; 252:42. [PMID: 32870402 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CaLCuV-based VIGS effectively works in cabbage and contributes to efficient functional genomics research in Brassica crop species. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), a posttranscriptional gene silencing method, is an effective technique for analysing the functions of genes in plants. However, no VIGS vectors have been available for Brassica oleracea until now. Here, tobacco rattle virus (TRV), pTYs and cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV) gene-silencing vectors (PCVA/PCVB) were chosen to improve the VIGS system in cabbage using the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene as an efficient visual indicator of VIGS. We successfully silenced the expression of PDS and observed photobleaching phenomena in cabbage in response to pTYs and CaLCuV, with the latter being more easy to operate and less expensive. The parameters potentially affecting the silencing efficiency of VIGS by CaLCuV in cabbage, including the targeting fragment strategy, inoculation method and incubation temperature, were then compared. The optimized CaLCuV-based VIGS system involves the following: an approximately 500 bp insert sequence, an Agrobacterium OD600 of 1.0, use of the vacuum osmosis method applied at the bud stage, and an incubation temperature of 22 °C. Using these parameters, we achieved a stable silencing efficiency of 65%. To further test the effectiveness of the system, we selected the Mg-chelatase H subunit (ChlH) gene in cabbage and knocked down its expression, and we observed yellow leaves, as expected. We successfully applied the CaLCuV-based VIGS system to two other representative Brassica crop species, B. rapa and B. nigra, and thus expanded the application scope of this system. Our VIGS system described here will contribute to efficient functional genomics research in Brassica crop species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Xiao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Miaomiao Xing
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cloning, functional characterization and expression analysis of LoTPS5 from Lilium 'Siberia'. Gene 2020; 756:144921. [PMID: 32593719 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lilium 'Siberia' is a perennial herbaceous plant that is commercially significant because of its snowy white floral color and appealing scent which is mainly due to the presence of monoterpenes and benzoids compounds in floral volatile profile. In the current study, LoTPS5 was cloned and functionally characterized. Results revealed that LoTPS5 specifically generates squalene from FPP, whereas no product was produced when it was incubated with GPP or GGPP. The subcellular localization experiment showed that LoTPS5 was located in plastids. Furthermore, LoTPS5 showed its high expression in the leaf followed by petals and sepals of the flower. Moreover, the expression of LoTPS5 gradually increased from the bud stage and peak at the full-bloom stage. Besides, LoTPS5 showed a diurnal circadian rhythmic pattern with a peak in the afternoon (16:00) followed by deep night (24:00) and morning (8:00), respectively. LoTPS5 is highly responsive to mechanical wounding by rapidly elevating its mRNA transcript level. The current study will provide significant information for future studies of terpenoid and squalene biosynthesis in Lilium 'Siberia'.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bogdanović M, Cankar K, Dragićević M, Bouwmeester H, Beekwilder J, Simonović A, Todorović S. Silencing of germacrene A synthase genes reduces guaianolide oxalate content in Cichorium intybus L. GM CROPS & FOOD 2019; 11:54-66. [PMID: 31668117 PMCID: PMC7064209 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2019.1681868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a medicinal and industrial plant from the Asteraceae family that produces a variety of sesquiterpene lactones (STLs), most importantly bitter guaianolides: lactucin, lactucopicrin and 8-deoxylactucin as well as their modified forms such as oxalates. These compounds have medicinal properties; however, they also hamper the extraction of inulin - a very important food industry product from chicory roots. The first step in guaianolide biosynthesis is catalyzed by germacrene A synthase (GAS) which in chicory exists in two isoforms - GAS long (encoded by CiGASlo) and GAS short (encoded by CiGASsh). AmiRNA silencing was used to obtain plants with reduced GAS gene expression and level of downstream metabolites, guaianolide-15-oxalates, as the major STLs in chicory. This approach could be beneficial for engineering new chicory varieties with varying STL content, and especially varieties with reduced bitter compounds more suitable for inulin production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Bogdanović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | | | - Milan Dragićević
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ana Simonović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Slađana Todorović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kang J, Zhang Q, Jiang X, Zhang T, Long R, Yang Q, Wang Z. Molecular Cloning and Functional Identification of a Squalene Synthase Encoding Gene from Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184499. [PMID: 31514406 PMCID: PMC6770234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of alfalfa, a main forage legume worldwide, is of great importance for the dairy industry and is affected by the content of triterpene saponins. These natural terpenoid products of triterpene aglycones are catalyzed by squalene synthase (SQS), a highly conserved enzyme present in eukaryotes. However, there is scare information on alfalfa SQS. Here, an open reading frame (ORF) of SQS was cloned from alfalfa. Sequence analysis showed MsSQS had the same exon/intron composition and shared high homology with its orthologs. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the deduced MsSQS had two transmembrane domains. When transiently expressed, GFP-MsSQS fusion protein was localized on the plasma membrane of onion epidermal cells. Removal of the C-terminal transmembrane domain of MsSQS improved solubility in Escherichia coli. MsSQS was preferably expressed in roots, followed by leaves and stems. MeJA treatment induced MsSQS expression and increased the content of total saponins. Overexpression of MsSQS in alfalfa led to the accumulation of total saponins, suggesting a correlation between MsSQS expression level with saponins content. Therefore, MsSQS is a canonical squalene synthase and contributes to saponin synthesis in alfalfa. This study provides a key candidate gene for genetic manipulation of the synthesis of triterpene saponins, which impact both plant and animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xu Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ruicai Long
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dommes AB, Gross T, Herbert DB, Kivivirta KI, Becker A. Virus-induced gene silencing: empowering genetics in non-model organisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:757-770. [PMID: 30452695 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an RNA interference-based technology used to transiently knock down target gene expression by utilizing modified plant viral genomes. VIGS can be adapted to many angiosperm species that cover large phylogenetic distances, allowing the analysis of gene functions in species that are not amenable to stable genetic transformation. With a vast amount of sequence information already available and even more likely to become available in the future, VIGS provides a means to analyze the functions of candidate genes identified in large genomic or transcriptomic screens. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of target species and VIGS vector systems, assess recent key publications in the field, and explain how plant viruses are modified to serve as VIGS vectors. As many reports on the VIGS technique are being published, we also propose minimal reporting guidelines for carrying out these experiments, with the aim of increasing comparability between experiments. Finally, we propose methods for the statistical evaluation of phenotypic results obtained with VIGS-treated plants, as analysis is challenging due to the predominantly transient nature of the silencing effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Dommes
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gross
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Denise B Herbert
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Kimmo I Kivivirta
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Annette Becker
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Elejalde-Palmett C, Billet K, Lanoue A, De Craene JO, Glévarec G, Pichon O, Clastre M, Courdavault V, St-Pierre B, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Dugé de Bernonville T, Besseau S. Genome-wide identification and biochemical characterization of the UGT88F subfamily in Malus x domestica Borkh. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 157:135-144. [PMID: 30399496 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT88F subfamily has been described first in Malus x domestica with the characterization of UGT88F1. Up to now UGT88F1 was one of the most active UGT glycosylating dihydrochalcones in vitro. The involvement of UGT88F1 in phloridzin (phloretin 2'-O-glucoside) synthesis, the main apple tree dihydrochalcone, was further confirmed in planta. Since the characterization of UGT88F1, this new UGT subfamily has been poorly studied probably because it seemed restricted to Maloideae. In the present study, we investigate the apple tree genome to identify and biochemically characterize the whole UGT88F subfamily. The apple tree genome contains five full-length UGT88F genes out of which three newly identified members (UGT88F6, UGT88F7 and UGT88F8) and a pseudogene. These genes are organized into two genomic clusters resulting from the recent global genomic duplication event in the apple tree. We show that recombinant UGT88F8 protein specifically glycosylates phloretin in the 2'OH position to synthetize phloridzin in vitro and was therefore named UDP-glucose: phloretin 2'-O-glycosyltransferase. The Km values of UGT88F8 are 7.72 μM and 10.84 μM for phloretin and UDP-glucose respectively and are in the same range as UGT88F1 catalytic parameters thus constituting two isoforms. Co-expression patterns of both UGT88F1 and UGT88F8 argue for a redundant function in phloridzin biosynthesis in planta. Contrastingly, recombinant UGT88F6 protein is able to glycosylate in vitro a wide range of flavonoids including flavonols, flavones, flavanones, chalcones and dihydrochalcones, although flavonols are the preferred substrates, e.g. Km value for kaempferol is 2.1 μM. Depending on the flavonoid, glycosylation occurs at least on the 3-OH and 7-OH positions. Therefore UGT88F6 corresponds to an UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3/7-O-glycosyltransferase. Finally, a molecular modeling study highlights a very high substitution rate of residues in the acceptor binding pocket between UGT88F8 and UGT88F6 which is responsible for the enzymes divergence in substrate and regiospecificity, despite an overall high protein homology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kévin Billet
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Johan-Owen De Craene
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Gaëlle Glévarec
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Olivier Pichon
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Unland K, Pütter KM, Vorwerk K, van Deenen N, Twyman RM, Prüfer D, Schulze Gronover C. Functional characterization of squalene synthase and squalene epoxidase in Taraxacum koksaghyz. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00063. [PMID: 31245726 PMCID: PMC6508512 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Russian dandelion Taraxacum koksaghyz produces high-value isoprenoids such as pentacyclic triterpenes and natural rubber in the latex of specialized cells known as laticifers. Squalene synthase (SQS) and squalene epoxidase (SQE) catalyze key steps in the biosynthesis of cyclic terpenoids, but neither enzyme has yet been characterized in T. koksaghyz. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of two genes (TkSQS1 and TkSQS2) encoding isoforms of SQS, and four genes (TkSQE1-4) encoding isoforms of SQE. Spatial expression analysis in different T. koksaghyz tissues confirmed that TkSQS1 and TkSQE1 are the latex-predominant isoforms, with highly similar mRNA expression profiles. The TkSQS1 and TkSQE1 proteins colocalized in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and their enzymatic functions were confirmed by in vitro activity assays and yeast complementation studies, respectively. The functions of TkSQS1 and TkSQE1 were further characterized in the latex of T. koksaghyz plants with depleted TkSQS1 or TkSQE1 mRNA levels, produced by RNA interference. Comprehensive expression analysis revealed the coregulation of TkSQS1 and TkSQE1, along with a downstream gene in the triterpene biosynthesis pathway encoding the oxidosqualene cyclase TkOSC1. This indicates that the coregulation of TkSQS1, TkSQE1, and TkOSC1 could be used to optimize the flux toward specific terpenoids during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Unland
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME)MuensterGermany
| | - Katharina M. Pütter
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Kirsten Vorwerk
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Nicole van Deenen
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | | | - Dirk Prüfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME)MuensterGermany
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carqueijeiro I, Sepúlveda LJ, Mosquera A, Payne R, Corbin C, Papon N, de Bernonville TD, Besseau S, Lanoue A, Glévarec G, Clastre M, St-Pierre B, Atehortùa L, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, O'Connor SE, Oudin A, Courdavault V. Vacuole-Targeted Proteins: Ins and Outs of Subcellular Localization Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1789:33-54. [PMID: 29916070 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7856-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and efficient demonstrations of protein localizations to the vacuole or tonoplast remain strict prerequisites to decipher the role of vacuoles in the whole plant cell biology and notably in defence processes. In this chapter, we describe a reliable procedure of protein subcellular localization study through transient transformations of Catharanthus roseus or onion cells and expression of fusions with fluorescent proteins allowing minimizing artefacts of targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Liuda J Sepúlveda
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Angela Mosquera
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Richard Payne
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Cyrielle Corbin
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- EA3142 "Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène", Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Gaëlle Glévarec
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lucia Atehortùa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc'h
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|