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Okazaki K, Ito S, Nakamura H, Asami T, Shimomura K, Umehara M. Increase in ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION2 expression by treatment with strigolactone-related inhibitors and kinetin during adventitious shoot formation in ipecac. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 42:1927-1936. [PMID: 37803214 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Increase of ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 2 expression was consistent to treatment with kinetin, TIS108, and KK094 in adventitious shoot formation of ipecac. Unlike many plant species, ipecac (Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson) can form adventitious shoots in tissue culture without cytokinin (CK) treatment. Strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis and signaling inhibitors stimulate adventitious shoot formation in ipecac, suggesting their potential use as novel growth regulators in plant tissue culture, but the molecular mechanism of their action is unclear. In this study, we compared the effects of SL-related inhibitors (TIS108 and KK094) and CKs (2iP, tZ, and kinetin) on adventitious shoot formation in ipecac. Exogenously applied SL-related inhibitors and CKs stimulated adventitious shoot formation. Combinations of SL-related inhibitors and kinetin also promoted adventitious shoot formation, but without additive effects. We also analyzed the expression of CK biosynthesis genes in ipecac. TIS108 increased the expression of the ipecac homolog of ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE 3 (CiIPT3) but decreased that of LONELY GUY 7 homolog (CiLOG7), presumably resulting in no change in 2iP-type CK levels. KK094 and kinetin increased CiLOG7 expression, elevating 2iP-type CK levels. Among pluripotency- and meristem-related genes, TIS108, KK094, and kinetin consistently increased the expression of ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 2 homolog (CiESR2), which has a key role in shoot regeneration, in the internodal segment region that formed adventitious shoots. We propose that CiESR2 might be a key stimulator of adventitious shoot formation in ipecac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Okazaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-Machi, Ora-Gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Ito
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Nakamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shimomura
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-Machi, Ora-Gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Mikihisa Umehara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-Machi, Ora-Gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
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Okazaki K, Koike I, Kera S, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Shimomura K, Umehara M. Gene expression profiling before and after internode culture for adventitious shoot formation in ipecac. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:361. [PMID: 35869421 PMCID: PMC9308184 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ipecac (Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson), adventitious shoots can be induced simply by placing internodal segments on phytohormone-free culture medium. The shoots form locally on the epidermis of the apical region of the segments, but not the basal region. Levels of endogenous auxin and cytokinin transiently increase in the segments after 1 week of culture. RESULTS Here, we conducted RNA-seq analysis to compare gene expression patterns in apical and basal regions of segments before culture and after 1 week of culture for adventitious shoot formation. The results revealed 8987 differentially expressed genes in a de novo assembly of 76,684 genes. Among them, 276 genes were upregulated in the apical region after 1 week of culture relative to before culture and the basal region after 1 week of culture. These genes include 18 phytohormone-response genes and shoot-formation-related genes. Validation of the gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR assay confirmed that the expression patterns were similar to those of the RNA-seq data. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptome data show that expression of cytokinin biosynthesis genes is induced along with the acquisition of cellular pluripotency and the initiation of cell division by wounding in the apical region of internodal segments, that trigger adventitious shoot formation without callusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Okazaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Imari Koike
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Sayuri Kera
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Katushi Yamaguchi
- Trans-Scale Biology Center, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Trans-Scale Biology Center, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shimomura
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Mikihisa Umehara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
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Ohbayashi I, Sakamoto Y, Kuwae H, Kasahara H, Sugiyama M. Enhancement of shoot regeneration by treatment with inhibitors of auxin biosynthesis and transport during callus induction in tissue culture of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2022; 39:43-50. [PMID: 35800968 PMCID: PMC9200084 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In two-step culture systems for efficient shoot regeneration, explants are first cultured on auxin-rich callus-inducing medium (CIM), where cells are activated to proliferate and form calli containing root-apical meristem (RAM)-type stem cells and stem cell niche, and then cultured on cytokinin-rich shoot-inducing medium (SIM), where stem cells and stem cell niche of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) are established eventually leading to shoot regeneration. In the present study, we examined the effects of inhibitors of auxin biosynthesis and polar transport in the two-step shoot regeneration culture of Arabidopsis and found that, when they were applied during CIM culture, although callus growth was repressed, shoot regeneration in the subsequent SIM culture was significantly increased. The regeneration-stimulating effect of the auxin biosynthesis inhibitor was not linked with the reduction in the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) level. Expression of the auxin-responsive reporter indicated that auxin response was more uniform and even stronger in the explants cultured on CIM with the inhibitors than in the control explants. These results suggested that the shoot regeneration competence of calli was enhanced somehow by the perturbation of the endogenous auxin dynamics, which we discuss in terms of the transformability between RAM and SAM stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwai Ohbayashi
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan R.O.C
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 112-0001, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kuwae
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kasahara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Munetaka Sugiyama
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 112-0001, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Okazaki K, Watanabe S, Koike I, Kawada K, Ito S, Nakamura H, Asami T, Shimomura K, Umehara M. Strigolactone signaling inhibition increases adventitious shoot formation on internodal segments of ipecac. Planta 2021; 253:123. [PMID: 34014387 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SL inhibited adventitious shoot formation of ipecac, whereas the SL-related inhibitors promoted adventitious shoot formation. SL-related inhibitors might be useful as new plant growth regulators for plant propagation. In most plant species, phytohormones are required to induce adventitious shoots for propagating economically important crops and regenerating transgenic plants. In ipecac (Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson), however, adventitious shoots can be formed without phytohormone treatment. Here we evaluated the effects of GR24 (a synthetic strigolactone, SL), SL biosynthetic inhibitors, and an SL antagonist on adventitious shoot formation during tissue culture of ipecac. We found that exogenously applied GR24 suppressed indole-3-acetic acid transport in internodal segments and decreased the number of adventitious shoots formed; in addition, the distribution of adventitious shoots changed from the apical to middle region of the internodal segments. In contrast, the SL-related inhibitors promoted adventitious shoot formation on both apical and middle regions of the segments. In particular, SL antagonist treatment increased endogenous cytokinin levels and induced multiple shoot development. These results indicate that SL inhibits adventitious shoot formation in ipecac. In ipecac, one of the shoots in each internodal segment becomes dominant and auxin derived from that shoot suppresses the other shoot growth. Here, this dominance was overcome by application of SL-related inhibitors. Therefore, SL-related inhibitors might be useful as new plant growth regulators to improve the efficiency of plant propagation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Okazaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Sachi Watanabe
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Imari Koike
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Kojiro Kawada
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Ito
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Nakamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shimomura
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Mikihisa Umehara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
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Zhao X, Song J, Zeng Q, Ma Y, Fang H, Yang L, Deng B, Liu J, Fang J, Zuo L, Yue J. Auxin and cytokinin mediated regulation involved in vitro organogenesis of papaya. J Plant Physiol 2021; 260:153405. [PMID: 33743435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In vitro organogenesis is a multistep process which is largely controlled by the balance between auxin and cytokinin. Previous studies revealed a complex network regulating in vitro organogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana; however, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying de novo shoot formation in papaya (Carica papaya) remains limited. Here, we optimized multiple factors to achieve an efficient and reproducible protocol for the induction of papaya callus formation and shoot regeneration. Subsequently, we analyzed the dynamic transcriptome profiles of samples undergoing this process, identified 5381, 642, 4047, and 2386 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 447, 66, 350, and 263 encoding transcription factors (TFs), in four stage comparisons. The DEGs were mainly involved in phytohormone modulation and transduction processes, particularly for auxin and cytokinin. Of these, 21 and 7 candidate genes involved in the auxin and cytokinin pathways, respectively, had distinct expression patterns throughout in vitro organogenesis. Furthermore, we found two genes encoding key TFs, CpLBD19 and CpESR1, were sharply induced on callus induction medium and shoot induction medium, indicating these two TFs may serve as proxies for callus induction and shoot formation in papaya. We therefore report a regulatory network of auxin and cytokinin signaling in papaya according to the one previously modeled for Arabidopsis. Our comprehensive analyses provide insight into the early molecular regulation of callus initiation and shoot formation in papaya, and are useful for the further identification of the regulators governing in vitro organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Zhao
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Jinjin Song
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Qiuxia Zeng
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Yaying Ma
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Hanmei Fang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Liyuan Yang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Ban Deng
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jingping Fang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China.
| | - Liping Zuo
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Jingjing Yue
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Abdulhafiz F, Mohammed A, Kayat F, Zakaria S, Hamzah Z, Reddy Pamuru R, Gundala PB, Reduan MFH. Micropropagation of Alocasia longiloba Miq and Comparative Antioxidant Properties of Ethanolic Extracts of the Field-Grown Plant, In Vitro Propagated and In Vitro-Derived Callus. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9070816. [PMID: 32610545 PMCID: PMC7411810 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an efficient micropropagation protocol was developed for A. longiloba and the antioxidant properties of field-grown plant, in vitro-derived greenhouse-grown plant and in vitro-derived callus extracts were compared. The A. longiloba seeds tested using tetrazolium chloride salt exhibited 89% viability. Due to poor germination capacity of A. longiloba seeds, the seeds were treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The maximum seed germination of 87% was observed at 30% H2SO4 treatment after 19.00 d, whereas GA3 treatment showed maximum germination of 53% after 22 d. In vitro shoot multiplication was carried out using various types of cytokinins alone or in combination with auxin. Among them, 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) single treatment was found to be the best hormone. The highest shoot-length (7.26 cm) and maximum number of shoots per explant (18) were recorded at 3-mg L−1 BAP. For in vitro rooting, indole-3-acetic acid at 0.5-mg L−1 was found to be the optimum concentration. Callus was induced using various types of auxins alone or in combinations with cytokinins. The highest percentage of callus of 91 and fresh weight of 6 g was obtained with 3-mg L−1 IAA. The plantlets produced in the current study were subjected to acclimatization. The combination of topsoil and peat moss at 1:2 ratio was found to be the best soil media. In this study, in vitro-derived callus extract showed the highest phenolic content (538 mg GAE), followed by extracts of field-grown plant parts, i.e., fruit and petiole (504 and 300 mg GAE) while in vitro plant extract showed the lowest (98 mg GAE). Meanwhile, the highest flavonoids was recorded in petiole extract. Comparative antioxidant activity study shows, in vitro-derived callus exhibited better DPPH-radical-scavenging activity (IC50: 0.113-mg mL−1) whereas the extracts of petiole, fruit and in vitro plant showed 0.126-, 0.137- and 0.173-mg mL−1, respectively. At the same time, the fruit extract showed better (IC50: 0.088-mg mL−1) ABTS radical scavenging activity than all extracts tested. In conclusion, the in vitro-derived callus extract could be favored for high TPC and better DPPH scavenging activity. Hence, the present study was conducted to establish an efficient micropropagation protocol and to compare the antioxidant activity of the field-grown plant, in vitro plant and in vitro derived callus extracts of A. longiloba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferid Abdulhafiz
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (F.A.); (F.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Arifullah Mohammed
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (F.A.); (F.K.); (S.Z.)
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Fatimah Kayat
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (F.A.); (F.K.); (S.Z.)
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suhana Zakaria
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (F.A.); (F.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zulhazman Hamzah
- Faculty of Earth Science, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Ramachandra Reddy Pamuru
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Vemanapuram, Kadapa 516003, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Prasada Babu Gundala
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan
- Department of Paraclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia;
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