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Yu F, Duan Y, Liu C, Huang H, Xiao X, He Z. Extracellular vesicles in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification: the versatile non-coding RNAs from endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1193660. [PMID: 37469665 PMCID: PMC10352799 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1193660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by the accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification in the innermost layers of arteries. Vascular calcification (VC), the deposition of calcium and phosphate within the arterial wall, is an important characteristic of AS natural history. However, medial arterial calcification (MAC) differs from intimal calcification and cannot simply be explained as the consequence of AS. Endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are directly involved in AS and VC processes. Understanding the communication between ECs and VSMCs is critical in revealing mechanisms underlying AS and VC. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are found as intercellular messengers in kinds of physiological processes and pathological progression. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) encapsulated in EVs are involved in AS and VC, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). The effects of ncRNAs have not been comprehensively understood, especially encapsulated in EVs. Some ncRNAs have demonstrated significant roles in AS and VC, but it remains unclear the functions of the majority ncRNAs detected in EVs. In this review, we summarize ncRNAs encapsulated in EC-EVs and VSMC-EVs, and the signaling pathways that are involved in AS and VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yingjie Duan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chongmei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang People's Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangcheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangxiu He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Peng Z, Duan Y, Zhong S, Chen J, Li J, He Z. RNA-seq analysis of extracellular vesicles from hyperphosphatemia-stimulated endothelial cells provides insight into the mechanism underlying vascular calcification. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:192. [PMID: 35597927 PMCID: PMC9123672 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperphosphatemia (HP) is associated with vascular calcification (VC) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, relationship between HP-induced-endothelial extracellular vesicles (HP-EC-EVs) and VC is unclear, and miR expression in HP-EC-EVs has not been determined. Methods We isolated HP-EC-EVs from endothelial cells with HP and observed that HP-EC-EVs were up-taken by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). HP-EC-EVs inducing calcium deposition was characterized by Alizarin Red S, colourimetric analysis and ALP activity. To investigate the mechanism of HP-EC-EVs-induced VSMC calcification, RNA-sequencing for HP-EC-EVs was performed. Results We first demonstrated that HP-EC-EVs induced VSMC calcification in vitro. RNA-seq analysis of HP-EC-EVs illustrated that one known miR (hsa-miR-3182) was statistically up-regulated and twelve miRs were significantly down-regulated, which was verified by qRT-PCR. We predicted 58,209 and 74,469 target genes for those down- and up-regulated miRs respectively through miRDB, miRWalk and miRanda databases. GO terms showed that down- and up-regulated targets were mostly enriched in calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion via plama membrane cell-adhesion molecules (GO:0,016,338, BP) and cell adhesion (GO:0,007,155, BP), plasma membrane (GO:0,005,886, CC), and metal ion binding (GO:0,046,914, MF) and ATP binding (GO:0,005,524, MF) respectively. Top-20 pathways by KEGG analysis included calcium signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, and ABC transporters, which were closely related to VC. Conclusion Our results indicated that those significantly altered miRs, which were packaged in HP-EC-EVs, may play an important role in VC by regulating related pathways. It may provide novel insight into the mechanism of CKD calcification. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02823-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yingjie Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shuzhu Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230002, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Zhangxiu He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Carballo-Perich L, Puigoriol-Illamola D, Bashir S, Terceño M, Silva Y, Gubern-Mérida C, Serena J. Clinical Parameters and Epigenetic Biomarkers of Plaque Vulnerability in Patients with Carotid Stenosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095149. [PMID: 35563540 PMCID: PMC9101730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atheromatous disease is the first cause of death and dependency in developed countries and carotid artery atherosclerosis is one of the main causes of severe ischaemic strokes. Current management strategies are mainly based on the degree of stenosis and patient selection has limited accuracy. This information could be complemented by the identification of biomarkers of plaque vulnerability, which would permit patients at greater and lesser risk of stroke to be distinguished, thus enabling a better selection of patients for surgical or intensive medical treatment. Although several circulating protein-based biomarkers with significance for both the diagnosis of carotid artery disease and its prognosis have been identified, at present, none have been clinically implemented. This review focuses especially on the most relevant clinical parameters to take into account in routine clinical practice and summarises the most up-to-date data on epigenetic biomarkers of carotid atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Carballo-Perich
- Cerebrovascular Pathology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), RICORS-ICTUS, Parc Hospitalari Martí I Julià, Edifici M2, 17190 Salt, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (D.P.-I.)
| | - Dolors Puigoriol-Illamola
- Cerebrovascular Pathology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), RICORS-ICTUS, Parc Hospitalari Martí I Julià, Edifici M2, 17190 Salt, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (D.P.-I.)
| | - Saima Bashir
- Cerebrovascular Pathology Research Group, Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, RICORS-ICTUS, Av. França s/n (7a Planta), 17007 Girona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Mikel Terceño
- Cerebrovascular Pathology Research Group, Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, RICORS-ICTUS, Av. França s/n (7a Planta), 17007 Girona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Yolanda Silva
- Cerebrovascular Pathology Research Group, Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, RICORS-ICTUS, Av. França s/n (7a Planta), 17007 Girona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.T.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (C.G.-M.); Tel.: +34-872-987-087 (C.G.-M.)
| | - Carme Gubern-Mérida
- Cerebrovascular Pathology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), RICORS-ICTUS, Parc Hospitalari Martí I Julià, Edifici M2, 17190 Salt, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (D.P.-I.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (C.G.-M.); Tel.: +34-872-987-087 (C.G.-M.)
| | - Joaquín Serena
- Cerebrovascular Pathology Research Group, Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, RICORS-ICTUS, Av. França s/n (7a Planta), 17007 Girona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.T.); (J.S.)
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Collura S, Ciavarella C, Morsiani C, Motta I, Valente S, Gallitto E, Abualhin M, Pini R, Vasuri F, Franceschi C, Capri M, Gargiulo M, Pasquinelli G. MicroRNA profiles of human peripheral arteries and abdominal aorta in normal conditions: MicroRNAs-27a-5p, -139-5p and -155-5p emerge and in atheroma too. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111547. [PMID: 34329656 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis may starts early in life and each artery has peculiar characteristics likely affecting atherogenesis. The primary objective of the work was to underpin the microRNA (miR)-profiling differences in human normal femoral, abdominal aortic, and carotid arteries. The secondary aim was to investigate if those identified miRs, differently expressed in normal conditions, may also have a role in atherosclerotic arteries at adult ages. MiR-profiles were performed on normal tissues, revealing that aorta and carotid arteries are more similar than femoral arteries. MiRs emerging from profiling comparisons, i.e., miR-155-5p, -27a-5p, and -139-5p, were subjected to validation by RT-qPCR in normal arteries and also in pathological/atheroma counterparts, considering all the available 20 artery specimens. The three miRs were confirmed to be differentially expressed in normal femoral vs aorta/carotid arteries. Differential expression of those miRs was also observed in atherosclerotic arteries, together with some miR-target proteins, such as vimentin, CD44, E-cadherin and an additional marker SLUG. The different expression of miRs and targets/markers suggests that aorta/carotid and femoral arteries differently activate molecular drivers of pathological condition, thus conditioning the morphology of atheroma in adult life and likely suggesting the future use of artery-specific treatment to counteract atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Collura
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Ciavarella
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Morsiani
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilenia Motta
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Valente
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Gallitto
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS, Policlinico S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mohammad Abualhin
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS, Policlinico S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Pini
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS, Policlinico S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Vasuri
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS, Policlinico S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics of the Institute of ITMM, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Miriam Capri
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center - Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Gargiulo
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Unit of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS, Policlinico S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Subcellular Nephro-Vascular Diagnostic Program, Pathology Unit, IRCCS, Policlinico S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Vasuri F, Valente S, Motta I, Degiovanni A, Ciavarella C, Pasquinelli G. ETS-Related Gene Expression in Healthy Femoral Arteries With Focal Calcifications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:623782. [PMID: 34222223 PMCID: PMC8242207 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.623782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone development-related genes are enriched in healthy femoral arteries, which are more prone to calcification, as documented by the predominance of fibrocalcific plaques at the femoral location. We undertook a prospective histological study on the presence of calcifications in normal femoral arteries collected from donors. Since endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) participates in vascular remodeling, immunohistochemical (IHC) and molecular markers of EndMT and chondro-osteogenic differentiation were assessed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to describe calcification at its inception. Two hundred and fourteen femoral arteries were enrolled. The mean age of the donors was 39.9 ± 12.9 years; male gender prevailed (M: 128). Histology showed a normal architecture; calcifications were found in 52 (24.3%) cases, without correlations with cardiovascular risk factors. Calcifications were seen on or just beneath the inner elastic lamina (IEL). At IHC, SLUG was increasingly expressed in the wall of focally calcified femoral arteries (FCFA). ETS-related gene (ERG), SLUG, CD44, and SOX-9 were positive in calcifications. RT-PCR showed increased levels of BPM-2, RUNX-2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin osteogenic transcripts and increased expression of the chondrogenic marker, SOX-9, in FCFA. TEM documented osteoblast-like cells adjacent to the IEL, releasing calcifying vesicles from the cell membrane. The vesicles were embedded in a proteoglycan-rich matrix and were entrapped in IEL fenestrations. In this study, ERG- and CD44-positive cell populations were found in the context of increased SLUG expression, thus supporting the participation of EndMT in FCFA; the increased transcript expression of osteochondrogenic markers, particularly SOX-9, reinforced the view that EndMT, osteochondrogenesis, and neoangiogenesis interact in the process of arterial calcification. Given its role as a transcription factor in the regulation of endothelial homeostasis, arterial ERG expression can be a clue of endothelial dysregulation and changes in IEL organization which can ultimately hinder calcifying vesicle diffusion through the IEL fenestrae. These results may have a broader implication for understanding arterial calcification within a disease context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vasuri
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilenia Motta
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Degiovanni
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Ciavarella
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Xiang D, Li Y, Cao Y, Huang Y, Zhou L, Lin X, Qiao Y, Li X, Liao D. Different Effects of Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles and LPS-Induced Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Role of Curcumin and Its Derivatives. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:649352. [PMID: 34150863 PMCID: PMC8210670 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.649352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During the progression of atherosclerosis (AS), the vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells are reciprocally regulated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs have different effects on pathological and physiological processes due to the different cargoes contained in EVs. Purpose: To study the effects of endothelial cells-derived EVs on normal and inflammatory conditions. To investigate the effects of curcumin and curcumin derivatives (Nicotinic-curcumin) on endothelial EVs. Methods: EVs were isolated from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by ultracentrifugation. To examined the effect of normal and LPS-induced endothelial cells-derived EVs on the proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), the CCK-8 assay was performed. Transwell and wound healing assays were conducted to assess cell migration. The effects of EVs on lipid accumulation following treatment with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) were evaluated with the oil red O staining assay and HPLC. The number of EVs was calculated using the nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and BCA. The expression levels of Rab27a and Rab27b that regulate the EVs secretion were measured by Western blotting assay. The differential expression of miRNAs in endothelial EVs and LPS-induced endothelial EVs was analyzed using miRNA-Sequencing (miRNA-Seq) and RT-PCR. Results: Treatment with endothelial EVs reduced the proliferation and migration of HASMCs as well as lipid accumulation in HASMCs. However, treatment with LPS-induced endothelial EVs did not inhibit the migration of HASMCs or lipid accumulation, instead it promoted the proliferation of HASMCs. Treatment with the two types of EVs induced differential expression of several miRNAs, including miR-92a-3p, miR-126-5p, miR-125a-3p, miR-143-3p, etc. Moreover, 1 μg/mL LPS induction greatly increased secretion of endothelial EVs. Treatment with curcumin and nicotinic-curcumin reduced endothelial EVs secretion, possibly by inhibiting inflammation. Conclusion: Endothelial EVs may confer beneficial effects on atherosclerosis by regulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs), whereas pro-inflammatory factors may disrupt this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yamei Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuling Cao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiulian Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Qiao
- The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Duanfang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Ciavarella C, Motta I, Vasuri F, Fittipaldi S, Valente S, Pollutri D, Ricci F, Gargiulo M, Pasquinelli G. Involvement of miR-30a-5p and miR-30d in Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Early Osteogenic Commitment under Inflammatory Stress in HUVEC. Biomolecules 2021; 11:226. [PMID: 33562690 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial to mesenchymal transition (End–MT) can be associated with vascular calcification, by providing mesengenic progenitors. In this study, we investigated a link between End–MT and the osteogenic process and explored the involvement of miR-30a-5p and miR-30d as potential regulators of these processes. End–MT was induced in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) through transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGFβ-3 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), for 24 h and 6 days. End–MT mediators, mesenchymal and osteo/chondrogenic markers were analyzed through Real-Time PCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and Western Blot. miR-30a-5p and miR-30d over-expression was carried out in HUVEC to explore their effects on End–MT and osteogenic differentiation. HUVEC at 24 h and 6 days gained mesenchymal morphology markers, including matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), SLUG, VIMENTIN and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and a significant migratory potential, notably with TNF-α. After 6 days, the osteo/chondrogenic markers runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) and SRY box transcription factor 9 (SOX-9) were upregulated. At this time point, miR-30a-5p and miR-30d decreased. Over-expression of miR-30a-5p and miR-30d affected End–MT mediators and the osteogenic potency in HUVEC, by reducing SLUG, VIMENTIN and RUNX-2. Our data suggest that End–MT represents a key link between inflammation and vascular calcification. Further, miR-30a-5p and miR-30d can regulate both the End–MT and the osteogenic processes, prompting future studies for exploring their potential use as therapeutic targets or biomarkers in vascular diseases.
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Qian Y, Li L, Sun Z, Liu J, Yuan W, Wang Z. A multi-omics view of the complex mechanism of vascular calcification. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111192. [PMID: 33401220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a high incidence and high risk disease with increasing morbidity and high mortality, which is considered the consequence of smooth muscle cell transdifferentiation initiating the mechanism of accumulation of hydroxyl calcium phosphate. Vascular calcification is also thought to be strongly associated with poor outcomes in diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Numerous studies have been accomplished; however, the specific mechanism of the disease remains unclear. Development of the genome project enhanced the understanding of life science and has entered the post-genomic era resulting in a variety of omics techniques used in studies and a large amount of available data; thus, a new perspective on data analysis has been revealed. Omics has a broader perspective and is thus advantageous over a single pathway analysis in the study of complex vascular calcification mechanisms. This paper reviews in detail various omics studies including genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and multiple group studies on vascular calcification. Advances and deficiencies in the use of omics to study vascular calcification are presented in a comprehensive view. We also review the methodology of the omics studies and omics data analysis and processing. In addition, the methodology and data processing presented here can be applied to other areas. An omics landscape perspective across the boundaries between genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics is used to examine the mechanisms of vascular calcification. The perspective combined with various technologies also provides a direction for the subsequent exploration of clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000, Zhenjiang, China.
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Choe N, Kwon DH, Ryu J, Shin S, Cho HJ, Joung H, Eom GH, Ahn Y, Park WJ, Nam KI, Kim YK, Kook H. miR-27a-3p Targets ATF3 to Reduce Calcium Deposition in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2020; 22:627-639. [PMID: 33230462 PMCID: PMC7578555 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification, the ectopic deposition of calcium in blood vessels, develops in association with various metabolic diseases and atherosclerosis and is an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. Herein, we report that reduction of microRNA-27a-3p (miR-27a-3p) causes an increase in activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a novel osteogenic transcription factor, in vascular smooth muscle cells. Both microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA microarrays were performed with rat vascular smooth muscle cells, and reciprocally regulated pairs of miRNA and mRNA were selected after bioinformatics analysis. Inorganic phosphate significantly reduced the expression of miR-27a-3p in A10 cells. The transcript level was also reduced in vitamin D3-administered mouse aortas. miR-27a-3p mimic reduced calcium deposition, whereas miR-27a-3p inhibitor increased it. The Atf3 mRNA level was upregulated in a cellular vascular calcification model, and miR-27a-3p reduced the Atf3 mRNA and protein levels. Transfection with Atf3 could recover the miR-27a-3p-induced reduction of calcium deposition. Our results suggest that reduction of miR-27a-3p may contribute to the development of vascular calcification by de-repression of ATF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakwon Choe
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Hwa Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Sera Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosouk Joung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Park
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Il Nam
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Of the known regulators of atherosclerosis, miRNAs have been demonstrated to play critical roles in lipoprotein homeostasis and plaque formation. Here, we generated a novel animal model of atherosclerosis by knocking in LDLR W483X in C57BL/6 mice, as the W483X mutation in LDLR is considered the most common newly identified pathogenic mutation in Chinese familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) individuals. Using the new in vivo mouse model combined with a well-established atherosclerotic in vitro human cell model, we identified a novel atherosclerosis-related miRNA, miR-23a-3p, by microarray analysis of mouse aortic tissue specimens and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). miR-23a-3p was consistently downregulated in both models, which was confirmed by qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis and further validation experiments revealed that the TNFα-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) gene was the key target of miR-23a-3p. The miR-23a-3p-related functional pathways were then analyzed in HAECs. Collectively, the present results suggest that miR-23a-3p regulates inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in atherogenesis by targeting TNFAIP3 through the NF-κB and p38/MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Guo
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hanbing Mei
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Sheng
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyuan Meng
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Murielle M Véniant
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
| | - Hong Yin
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
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11
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Ryu J, Ahn Y, Kook H, Kim YK. The roles of non-coding RNAs in vascular calcification and opportunities as therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 218:107675. [PMID: 32910935 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is characterized by an accumulation of calcium phosphate crystals inside the vessel wall. VC is often associated with diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Even though the number of patients with VC remains prevalent, there are still no approved therapies for the treatment of VC. Since the pathogenesis of VC is diverse and involves multiple factors and mechanisms, it is critical to reveal the novel mechanisms involved in VC. Although protein-coding RNAs involved in VC have been extensively studied, the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are not yet fully understood. The field of ncRNAs has recently received attention, and accumulating evidence from studies in VC suggests that ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play an important role in the regulation of VC. NcRNAs can modulate VC by acting as promoters or inhibitors and may be useful in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of VC. In this article, we review and discuss ncRNAs that regulate VC and present the therapeutic implications of these ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Ryu
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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