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Pinner JFL, Collishaw W, Schendel ME, Flynn L, Candelaria‐Cook FT, Cerros CM, Williams M, Hill DE, Stephen JM. Examining the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on performance of the sustained attention to response task in children with an FASD. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:6120-6138. [PMID: 37792293 PMCID: PMC10619405 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), the leading known cause of childhood developmental disability, has long-lasting effects extending throughout the lifespan. It is well documented that children prenatally exposed to alcohol have difficulties inhibiting behavior and sustaining attention. Thus, the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART), a Go/No-go paradigm, is especially well suited to assess the behavioral and neural functioning characteristics of children with PAE. In this study, we utilized neuropsychological assessment, parent/guardian questionnaires, and magnetoencephalography during SART random and fixed orders to assess characteristics of children 8-12 years old prenatally exposed to alcohol compared to typically developing children. Compared to neurotypical control children, children with a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) diagnosis had significantly decreased performance on neuropsychological measures, had deficiencies in task-based performance, were rated as having increased Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) behaviors and as having lower cognitive functioning by their caretakers, and had decreased peak amplitudes in Broadmann's Area 44 (BA44) during SART. Further, MEG peak amplitude in BA44 was found to be significantly associated with neuropsychological test results, parent/guardian questionnaires, and task-based performance such that decreased amplitude was associated with poorer performance. In exploratory analyses, we also found significant correlations between total cortical volume and MEG peak amplitude indicating that the reduced amplitude is likely related in part to reduced overall brain volume often reported in children with PAE. These findings show that children 8-12 years old with an FASD diagnosis have decreased amplitudes in BA44 during SART random order, and that these deficits are associated with multiple behavioral measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. F. L. Pinner
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - W. Collishaw
- The Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | | | - L. Flynn
- The Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | | | - C. M. Cerros
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - M. Williams
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - D. E. Hill
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
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Chen Y, Lyu S, Xiao W, Yi S, Liu P, Liu J. Sleep Traits Causally Affect the Brain Cortical Structure: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2296. [PMID: 37626792 PMCID: PMC10452307 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Brain imaging results in sleep deprived patients showed structural changes in the cerebral cortex; however, the reasons for this phenomenon need to be further explored. Methods: This MR study evaluated causal associations between morningness, ease of getting up, insomnia, long sleep, short sleep, and the cortex structure. Results: At the functional level, morningness increased the surface area (SA) of cuneus with global weighted (beta(b) (95% CI): 32.63 (10.35, 54.90), p = 0.004). Short sleep increased SA of the lateral occipital with global weighted (b (95% CI): 394.37(107.89, 680.85), p = 0.007. Short sleep reduced cortical thickness (TH) of paracentral with global weighted (OR (95% CI): -0.11 (-0.19, -0.03), p = 0.006). Short sleep reduced TH of parahippocampal with global weighted (b (95% CI): -0.25 (-0.42, -0.07), p = 0.006). No pleiotropy was detected. However, none of the Bonferroni-corrected p values of the causal relationship between cortical structure and the five types of sleep traits met the threshold. Conclusions: Our results potentially show evidence of a higher risk association between neuropsychiatric disorders and not only paracentral and parahippocampal brain areas atrophy, but also an increase in the middle temporal zone. Our findings shed light on the associations of cortical structure with the occurrence of five types of sleep traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Chen
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (S.Y.); (P.L.)
| | - Shiyi Lyu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (S.Y.); (P.L.)
| | - Wang Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Sijie Yi
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (S.Y.); (P.L.)
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (S.Y.); (P.L.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (S.Y.); (P.L.)
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha 410011, China
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Aoki S, Nagatani F, Kagitani-Shimono K, Ohno Y, Taniike M, Mohri I. Examining normative values using the Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery and developmental traits of executive functions among elementary school-aged children in Japan. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1141628. [PMID: 37663362 PMCID: PMC10469330 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1141628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) is a computerized and child-friendly neuropsychological assessment battery that includes subtests aimed at evaluating some aspects of executive functions. Using the CANTAB, this study aims to establish normative values based on the aspects of executive functions among school-aged children in Japan. The participants included 234 children (135 boys and 99 girls aged 6-12 years) enrolled in regular classes, without any clinical records of developmental disorders or educational support. The participants were grouped according to age (6-7, 8-9, and 10-12 years). Four CANTAB subtests, including spatial working memory (SWM) to assess spatial working memory, Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) to evaluate planning, intra/extradimensional set shift (IED) to evaluate attentional set shifting and flexibility, and stop signal task (SST) to evaluate inhibition, were administered to each participant. The results showed that performance in all the CANTAB subtests administered changed with age. Among the subtests, compared with performances in the SOC and IED, those in the SWM and SST improved earlier, thereby indicating that spatial working memory and inhibition develop earlier than planning as well as attentional set shifting and flexibility. Additionally, in the SST subtest, girls made fewer errors than boys did in the 6-7 years group. This study presents normative data of four CANTAB subtests according to age and sex among school-aged children in Japan. We expect that the findings will be used to develop effective tools for the early detection of and support for children with executive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Aoki
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Nagatani
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ohno
- Department of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Taniike
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mohri
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Singh M, Skippen P, He J, Thomson P, Fuelscher I, Caeyenberghs K, Anderson V, Nicholson JM, Hyde C, Silk TJ. Longitudinal developmental trajectories of inhibition and white-matter maturation of the fronto-basal-ganglia circuits. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101171. [PMID: 36372005 PMCID: PMC9660590 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition refers to the cancelling of planned (or restraining of ongoing) actions and is required in much of our everyday life. Response inhibition appears to improve dramatically in early development and plateau in adolescence. The fronto-basal-ganglia network has long been shown to predict individual differences in the ability to enact response inhibition. In the current study, we examined whether developmental trajectories of fiber-specific white matter properties of the fronto-basal-ganglia network was predictive of parallel developmental trajectories of response inhibition. 138 children aged 9-14 completed the stop-signal task (SST). A subsample of 73 children underwent high-angular resolution diffusion MRI data for up to three time points. Performance on the SST was assessed using a parametric race modelling approach. White matter organization of the fronto-basal-ganglia circuit was estimated using fixel-based analysis. Contrary to predictions, we did not find any significant associations between maturational trajectories of fronto-basal-ganglia white matter and developmental improvements in SST performance. Findings suggest that the development of white matter organization of the fronto-basal-ganglia and development of stopping performance follow distinct maturational trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervyn Singh
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Patrick Skippen
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Jason He
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Phoebe Thomson
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Fuelscher
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicki Anderson
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jan M Nicholson
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christian Hyde
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy J Silk
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hill SY, Wellman JL, Zezza N, Steinhauer SR, Sharma V, Holmes B. Epigenetic Effects in HPA Axis Genes Associated with Cortical Thickness, ERP Components and SUD Outcome. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:347. [PMID: 36285916 PMCID: PMC9598712 DOI: 10.3390/bs12100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Association between familial loading for alcohol use disorders (AUD) and event-related potentials (ERPs) suggests a genetic basis for these oscillations though much less is known about epigenetic pathways influenced by environmental variation. Early life adversity (ELA) influences negative outcomes much later in life. The stress-activated neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) contributes to the deleterious effects of ELA on brain structure and function in animals. Accordingly, we hypothesized that ELA would be related to cortical thickness and electrophysiological characteristics through an epigenetic effect on CRH receptor type-1 (CRHR1) methylation. A total of 217 adolescent and young adult participants from either multiplex alcohol dependence or control families were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3T and cortical thickness was determined. Longitudinal follow-up across childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood provided developmental ERP data and measures of adversity. Blood samples for genetic and epigenetic analyses were obtained in childhood. Cortical thickness and visual ERP components were analyzed for their association and tested for familial risk group differences. Visual P300 amplitude at Pz and cortical thickness of the left lateral orbitofrontal region (LOFC), were significantly related to risk group status. LOFC cortical thickness showed a negative correlation with CRHR1 methylation status and with childhood total stress scores from the Life Stressors and Social Resources Inventory (LISRES). Stress scores were also significantly related to P300 amplitude recorded in childhood. The present results suggest that early life adversity reflected in greater total LISRES stress scores in childhood can impact the methylation of the CRHR1 gene with implications for brain development as seen in cortical thickness and electrophysiological signals emanating from particular brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Y. Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O’Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jeannette L. Wellman
- Department of Psychiatry and Magee Women’s Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nicholas Zezza
- Department of Psychiatry and Shadyside Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Vinod Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O’Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brian Holmes
- UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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Weiss H, Luciana M. Neurobehavioral maturation of motor response inhibition in adolescence - A narrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104646. [PMID: 35367223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immature motor response inhibition in adolescence is considered contributory to adolescent risk-taking and externalizing behaviors. We review studies reporting age-related variations in motor response inhibition and MRI measurements from typically-developing adolescents. Reviewed studies measured response inhibition using one of three tasks-the Stop Signal Task, Go/No-Go, and Antisaccade Task. Task reliability appears to be particularly strong for the SST. Across tasks and study designs, results indicate that inhibitory control improves markedly through early adolescence. The trajectory of change in later adolescence and into young adulthood (i.e., linear or plateauing) varies depending on the task design. Neuroimaging studies identify adult-like response inhibition networks that are involved in behavioral development. The pros and cons of each task are discussed, including recommendations to guide future studies. Ongoing studies in large longitudinal datasets offer opportunities for further exploration of the shape of change in response inhibition, related neural regions, and associations with other affective and cognitive processes to identify potential impacts of motor response inhibition immaturities or individual differences on adolescent risk-taking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
| | - Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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7
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Callahan BL, Ramakrishnan N, Shammi P, Bierstone D, Taylor R, Ozzoude M, Goubran M, Stuss DT, Black SE. Cognitive and Neuroimaging Profiles of Older Adults With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Presenting to a Memory Clinic. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1118-1129. [PMID: 34784815 PMCID: PMC9066671 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211060546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may resemble those of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults, contributing to diagnostic uncertainty in individuals seeking assessment in memory clinics. We systematically compared cognition and brain structure in ADHD and MCI to clarify the extent of overlap and identify potential features unique to each. METHOD Older adults from a Cognitive Neurology clinic (40 ADHD, 29 MCI, 37 controls) underwent neuropsychological assessment. A subsample (n = 80) underwent structural neuroimaging. RESULTS Memory was impaired in both patient groups, but reflected a storage deficit in MCI (supported by relatively smaller hippocampi) and an encoding deficit in ADHD (supported by frontal lobe thinning). Both groups displayed normal executive functioning. Semantic retrieval was uniquely impaired in MCI. CONCLUSION Although ADHD has been proposed as a dementia risk factor or prodrome, we propose it is rather a pathophysiologically-unique phenotypic mimic acting via overlap in memory and executive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy L. Callahan
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Brandy Callahan, RPsych. Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | | | | | - Daniel Bierstone
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Chen X, Kong J, Pan J, Huang K, Zhou W, Diao X, Cai J, Zheng J, Yang X, Xie W, Yu H, Li J, Pei L, Dong W, Qin H, Huang J, Lin T. Kidney damage causally affects the brain cortical structure: A Mendelian randomization study. EBioMedicine 2021; 72:103592. [PMID: 34619639 PMCID: PMC8498227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the brain cortical structures of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported; however, the cause has not been determined yet. Herein, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to reveal the causal effect of kidney damage on brain cortical structure. METHODS Genome-wide association studies summary data of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in 480,698 participants from the CKDGen Consortium were used to identify genetically predicted eGFR. Data from 567,460 individuals from the CKDGen Consortium were used to assess genetically determined CKD; 302,687 participants from the UK Biobank were used to evaluate genetically predicted albuminuria. Further, data from 51,665 patients from the ENIGMA Consortium were used to assess the relationship between genetic predisposition and reduced eGFR, CKD, and progressive albuminuria with alterations in cortical thickness (TH) or surficial area (SA) of the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the SA and TH globally and in 34 functional regions. Inverse-variance weighted was used as the primary estimate whereas MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, MR-Egger and weighted median were used to detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy. FINDINGS At the global level, albuminuria decreased TH (β = -0.07 mm, 95% CI: -0.12 mm to -0.02 mm, P = 0.004); at the functional level, albuminuria reduced TH of pars opercularis gyrus without global weighted (β = -0.11 mm, 95% CI: -0.16 mm to -0.07 mm, P = 3.74×10-6). No pleiotropy was detected. INTERPRETATION Kidney damage causally influences the cortex structure which suggests the existence of a kidney-brain axis. FUNDING This study was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2020A1515111119 and 2017B020227007), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFA0902803), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81825016, 81961128027, 81772719, 81772728), the Key Areas Research and Development Program of Guangdong (Grant No. 2018B010109006), Guangdong Special Support Program (2017TX04R246), Grant KLB09001 from the Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, and Grants from the Guangdong Science and Technology Department (2020B1212060018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianqiu Kong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiexin Pan
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, PR China
| | | | - Xiayao Diao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiahao Cai
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junjiong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuefan Yang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weibin Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiande Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, PR China
| | - Lu Pei
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wen Dong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Haide Qin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Palmer CE, Zhao W, Loughnan R, Zou J, Fan CC, Thompson WK, Dale AM, Jernigan TL. Distinct Regionalization Patterns of Cortical Morphology are Associated with Cognitive Performance Across Different Domains. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3856-3871. [PMID: 33825852 PMCID: PMC8258441 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive performance in children is predictive of academic and social outcomes; therefore, understanding neurobiological mechanisms underlying individual differences in cognition during development may be important for improving quality of life. The belief that a single, psychological construct underlies many cognitive processes is pervasive throughout society. However, it is unclear if there is a consistent neural substrate underlying many cognitive processes. Here, we show that a distributed configuration of cortical surface area and apparent thickness, when controlling for global imaging measures, is differentially associated with cognitive performance on different types of tasks in a large sample (N = 10 145) of 9-11-year-old children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) study. The minimal overlap in these regionalization patterns of association has implications for competing theories about developing intellectual functions. Surprisingly, not controlling for sociodemographic factors increased the similarity between these regionalization patterns. This highlights the importance of understanding the shared variance between sociodemographic factors, cognition and brain structure, particularly with a population-based sample such as ABCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Palmer
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - R Loughnan
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - J Zou
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - C C Fan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - W K Thompson
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - A M Dale
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - T L Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Hsieh S, Yang MH. Two-Year Follow-Up Study of the Relationship Between Brain Structure and Cognitive Control Function Across the Adult Lifespan. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:655050. [PMID: 34140887 PMCID: PMC8205153 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.655050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in cognitive control and general slowing are prominent phenomena in aging research. These declines in cognitive functions have been shown to also involve age-related decline in brain structure. However, most evidence in support of these associations is based on cross-sectional data. Therefore, the aim of this study is to contrast cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses to re-examine if the relationship between age-related brain structure and cognitive function are similar between the two approaches. One hundred and two participants completed two sessions with an average interval of 2 years. All participants were assessed by questionnaires, a series of cognitive tasks, and they all underwent neuroimaging acquisition. The main results of this study show that the majority of the conclusions regarding age effect in cognitive control function and processing speed in the literature can be replicated based on the cross-sectional data. Conversely, when we followed up individuals over an average interval of 2 years, then we found much fewer significant relationships between age-related change in gray matter structure of the cognitive control network and age-related change in cognitive control function. Furthermore, there was no "initial age" effect in the relationships between age-related changes in brain structure and cognitive function. This finding suggests that the "aging" relationship between brain structure and cognitive function over a short period of time are independent of "initial age" difference at time point 1. The result of this study warrants the importance of longitudinal research for aging studies to elucidate actual aging processes on cognitive control function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Hsieh
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory: Control, Aging, Sleep, and Emotion (CASE), Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Heng Yang
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory: Control, Aging, Sleep, and Emotion (CASE), Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Nakajima R, Kinoshita M, Okita H, Shinohara H, Nakada M. Disconnection of posterior part of the frontal aslant tract causes acute phase motor functional deficit. Brain Cogn 2021; 151:105752. [PMID: 33993006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The frontal aslant tract (FAT) mainly connects the supplementary motor area (SMA) and inferior frontal gyrus. The left FAT is involved in language-related functions, while the functional role of the right FAT is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of the right FAT by dividing it into three segments according to the anatomical structure. A total of 34 right frontal gliomas who had undergone surgery were studied. Participants were assessed for the acute and chronic phases of several neuropsychological and motor functions. FAT was reconstructed into the anterior, middle, and posterior segments according to the cortical connections as the medial prefrontal cortex, pre-SMA, and SMA proper, respectively. The relationships between the damaged severity of each FAT segment and behavioral scores were analyzed. A significant relationship was observed only in the acute phase motor function and posterior segment of the FAT. The middle segment was involved in motor function, but it did not have a sufficient significance level compared to the posterior segment. Our study revealed that the right FAT can be divided into three segments and that its posterior segment is related to acute phase motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riho Nakajima
- Department of Occupational therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Okita
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Harumichi Shinohara
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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Madsen KS, Johansen LB, Thompson WK, Siebner HR, Jernigan TL, Baaré WF. Maturational trajectories of white matter microstructure underlying the right presupplementary motor area reflect individual improvements in motor response cancellation in children and adolescents. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Chen EY, Zeffiro TA. Hunger and BMI modulate neural responses to sweet stimuli: fMRI meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1636-1652. [PMID: 32555497 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consuming sweet foods, even when sated, can lead to unwanted weight gain. Contextual factors, such as longer time fasting, subjective hunger, and body mass index (BMI), may increase the likelihood of overeating. Nevertheless, the neural mechanisms underlying these moderating influences on energy intake are poorly understood. METHODS We conducted both categorical meta-analysis and meta-regression of factors modulating neural responses to sweet stimuli, using data from 30 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) articles incorporating 39 experiments (N = 995) carried out between 2006 and 2019. RESULTS Responses to sweet stimuli were associated with increased activity in regions associated with taste, sensory integration, and reward processing. These taste-evoked responses were modulated by context. Longer fasts were associated with higher posterior cerebellar, thalamic, and striatal activity. Greater self-reported hunger was associated with higher medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), dorsal striatum, and amygdala activity and lower posterior cerebellar activity. Higher BMI was associated with higher posterior cerebellar and insular activity. CONCLUSIONS Variations in fasting time, self-reported hunger, and BMI are contexts associated with differential sweet stimulus responses in regions associated with reward processing and homeostatic regulation. These results are broadly consistent with a hierarchical model of taste processing. Hunger, but not fasting or BMI, was associated with sweet stimulus-related OFC activity. Our findings extend existing models of taste processing to include posterior cerebellar regions that are associated with moderating effects of both state (fast length and self-reported hunger) and trait (BMI) variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Y Chen
- TEDP (Temple Eating Disorders Program), Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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Isaacs BR, Trutti AC, Pelzer E, Tittgemeyer M, Temel Y, Forstmann BU, Keuken MC. Cortico-basal white matter alterations occurring in Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214343. [PMID: 31425517 PMCID: PMC6699705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging studies typically use standard anatomical atlases for identification and analyses of (patho-)physiological effects on specific brain areas; these atlases often fail to incorporate neuroanatomical alterations that may occur with both age and disease. The present study utilizes Parkinson's disease and age-specific anatomical atlases of the subthalamic nucleus for diffusion tractography, assessing tracts that run between the subthalamic nucleus and a-priori defined cortical areas known to be affected by Parkinson's disease. The results show that the strength of white matter fiber tracts appear to remain structurally unaffected by disease. Contrary to that, Fractional Anisotropy values were shown to decrease in Parkinson's disease patients for connections between the subthalamic nucleus and the pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the pre-supplementary motor, collectively involved in preparatory motor control, decision making and task monitoring. While the biological underpinnings of fractional anisotropy alterations remain elusive, they may nonetheless be used as an index of Parkinson's disease. Moreover, we find that failing to account for structural changes occurring in the subthalamic nucleus with age and disease reduce the accuracy and influence the results of tractography, highlighting the importance of using appropriate atlases for tractography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany. R. Isaacs
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience research unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne. C. Trutti
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience research unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cognitive Psychology, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Pelzer
- Translational Neurocircuitry, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Clinics, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Translational Neurocircuitry, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Clinics, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Birte. U. Forstmann
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience research unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max. C. Keuken
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience research unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Error processing in the adolescent brain: Age-related differences in electrophysiology, behavioral adaptation, and brain morphology. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 38:100665. [PMID: 31176282 PMCID: PMC6969341 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting errors and adjusting behaviour appropriately are fundamental cognitive abilities that are known to improve through adolescence. The cognitive and neural processes underlying this development, however, are still poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we performed a thorough investigation of error processing in a Flanker task in a cross-sectional sample of participants 8 to 19 years of age (n = 98). We examined age-related differences in event-related potentials known to be associated with error processing, namely the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe), as well as their relationships with task performance, post-error adjustments and regional cingulate cortex thickness and surface area. We found that ERN amplitude increased with age, while Pe amplitude remained constant. A more negative ERN was associated with higher task accuracy and faster reaction times, while a more positive Pe was associated with higher accuracy, independently of age. When estimating post-error adjustments from trials following both incongruent and congruent trials, post-error slowing and post-error improvement in accuracy both increased with age, but this was only found for post-error slowing when analysing trials following incongruent trials. There were no age-independent associations between either ERN or Pe amplitude and cingulate cortex thickness or area measures.
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16
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Development of the P300 from childhood to adulthood: a multimodal EEG and MRI study. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:4337-4349. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Beyond volume: A surface-based approach to bilingualism-induced grey matter changes. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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