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Plourde G, Roumes H, Suissa L, Hirt L, Doche É, Pellerin L, Bouzier-Sore AK, Quintard H. Neuroprotective effects of lactate and ketone bodies in acute brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1078-1088. [PMID: 38603600 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241245486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The goal of neurocritical care is to prevent and reverse the pathologic cascades of secondary brain injury by optimizing cerebral blood flow, oxygen supply and substrate delivery. While glucose is an essential energetic substrate for the brain, we frequently observe a strong decrease in glucose delivery and/or a glucose metabolic dysregulation following acute brain injury. In parallel, during the last decades, lactate and ketone bodies have been identified as potential alternative fuels to provide energy to the brain, both under physiological conditions and in case of glucose shortage. They are now viewed as integral parts of brain metabolism. In addition to their energetic role, experimental evidence also supports their neuroprotective properties after acute brain injury, regulating in particular intracranial pressure control, decreasing ischemic volume, and leading to an improvement in cognitive functions as well as survival. In this review, we present preclinical and clinical evidence exploring the mechanisms underlying their neuroprotective effects and identify research priorities for promoting lactate and ketone bodies use in brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Plourde
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hélène Roumes
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (CRMSB), Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRMSB/UMR 5536, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Lorenz Hirt
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, Lausanne, Suisse
| | - Émilie Doche
- Neurovascular Unit, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Pellerin
- IRMETIST Inserm U1313, Université et CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (CRMSB), Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRMSB/UMR 5536, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hervé Quintard
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genéve, Genéve, Suisse
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Dienel GA, Rothman DL. In vivo calibration of genetically encoded metabolite biosensors must account for metabolite metabolism during calibration and cellular volume. J Neurochem 2024; 168:506-532. [PMID: 36726217 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Isotopic assays of brain glucose utilization rates have been used for more than four decades to establish relationships between energetics, functional activity, and neurotransmitter cycling. Limitations of these methods include the relatively long time (1-60 min) for the determination of labeled metabolite levels and the lack of cellular resolution. Identification and quantification of fuels for neurons and astrocytes that support activation and higher brain functions are a major, unresolved issues. Glycolysis is preferentially up-regulated during activation even though oxygen level and supply are adequate, causing lactate concentrations to quickly rise during alerting, sensory processing, cognitive tasks, and memory consolidation. However, the fate of lactate (rapid release from brain or cell-cell shuttling coupled with local oxidation) is long disputed. Genetically encoded biosensors can determine intracellular metabolite concentrations and report real-time lactate level responses to sensory, behavioral, and biochemical challenges at the cellular level. Kinetics and time courses of cellular lactate concentration changes are informative, but accurate biosensor calibration is required for quantitative comparisons of lactate levels in astrocytes and neurons. An in vivo calibration procedure for the Laconic lactate biosensor involves intracellular lactate depletion by intravenous pyruvate-mediated trans-acceleration of lactate efflux followed by sensor saturation by intravenous infusion of high doses of lactate plus ammonium chloride. In the present paper, the validity of this procedure is questioned because rapid lactate-pyruvate interconversion in blood, preferential neuronal oxidation of both monocarboxylates, on-going glycolytic metabolism, and cellular volumes were not taken into account. Calibration pitfalls for the Laconic lactate biosensor also apply to other metabolite biosensors that are standardized in vivo by infusion of substrates that can be metabolized in peripheral tissues. We discuss how technical shortcomings negate the conclusion that Laconic sensor calibrations support the existence of an in vivo astrocyte-neuron lactate concentration gradient linked to lactate shuttling from astrocytes to neurons to fuel neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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3
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van Gemert LA, van Alfen N, van Gaal L, Wortmann S, Willemsen MA. Effects of Sodium Lactate Infusion in Two Girls with Glucose Transporter 1 Deficiency Syndrome. Neuropediatrics 2023; 54:365-370. [PMID: 37478891 PMCID: PMC10643022 DOI: 10.1055/a-2134-8766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose is an important fuel for the brain. In glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS), the transport of glucose across the blood-brain barrier is limited. Most individuals with GLUT1DS present with developmental problems, epilepsy, and (paroxysmal) movement disorders, and respond favorably to the ketogenic diet. Similar to ketones, lactate is an alternative energy source for the brain. The aim of this study is to investigate whether intravenous infusion of sodium lactate in children with GLUT1DS has beneficial effects on their epilepsy. METHODS We performed a proof of principle study with two subjects with GLUT1DS who were not on a ketogenic diet and suffered from absence epilepsy. After overnight fasting, sodium lactate (600 mmol/L) was infused during 120 minutes, under video electroencephalographic (EEG) recording and monitoring of serum lactate, glucose, electrolytes, and pH. Furthermore, the EEGs were compared with pre-/postprandial EEGs of both subjects, obtained shortly before the study. RESULTS Fasting EEGs of both subjects showed frequent bilateral, frontocentral polyspike and wave complexes. In one subject, no more epileptic discharges were seen postprandially and after the start of lactate infusion. The EEG of the other subject did not change, neither postprandially nor after lactate infusion. Serum pH, lactate, and sodium changed temporarily during the study. CONCLUSION This study suggests that sodium lactate infusion is possible in individuals with GLUT1DS, and may have potential therapeutic effects. Cellular abnormalities, beyond neuronal energy failure, may contribute to the underlying disease mechanisms of GLUT1DS, explaining why not all individuals respond to the supplementation of alternative energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes A. van Gemert
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nens van Alfen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lizzy van Gaal
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Wortmann
- University Childrens Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michèl A. Willemsen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kane DA, Foo ACY, Noftall EB, Brebner K, Marangoni DG. Lactate shuttling as an allostatic means of thermoregulation in the brain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1144639. [PMID: 37250407 PMCID: PMC10217782 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1144639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate, the redox-balanced end product of glycolysis, travels within and between cells to fulfill an array of physiologic functions. While evidence for the centrality of this lactate shuttling in mammalian metabolism continues to mount, its application to physical bioenergetics remains underexplored. Lactate represents a metabolic "cul-de-sac," as it can only re-enter metabolism by first being converted back to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Given the differential distribution of lactate producing/consuming tissues during metabolic stresses (e.g., exercise), we hypothesize that lactate shuttling vis-à-vis the exchange of extracellular lactate between tissues serves a thermoregulatory function, i.e., an allostatic strategy to mitigate the consequences of elevated metabolic heat. To explore this idea, the rates of heat and respiratory oxygen consumption in saponin-permeabilized rat cortical brain samples fed lactate or pyruvate were measured. Heat and respiratory oxygen consumption rates, and calorespirometric ratios were lower during lactate vs. pyruvate-linked respiration. These results support the hypothesis of allostatic thermoregulation in the brain with lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Kane
- Department of Human Kinetics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Alexander C. Y. Foo
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Erin B. Noftall
- Department of Human Kinetics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Karen Brebner
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
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Nabatame S, Tanigawa J, Tominaga K, Kagitani-Shimono K, Yanagihara K, Imai K, Ando T, Tsuyusaki Y, Araya N, Matsufuji M, Natsume J, Yuge K, Bratkovic D, Arai H, Okinaga T, Matsushige T, Azuma Y, Ishihara N, Miyatake S, Kato M, Matsumoto N, Okamoto N, Takahashi S, Hattori S, Ozono K. Association between cerebrospinal fluid parameters and developmental and neurological status in glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2023; 447:120597. [PMID: 36965413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS), cerebrospinal fluid glucose (CSFG) and CSFG to blood glucose ratio (CBGR) show significant differences among groups classified by phenotype or genotype. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between these biochemical parameters and Glut1DS severity. METHODS The medical records of 45 patients who visited Osaka University Hospital between March 2004 and December 2021 were retrospectively examined. Neurological status was determined using the developmental quotient (DQ), assessed using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001, and the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). CSF parameters included CSFG, CBGR, and CSF lactate (CSFL). RESULTS CSF was collected from 41 patients, and DQ and SARA were assessed in 24 and 27 patients, respectively. Simple regression analysis showed moderate associations between neurological status and biochemical parameters. CSFG resulted in a higher R2 than CBGR in these analyses. CSF parameters acquired during the first year of life were not comparable to those acquired later. CSFL was measured in 16 patients (DQ and SARA in 11 and 14 patients, respectively). Although simple regression analysis also showed moderate associations between neurological status and CSFG and CSFL, the multiple regression analysis for DQ and SARA resulted in strong associations through the use of a combination of CSFG and CSFL as explanatory variables. CONCLUSION The severity of Glut1DS can be predicted from CSF parameters. Glucose and lactate are independent contributors to the developmental and neurological status in Glut1DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nabatame
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Junpei Tanigawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Koji Tominaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Keiko Yanagihara
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan.
| | - Katsumi Imai
- Department of Clinical Research, National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 420-8688, Japan.
| | - Toru Ando
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Municipal Tsuruga Hospital, 1-6-60, Mishimacho, Tsuruga, Fukui 914-8502, Japan.
| | - Yu Tsuyusaki
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan.
| | - Nami Araya
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Shiwa, Iwate 028-3695, Japan; Epilepsy Clinic Bethel Satellite Sendai-Station, Comfort Hotel Sendai-Higashiguchi #1F, 205-5 Nakakecho, Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi 983-0864, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Matsufuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima City Hospital, 37-1 Uearatacho, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8760, Japan.
| | - Jun Natsume
- Department of Developmental Disability Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Yuge
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Drago Bratkovic
- Metabolic Clinic, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide 5006, SA, Australia.
| | - Hiroshi Arai
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Bobath Memorial Hospital, 1-6-5 Higashinakahama, Joto, Osaka, Osaka 536-0023, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Okinaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Bell Land General Hospital, 500-3 Higashiyama, Naka, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8247, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Matsushige
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Yoshiteru Azuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, 1-1, Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Naoko Ishihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine and Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Zhu Z, Chen Y, Zou J, Gao S, Wu D, Li X, Hu N, Zhao J, Huang W, Chen H. Lactate Mediates the Bone Anabolic Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training by Inducing Osteoblast Differentiation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2023; 105:369-379. [PMID: 36728458 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) reportedly improves bone metabolism and increases bone mineral density (BMD). The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether lactate mediates the beneficial effects of exercise on BMD, bone microarchitecture, and biomechanical properties in an established osteoporotic animal model. In addition, we hypothesized that lactate-induced bone augmentation is achieved through enhanced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. METHODS A total of 50 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated into 5 groups: the nonovariectomized group, the ovariectomized group (OVX), the HIIT group (OVX + HIIT), the HIIT with lactate transporter inhibition group (OVX + HIIT + INH), and the lactate subcutaneous injection group (OVX + LAC). After 7 weeks of intervention, bone mass, bone strength, and bone formation/resorption processes were evaluated via microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), biomechanical testing, histological analysis, and serum biochemical assays; in vitro studies were performed to explore the bone anabolic effect of lactate at the cellular level. RESULTS Micro-CT revealed significantly increased BMD in both the OVX + HIIT group (mean difference, 41.03 mg hydroxyapatite [HA]/cm 3 [95% CI, 2.51 to 79.54 mg HA/cm 3 ]; p = 0.029) and the OVX + LAC group (mean difference, 40.40 mg HA/cm 3 [95% CI, 4.08 to 76.71 mg HA/cm 3 ]; p = 0.031) compared with the OVX group. Biomechanical testing demonstrated significantly improved mechanical properties in those 2 groups. However, the beneficial effects of exercise on bone microstructure and biomechanics were largely abolished by blocking the lactate transporter. Notably, histological and biochemical results indicated that increased bone formation was responsible for the bone augmentation effects of HIIT and lactate. Cell culture studies showed a marked increase in the expression of osteoblastic markers with lactate treatment, which could be eliminated by blocking the lactate transporter. CONCLUSIONS Lactate may have mediated the bone anabolic effect of HIIT in osteoporotic mice, which may have resulted from enhanced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Lactate may mediate the bone anabolic effect of HIIT and serve as a potential inexpensive therapeutic strategy for bone augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandong Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Shatova OP, Shegay PV, Zabolotneva AA, Shestopalov AV, Kaprin AD. Lactate: a New Look at the Role of an Evolutionarily Ancient Metabolite. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s002209302206028x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lawson D, Vann C, Schoenfeld BJ, Haun C. Beyond Mechanical Tension: A Review of Resistance Exercise-Induced Lactate Responses & Muscle Hypertrophy. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7040081. [PMID: 36278742 PMCID: PMC9590033 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to explore and discuss recent research relating to the lactate response to resistance training and the potential mechanisms by which lactate may contribute to skeletal muscle hypertrophy or help to prevent muscle atrophy. First, we will discuss foundational information pertaining to lactate including metabolism, measurement, shuttling, and potential (although seemingly elusive) mechanisms for hypertrophy. We will then provide a brief analysis of resistance training protocols and the associated lactate response. Lastly, we will discuss potential shortcomings, resistance training considerations, and future research directions regarding lactate's role as a potential anabolic agent for skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lawson
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher Vann
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Brad J. Schoenfeld
- Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, Lehman College of CUNY, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Cody Haun
- Fitomics, LLC, Alabaster, AL 35007, USA
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