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Thornton S, Kalirai H, Aughton K, Coupland SE. Unpacking the genetic etiology of uveal melanoma. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2020.1785872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Thornton
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trusts, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trusts, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karen Aughton
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah E. Coupland
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trusts, Liverpool, UK
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2
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Frizziero L, Midena E, Trainiti S, Londei D, Bonaldi L, Bini S, Parrozzani R. Uveal Melanoma Biopsy: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081075. [PMID: 31366043 PMCID: PMC6721328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraocular tumor diagnosis is based on clinical findings supported by additional imaging tools, such as ultrasound, optical coherence tomography and angiographic techniques, usually without the need for invasive procedures or tissue sampling. Despite improvements in the local treatment of uveal melanoma (UM), the prevention and treatment of the metastatic disease remain unsolved, and nearly 50% of patients develop liver metastasis. The current model suggests that tumor cells have already spread by the time of diagnosis, remaining dormant until there are favorable conditions. Tumor sampling procedures at the time of primary tumor diagnosis/treatment are therefore now commonly performed, usually not to confirm the diagnosis of UM, but to obtain a tissue sample for prognostication, to assess patient's specific metastatic risk. Moreover, several studies are ongoing to identify genes specific to UM tumorigenesis, leading to several potential targeted therapeutic strategies. Genetic information can also influence the surveillance timing and metastatic screening type of patients affected by UM. In spite of the widespread use of biopsies in general surgical practice, in ophthalmic oncology the indications and contraindications for tumor biopsy continue to be under debate. The purpose of this review paper is to critically evaluate the role of uveal melanoma biopsy in ophthalmic oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Frizziero
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara Trainiti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Londei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Bonaldi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bini
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy
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Bakhoum MF, Esmaeli B. Molecular Characteristics of Uveal Melanoma: Insights from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Project. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081061. [PMID: 31357599 PMCID: PMC6721321 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) uveal melanoma project was a comprehensive multi-platform deep molecular investigation of 80 uveal melanoma primary tissue samples supported by the National Cancer Institute. In addition to identification of important mutations for the first time, it identified four different clusters (subgroups) of patients paralleling prognosis. The findings of the TCGA marker paper are summarized in this review manuscript and other investigations that have stemmed from the findings of the TCGA project are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu F Bakhoum
- Shiley Eye Institute, Jacobs Retina Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bita Esmaeli
- Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy, and its metastases are deadly. Significant work has been done to elucidate the molecular framework that causes uveal melanoma development and metastasis. This review is intended to highlight the most recent breakthroughs in the molecular understanding of uveal melanoma. RECENT FINDINGS Monosomy of chromosome 3 and class 2 gene-expression profile are well-known indicators of melanoma metastasis. However, some patients with disomy 3 and class 1 gene expression profiling (GEP) still develop metastasis. Disomy 3 tumors may be further classified based upon the presence of an SF3B1 mutation. The role of SF3B1 gene is unclear at this time but may be related to the development of late metastases among disomy 3 uveal melanoma. Class 1 GEP tumors have recently been subdivided into class 1a and class 1b, with class 1b tumors carrying a slightly higher risk of metastasis. Among patients with either class 1 or class 2 GEP, the expression of preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is an independent risk factor for the development of metastasis. Mutation of GNAQ is the most commonly observed mutation in uveal melanoma, regardless of chromosome 3 status or GEP class. Inhibitors or GNAQ may be targets for therapeutic intervention in uveal melanoma. MicroRNA molecules are small noncoding RNA molecules that have been recently demonstrated to function in RNA silencing and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. These molecules may play a role in the development of uveal melanoma metastasis. SUMMARY New findings such as the presence or absence of PRAME, mutations in the SF3B1 gene and microRNA dysregulation have added new layers to our understanding of uveal melanoma. These new concepts will enhance our ability to prognosticate tumor metastasis and may provide targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Sipos E, Hegyi K, Treszl A, Steiber Z, Mehes G, Dobos N, Fodor K, Olah G, Szekvolgyi L, Schally AV, Halmos G. Concurrence of chromosome 3 and 4 aberrations in human uveal melanoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1927-1934. [PMID: 28350068 PMCID: PMC5367339 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy with a very poor prognosis. The most frequent chromosome aberration in UM is the monosomy of chromosome 3. Previously, we demonstrated that ~50% of UMs express type-I receptor for luteinizing hormone‑releasing hormone (LH-RH-R). The gene encoding LH-RH-R is located in chromosome 4 (location: 4q21.2); however, the occurrence of numerical aberrations of chromosome 4 have never been studied in UM. In the present study, we investigated the abnormalities of chromosome 3 and 4, and the possible correlation between them, as well as with LH-RH-R expression. Forty-six specimens of UM were obtained after enucleation. Numerical aberrations of chromosome 3 and 4 were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Chromosome 4 was detected in normal biparental disomy only in 14 (30%) samples; however, 32 cases (70%) showed more than 2 signals/nucleus. Monosomy of chromosome 3 could be found in 16 (35%) samples. In 6 specimens (13%), more than 2 copies of chromosome 3 were found, while normal biparental disomy was detected in 24 (52%) samples. Statistical analysis indicated a statistically significant (p<0.05) correlation between the copy number of chromosome 3 and 4. Moreover, moderate difference was revealed in the survival rate of the UM patients with various pathological profiles. No correlation was found between chromosome aberrations and LH-RH-R expression. Our results clearly demonstrate abnormalities in chromosome 3 and 4 and the incidence of the monosomy of chromosome 3 in human UM. In summary, our results provide new incite concerning the genetic background of this tumor. Our findings could contribute to a more precise determination of the prognosis of human UM and to the development of new therapeutic approaches to this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sipos
- Department of Biopharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kata Hegyi
- Department of Pathology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Treszl
- Department of Biopharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Steiber
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabor Mehes
- Department of Pathology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Dobos
- Department of Biopharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Klara Fodor
- Department of Biopharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabor Olah
- Department of Biopharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lorant Szekvolgyi
- MTA-DE Momentum, Genome Architecture and Recombination Research Group, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrew V. Schally
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute and South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, USA
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology-Oncology and Endocrinology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gabor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute and South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, USA
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de Lange MJ, van Pelt SI, Versluis M, Jordanova ES, Kroes WGM, Ruivenkamp C, van der Burg SH, Luyten GPM, van Hall T, Jager MJ, van der Velden PA. Heterogeneity revealed by integrated genomic analysis uncovers a molecular switch in malignant uveal melanoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37824-35. [PMID: 26462151 PMCID: PMC4741968 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiles as well as genomic imbalances are correlated with disease progression in uveal melanoma (UM). We integrated expression and genomic profiles to obtain insight into the oncogenic mechanisms in development and progression of UM. We used tumor tissue from 64 enucleated eyes of UM patients for profiling. Mutations and genomic imbalances were quantified with digital PCR to study tumor heterogeneity and molecular pathogenesis. Gene expression analysis divided the UM panel into three classes. Class I presented tumors with a good prognosis and a distinct genomic make up that is characterized by 6p gain. The UM with a bad prognosis were subdivided into class IIa and class IIb. These classes presented similar survival risks but could be distinguished by tumor heterogeneity. Class IIa presented homogeneous tumors while class IIb tumors, on average, contained 30% of non-mutant cells. Tumor heterogeneity coincided with expression of a set of immune genes revealing an extensive immune infiltrate in class IIb tumors. Molecularly, class IIa and IIb presented the same genomic configuration and could only be distinguished by 8q copy number. Moreover, UM establish in the void of the immune privileged eye indicating that in IIb tumors the infiltrate is attracted by the UM. Combined our data show that chromosome 8q contains the locus that causes the immune phentotype of UM. UM thereby provides an unique opportunity to study immune attraction by tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mieke Versluis
- Department of Ophthalmology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wilma G M Kroes
- Department of Clinical Genetics Laboratory for Diagnostic Genome Analysis (LDGA), LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics Laboratory for Diagnostic Genome Analysis (LDGA), LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Valpione S, Moser JC, Parrozzani R, Bazzi M, Mansfield AS, Mocellin S, Pigozzo J, Midena E, Markovic SN, Aliberti C, Campana LG, Chiarion-Sileni V. Development and external validation of a prognostic nomogram for metastatic uveal melanoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120181. [PMID: 25780931 PMCID: PMC4363319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 50% of patients with uveal melanoma (UM) will develop metastatic disease, usually involving the liver. The outcome of metastatic UM (mUM) is generally poor and no standard therapy has been established. Additionally, clinicians lack a validated prognostic tool to evaluate these patients. The aim of this work was to develop a reliable prognostic nomogram for clinicians. Patients and Methods Two cohorts of mUM patients, from Veneto Oncology Institute (IOV) (N=152) and Mayo Clinic (MC) (N=102), were analyzed to develop and externally validate, a prognostic nomogram. Results The median survival of mUM was 17.2 months in the IOV cohort and 19.7 in the MC cohort. Percentage of liver involvement (HR 1.6), elevated levels of serum LDH (HR 1.6), and a WHO performance status=1 (HR 1.5) or 2–3 (HR 4.6) were associated with worse prognosis. Longer disease-free interval from diagnosis of UM to that of mUM conferred a survival advantage (HR 0.9). The nomogram had a concordance probability of 0.75 (SE .006) in the development dataset (IOV), and 0.80 (SE .009) in the external validation (MC). Nomogram predictions were well calibrated. Conclusions The nomogram, which includes percentage of liver involvement, LDH levels, WHO performance status and disease free-interval accurately predicts the prognosis of mUM and could be useful for decision-making and risk stratification for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valpione
- Melanoma Oncology Unit, Veneto Region Oncology Research Institute (IOV-IRCCS), Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padova, Italy
| | - Justin C Moser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, US
| | | | - Marco Bazzi
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Aaron S Mansfield
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padova, Italy
| | - Jacopo Pigozzo
- Melanoma Oncology Unit, Veneto Region Oncology Research Institute (IOV-IRCCS), Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Svetomir N Markovic
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Camillo Aliberti
- Interventional Radiology, Veneto Region Oncology Research Institute (IOV-IRCCS) Padova, Italy
| | - Luca G Campana
- Sarcoma and Melanoma Unit, Veneto Region Oncology Research Institute (IOV-IRCCS) Padova, Italy
| | - Vanna Chiarion-Sileni
- Melanoma Oncology Unit, Veneto Region Oncology Research Institute (IOV-IRCCS), Padova, Italy
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8
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Zhao H, Li Y, Wang S, Yang Y, Wang J, Ruan X, Yang Y, Cai K, Zhang B, Cui P, Yan J, Zhao Y, Wakeland EK, Li Q, Hu S, Fang X. Whole transcriptome RNA-seq analysis: tumorigenesis and metastasis of melanoma. Gene 2014; 548:234-43. [PMID: 25034661 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most malignant cutaneous cancer and causes over 9000 deaths annually. Because fatality rates from malignant melanoma (MM) increase dramatically upon metastasis, we investigated tumorigenesis and metastasis of MM in transcriptome analyses of three distinct cell lines that correspond with the stages of MM pathogenesis: the normal stage (HEMn-LP), the onset of MM (A375), and the metastasis stage (A2058). Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we detected asymmetrical expression of genes among the three cell lines, notably on chromosomes 9, 11, 12, and 14, suggesting their involvement in tumorigenesis and metastasis of MM. These genes were clustered into 41 categories based on their expression patterns, and their biological functions were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. In the top cancer-associated category, HIF1A, IL8, TERT, ONECUT1, and FOXA1 directly interacted with either transcription factors or cytokines that are known to be involved in the tumorigenesis or metastasis of other malignant tumors. The present data suggest that cytokine regulatory pathways in macrophages predominate over other pathways during the pathogenesis of MM. This study provides new targets for the downstream mechanistic studies of the tumorigenesis and metastasis of MM and demonstrates a new strategy for studies of the progression of other malignant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yadong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junyun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiuyan Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yaran Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kan Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peng Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Edward K Wakeland
- Department of Immunology & Microarray Core Facility, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Quanzhen Li
- Department of Immunology & Microarray Core Facility, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Songnian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Singh AD, Aronow ME, Sun Y, Bebek G, Saunthararajah Y, Schoenfield LR, Biscotti CV, Tubbs RR, Triozzi PL, Eng C. Chromosome 3 status in uveal melanoma: a comparison of fluorescence in situ hybridization and single-nucleotide polymorphism array. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:3331-9. [PMID: 22511634 PMCID: PMC4625803 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-9027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a centromeric probe for chromosome 3 (CEP3) and 3p26 locus-specific probe with single-nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-A) analysis in the detection of high-risk uveal melanoma. METHODS Fifty cases of uveal melanoma (28 males, 22 females) treated by enucleation between 2004 and 2010 were analyzed. Fresh tissue was used for FISH and SNP-A analysis. FISH was performed using a CEP3 and a 3p26 locus-specific probe. Tumor size, location, and clinical outcome were recorded during the 7-year study period (median follow-up: 35.5 months; mean: 38.5 months). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated. RESULTS Monosomy 3 was detected by FISH-CEP3 in 27 tumors (54%), FISH-3p26 deletion was found in 30 (60%), and SNP-A analysis identified 31 (62%) of the tumors with monosomy 3. Due to technical failures, FISH and SNP-A were noninterpretable in one case (2%) and two cases (4%), respectively. In both cases of SNP-A failure, tumors were positive for FISH 3p26 deletion and in a single case of FISH failure, monosomy 3 was found using SNP-A. No statistically significant differences were observed in any of the sensitivity or specificity measures. CONCLUSIONS For prediction of survival at 36 months, FISH CEP3, FISH 3p26, and SNP-A were comparable. A combination of prognostication techniques should be used in an unlikely event of technical failure (2%-4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun D Singh
- Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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10
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Aronow M, Sun Y, Saunthararajah Y, Biscotti C, Tubbs R, Triozzi P, Singh AD. Monosomy 3 by FISH in uveal melanoma: variability in techniques and results. Surv Ophthalmol 2012; 57:463-73. [PMID: 22658782 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor monosomy 3 confers a poor prognosis in patients with uveal melanoma. We critically review the techniques used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detection of monosomy 3 in order to assess variability in practice patterns and to explain differences in results. Significant variability that has likely affected reported results was found in tissue sampling methods, selection of FISH probes, number of cells counted, and the cut-off point used to determine monosomy 3 status. Clinical parameters and specific techniques employed to report FISH results should be specified so as to allow meta-analysis of published studies. FISH-based detection of monosomy 3 in uveal melanoma has not been performed in a standardized manner, which limits conclusions regarding its clinical utility. FISH is a widely available, versatile technology, and when performed optimally has the potential to be a valuable tool for determining the prognosis of uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Aronow
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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11
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Busam KJ, Fang Y, Jhanwar S, Lacouture M. Diagnosis of blue nevus-like metastatic uveal melanoma confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for monosomy 3. J Cutan Pathol 2012; 39:621-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2012.01893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Fang Y, Wang X, Dusza S, Jhanwar S, Abramson D, Busam KJ. Use of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization to Distinguish Metastatic Uveal From Cutaneous Melanoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2012; 20:246-51. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896912438589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic lesions of malignant melanoma can on occasion be difficult to classify with regard to the primary site of origin. Given the lack of specificity of light microscopic features, ancillary studies are needed. In this study, the authors explored the possibility of distinguishing metastatic tumors derived from uveal primaries from those known to have originated from a cutaneous melanoma by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes for chromosome 3, 8q24, and 1p36. A total of 32 metastatic tumors were analyzed by FISH. Monosomy 3 was detected in 9 out of 16 (56.3%) cases of metastatic uveal melanoma but was not found in any of the 16 metastatic cutaneous melanomas ( P < .001). With regard to 1p36, amplifications were found in 8 out of 16 (50%) cases of metastatic cutaneous melanoma but not in any case of uveal melanoma ( P < .05). 1p36 was deleted in 3 cases of uveal and 1 case of cutaneous melanoma. Amplifications of 8q were found in 15 out of 16 (94%) cases of uveal melanoma metastases and in 12 out of 16 (75%) cases of cutaneous metastases. The findings suggest that FISH for monosomy 3 is a useful adjunct tool in the differential diagnosis of metastatic uveal versus cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Fang
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Dusza
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suresh Jhanwar
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Abramson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Klaus J. Busam
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Abstract
Conventional cytogenetics in conjunction with Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) continues to remain an important and integral component in the diagnosis and management of solid tumors. The ability to effectively detect the vast majority of clinically relevant chromosomal aberrations with a rapid-to-acceptable turnaround time makes them the most cost-effective screening/detection tool currently available in modern pathology. In this review, we describe a representative set of solid tumors in which chromosomal analysis and/or FISH plays a significant role in the routine clinical management of solid tumors.
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14
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Abi-Ayad N, Kodjikian L, Couturier J. [Genomic techniques used in uveal melanoma: a literature review]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2011; 34:259-64. [PMID: 21439677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Genome study and expression profiling of the tumor seem to be the most significant biologic prognostic factor in uveal melanoma. Many cytogenetic and molecular tests are reported; our aim was to assess their ability to detect high metastatic risk patients through a literature review. Standard karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization and microsatellite analysis are not adequate. DNA-based genome techniques must analyse the entire genome (comparative genomic hybridization [CGH]) and, optimally, detect chromosome 3 isodisomy ("single-nucleotid polymorphism" SNP-array). Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is less expensive than array-CGH, but its interpretation may be delicate. Gene expression profiling is the most accurate molecular test for predicting metastatic death in patient with uveal melanoma even if it remains a costly technique. These prognostic tests could be useful to identify high-risk patients in future adjuvant therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Abi-Ayad
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103, grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69317 Lyon cedex 04, France.
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Trocmé E, Mougiakakos D, Johansson CC, All-Eriksson C, Economou MA, Larsson O, Seregard S, Kiessling R, Lin Y. Nuclear HER3 is associated with favorable overall survival in uveal melanoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:1120-7. [PMID: 21484789 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HER3 is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family and is expressed in several types of cancer. Both the cytoplasmic and nuclear appearances of the receptor have been reported. Here, we investigate the expression and subcellular distribution of HER3 in uveal melanoma (UM) cells and tissues and its potential impact on clinical outcome of patients. Paraffin-embedded samples from 128 consecutive UM patients, enucleated without alternative treatment on UM diagnosis, were evaluated for HER3 using immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity was scored for frequency, intensity of positive cells, and subcellular distribution. The results were correlated with the established clinicopathological parameters using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. HER3 expression was shown in 70% of the cases (89/128). This contrasts with the other EGFR family receptors (EGFR, HER2 and HER4) that are infrequently expressed in UM. Surprisingly, HER3 was found to be localized solely in the cell nuclei in 56 cases. The remaining 33 HER3 positive cases showed diffuse distribution (cytoplasmic ± nuclear). Nuclear HER3 was independently correlated with a more favorable overall survival (p = 0.043 and hazard ratio = 0.618) compared to cases with diffuse and/or no HER3. Nuclear localization of HER3 was also confirmed in fresh UM material and in UM cell lines. In conclusion, HER3 is frequently localized solely in the cell nuclei in UM and as such it predicts a more favorable overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Trocmé
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shields CL, Ganguly A, Bianciotto CG, Turaka K, Tavallali A, Shields JA. Prognosis of uveal melanoma in 500 cases using genetic testing of fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens. Ophthalmology 2011; 118:396-401. [PMID: 20869116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the relationship between monosomy 3 and incidence of metastasis after genetic testing of uveal melanoma using fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). DESIGN Noncomparative retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS Five hundred patients. METHODS Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed intraoperatively immediately before plaque radiotherapy. The specimen underwent genetic analysis using DNA amplification and microsatellite assay. Systemic follow-up was obtained regarding melanoma-related metastasis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Presence of chromosome 3 monosomy (loss of heterozygosity) and occurrence of melanoma metastasis. RESULTS Disomy 3 was found in 241 melanomas (48%), partial monosomy 3 was found in 133 melanomas (27%), and complete monosomy 3 was found in 126 melanomas (25%). The cumulative probability for metastasis by 3 years was 2.6% for disomy 3, 5.3% for partial monosomy 3 (equivocal monosomy 3), and 24.0% for complete monosomy 3. At 3 years, for tumors with disomy 3, the cumulative probability of metastasis was 0% for small (0-3 mm thickness), 1.4% for medium (3.1-8 mm thickness), and 23.1% for large (>8 mm thickness) melanomas. At 3 years, for tumors with partial monosomy 3, the cumulative probability of metastasis was 4.5% for small, 6.9% for medium, and [insufficient numbers] for large melanomas. At 3 years, for tumors with complete monosomy 3, the cumulative probability of metastasis was 0% for small, 24.4% for medium, and 57.5% for large melanomas. The most important factors predictive of partial or complete monosomy 3 included increasing tumor thickness (P = 0.001) and increasing distance to optic disc (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS According to FNAB results, patients with uveal melanoma demonstrating complete monosomy 3 have substantially poorer prognosis at 3 years than those with partial monosomy 3 or disomy 3. Patients with partial monosomy 3 do not significantly differ in outcome from those with disomy 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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Fusetti S, Parrozzani R, Urban F, Gurabardhi M, Ferronato G, Midena E. Modified enucleation for choroidal melanoma with large extrascleral extension. Orbit 2010; 29:70-75. [PMID: 20394543 DOI: 10.3109/01676830903294883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the technique and the outcome of modified (enlarged) enucleation via lateral orbitotomy for choroidal melanomas with massive extrascleral extension. METHODS 5 patients with choroidal malanoma with massive, circumscribed perioptic/posterior extrascleral extension underwent modified enucleation via lateral orbitotomy. After lateral orbitotomy and orbital mass exposure with direct tumor visualization, a long optic nerve stump was cut and the orbital component of the tumor was completely (macroscopically) removed along with the globe in all cases. After haemostasis and orbital reconstruction an orbital implant was then placed. Follow-up was longer than 12 months. RESULTS Excellent cosmetic outcome was acheived in all patients (100%) without operative or postoperative complications. At pathologic examination, tumors were completely removed in all cases (100%). CONCLUSIONS Modified (enlarged) enucleation via lateral orbitotomy for selectd choroidal melanomas with massive, circumscribed perioptic/posterior extrascleral extension allows complete tumor removal and placement of an orbital implant, avoiding the long healing process of orbital exenteration with excellent clinical and cosmetic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fusetti
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
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A multimodal approach to eye melanoma: patterns of care and related complications. Oncol Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12156-009-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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