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Zaryouh H, De Pauw I, Baysal H, Pauwels P, Peeters M, Vermorken JB, Lardon F, Wouters A. The Role of Akt in Acquired Cetuximab Resistant Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An In Vitro Study on a Novel Combination Strategy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:697967. [PMID: 34568028 PMCID: PMC8462273 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.697967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a therapeutic target in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies, such as cetuximab, poses a challenging problem. This study aims to characterize acquired cetuximab resistance mechanisms in HNSCC cell lines by protein phosphorylation profiling. Through this, promising combination treatments can be identified to possibly overcome acquired cetuximab resistance in HNSCC. Protein phosphorylation profiling showed increased phosphorylation of Akt1/2/3 after cetuximab treatment in acquired cetuximab resistant cells compared to cetuximab sensitive cells, which was confirmed by western blotting. Based on this protein phosphorylation profile, a novel combination treatment with cetuximab and the Akt1/2/3 inhibitor MK2206 was designed. Synergy between cetuximab and MK2206 was observed in two cetuximab sensitive HNSCC cell lines and one acquired cetuximab resistant variant in simultaneous treatment schedules. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that increased Akt1/2/3 phosphorylation seems to be characteristic for acquired cetuximab resistance in HNSCC cell lines. Our results also show an additive to synergistic interaction between cetuximab and MK2206 in simultaneous treatment schedules. These data support the hypothesis that the combination of cetuximab with PI3K/Akt pathway inhibition might be a promising novel therapeutic strategy to overcome acquired cetuximab resistance in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Zaryouh
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ines De Pauw
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hasan Baysal
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Baptist Vermorken
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Adrian G, Konradsson E, Beyer S, Wittrup A, Butterworth KT, McMahon SJ, Ghita M, Petersson K, Ceberg C. Cancer Cells Can Exhibit a Sparing FLASH Effect at Low Doses Under Normoxic In Vitro-Conditions. Front Oncol 2021; 11:686142. [PMID: 34395253 PMCID: PMC8358772 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.686142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Irradiation with ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) has been shown to spare normal tissue without hampering tumor control in several in vivo studies. Few cell lines have been investigated in vitro, and previous results are inconsistent. Assuming that oxygen depletion accounts for the FLASH sparing effect, no sparing should appear for cells irradiated with low doses in normoxia. Methods Seven cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF7, WiDr, LU-HNSCC4, HeLa [early passage and subclone]) and normal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) were irradiated with doses ranging from 0 to 12 Gy using FLASH (≥800 Gy/s) or conventional dose rates (CONV, 14 Gy/min), with a 10 MeV electron beam from a clinical linear accelerator. Surviving fraction (SF) was determined with clonogenic assays. Three cell lines were further studied for radiation-induced DNA-damage foci using a 53BP1-marker and for cell cycle synchronization after irradiation. Results A tendency of increased survival following FLASH compared with CONV was suggested for all cell lines, with significant differences for 4/7 cell lines. The magnitude of the FLASH-sparing expressed as a dose-modifying factor at SF=0.1 was around 1.1 for 6/7 cell lines and around 1.3 for the HeLasubclone. Similar cell cycle distributions and 53BP1-foci numbers were found comparing FLASH to CONV. Conclusion We have found a FLASH effect appearing at low doses under normoxic conditions for several cell lines in vitro. The magnitude of the FLASH effect differed between the cell lines, suggesting inherited biological susceptibilities for FLASH irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Adrian
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elise Konradsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sarah Beyer
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Wittrup
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl T Butterworth
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mihaela Ghita
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Kristoffer Petersson
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Crister Ceberg
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Zaryouh H, De Pauw I, Baysal H, Peeters M, Vermorken JB, Lardon F, Wouters A. Recent insights in the PI3K/Akt pathway as a promising therapeutic target in combination with EGFR-targeting agents to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:112-155. [PMID: 33928670 DOI: 10.1002/med.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to therapies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), such as cetuximab, remains a major roadblock in the search for effective therapeutic strategies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Due to its close interaction with the EGFR pathway, redundant or compensatory activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway has been proposed as a major driver of resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Understanding the role of each of the main proteins involved in this pathway is utterly important to develop rational combination strategies able to circumvent resistance. Therefore, the current work reviewed the role of PI3K/Akt pathway proteins, including Ras, PI3K, tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensing homolog, Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin in resistance to anti-EGFR treatment in HNSCC. In addition, we summarize PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors that are currently under (pre)clinical investigation with focus on overcoming resistance to EGFR inhibitors. In conclusion, genomic alterations in and/or overexpression of one or more of these proteins are common in both human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC tumors. Therefore, downstream effectors of the PI3K/Akt pathway serve as promising drug targets in the search for novel therapeutic strategies that are able to overcome resistance to anti-EGFR treatment. Co-targeting EGFR and the PI3K/Akt pathway can lead to synergistic drug interactions, possibly restoring sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors and hereby improving clinical efficacy. Better understanding of the predictive value of PI3K/Akt pathway alterations is needed to allow the identification of patient populations that might benefit most from these combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Zaryouh
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ines De Pauw
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hasan Baysal
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Baptist Vermorken
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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4
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de Kort WWB, Spelier S, Devriese LA, van Es RJJ, Willems SM. Predictive Value of EGFR-PI3K-AKT-mTOR-Pathway Inhibitor Biomarkers for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:123-136. [PMID: 33686517 PMCID: PMC7956931 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding molecular pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) has considerably improved in the last decades. As a result, novel therapeutic strategies have evolved, amongst which are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies. With the exception of cetuximab, targeted therapies for HNSCC have not yet been introduced into clinical practice. One important aspect of new treatment regimes in clinical practice is presence of robust biomarkers predictive for therapy response. METHODS We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library. Articles were included if they investigated a biomarker for targeted therapy in the EGFR-PI3K-AKT-mTOR-pathway. RESULTS Of 83 included articles, 52 were preclinical and 33 were clinical studies (two studies contained both a preclinical and a clinical part). We classified EGFR pathway inhibitor types and investigated the type of biomarker (biomarker on epigenetic, DNA, mRNA or protein level). CONCLUSION Several EGFR-PI3K-AKT-mTOR-pathway inhibitor biomarkers have been researched for HNSCC but few of the investigated biomarkers have been adequately confirmed in clinical trials. A more systematic approach is needed to discover proper biomarkers as stratifying patients is essential to prevent unnecessary costs and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W B de Kort
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 885500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - S Spelier
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 885500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L A Devriese
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 885500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R J J van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 885500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 885500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 885500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Forslund O, Sugiyama N, Wu C, Ravi N, Jin Y, Swoboda S, Andersson F, Bzhalava D, Hultin E, Paulsson K, Dillner J, Schwartz S, Wennerberg J, Ekblad L. A novel human in vitro papillomavirus type 16 positive tonsil cancer cell line with high sensitivity to radiation and cisplatin. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:265. [PMID: 30909875 PMCID: PMC6434888 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an established risk factor for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim was to establish cell lines from HPV-positive tonsil carcinomas to be used for treatment development. Methods Fresh samples from 23 HPV-positive tonsil carcinomas were cultivated in vitro. The established cell line was analyzed for viral characteristics, cell karyotype, TP53 status, and growth capabilities in nude mice. In vitro studies of sensitivities to radiation, cisplatin and cetuximab were performed. Results After 19 months (eight passages), one cell line, LU-HNSCC-26, was established in vitro and also grew as xenografts. The tumor was from a 48 year old non-smoking man with non-keratinizing, p16 positive tonsil OSCC, stage T2N0M0 with HPV16. It contained 19.5 (CV% 3.7) HPV16 copies/cell (passage 8). The complete HPV16 genome sequence was obtained. Episomal HPV16 was present with an E2/E7 ratio of 1.1 (CV% 2.6). In addition, HPV16 mRNA specific for the intact E2 gene was detected. The viral expression manifested 1.0 (CV% 0.1) E7 mRNA copies per HPV16 genome. The karyotype was determined and the cell line demonstrated wild type TP53. The ID50 for radiation was 0.90 Gy and the IC50 for cisplatin was 0.99 μmol/L. The cell line was inhibited to a maximum of 18% by cetuximab. Conclusions We established an in vitro tonsil carcinoma cell line containing episomal HPV16. This is an important step towards efficient treatment development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5469-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Forslund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Skane Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Natsuki Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Barngatan 4, SE-222 25, Lund, Sweden
| | - Chengjun Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Skane Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Naveen Ravi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yuesheng Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabine Swoboda
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oto-rhino-laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Andersson
- Department of Pathology, Regional Laboratories Region Skane, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Davit Bzhalava
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilie Hultin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Paulsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Schwartz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Skane Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Wennerberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oto-rhino-laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Ekblad
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Barngatan 4, SE-222 25, Lund, Sweden.
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Almagthali AG, Alkhaldi EH, Alzahrani AS, Alghamdi AK, Alghamdi WY, Kabel AM. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: Anti-diabetic drugs with potential effects on cancer. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:36-39. [PMID: 30641726 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP- 4) inhibitors belong to the oral antidiabetic drugs. They are used for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. DPP-4 is an enzyme which puts down the action of hormone, incretin. Incretins belong to the group of hypoglycaemic gastrointestinal hormones. Some studies show that DPP-4 inhibitors causes cancer and some study show that they have anticancer property. This review sheds light on the role of the different types of DPP-4 inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman H Alkhaldi
- Pharm D, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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7
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Tao L, Huang G, Song H, Chen Y, Chen L. Cancer associated fibroblasts: An essential role in the tumor microenvironment. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2611-2620. [PMID: 28927027 PMCID: PMC5588104 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts in the tumor stroma are well recognized as having an indispensable role in carcinogenesis, including in the initiation of epithelial tumor formation. The association between cancer cells and fibroblasts has been highlighted in several previous studies. Regulation factors released from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) into the tumor microenvironment have essential roles, including the support of tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and therapy resistance. A mutual interaction between tumor-induced fibroblast activation, and fibroblast-induced tumor proliferation and metastasis occurs, thus CAFs act as tumor supporters. Previous studies have reported that by developing fibroblast-targeting drugs, it may be possible to interrupt the interaction between fibroblasts and the tumor, thus resulting in the suppression of tumor growth, and metastasis. The present review focused on the reciprocal feedback loop between fibroblasts and cancer cells, and evaluated the potential application of anti-CAF agents in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Guichun Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Haizhu Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yitian Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Longbang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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van Dijk LK, Boerman OC, Kaanders JHAM, Bussink J. Epidermal growth factor receptor imaging in human head and neck cancer xenografts. Acta Oncol 2015; 54:1263-7. [PMID: 26248024 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2015.1063778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging of specific biomarkers can have prognostic, predictive or monitoring value in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in various radiation resistance mechanisms as it steers the pathways related to DNA damage repair, proliferation, hypoxia and apoptosis. Radiolabeled labeled F(ab')2 fragments of the EGFR antibody cetuximab can be applied for non-invasive imaging of this receptor. Preclinical studies have shown that radioresistant tumors had a higher tracer uptake after irradiation, probably due to upregulation of membranous EGFR, thereby increasing target availability possibly as a compensation mechanism. Tumors with increased EGFR availability were also more responsive to the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab. Potentially, radionuclide imaging of the EGFR can be applied for monitoring treatment regimens in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K van Dijk
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
- b Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- b Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H A M Kaanders
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bussink
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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9
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Ekblad L, Welinder C, Kjellén E, Brun E, Wennerberg J. Anti- or pro-proliferation – Conditional options for TGF-α and cetuximab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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van Dijk LK, Boerman OC, Franssen GM, Kaanders JHAM, Bussink J. 111In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 SPECT and 18F-FDG PET for prediction and response monitoring of combined-modality treatment of human head and neck carcinomas in a mouse model. J Nucl Med 2014; 56:287-92. [PMID: 25552666 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.148296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas with radiotherapy and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor cetuximab shows an improved response in a subgroup of patients. The aim of this study was to noninvasively monitor treatment response by visualizing systemically accessible EGFR with (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 while simultaneously evaluating tumor metabolism with (18)F-FDG PET during combined-modality treatment. METHODS Eighty mice with patient-derived head and neck squamous cell carcinomas xenografts, SCCNij202 or SCCNij185, were imaged with SPECT/CT using (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 (5 μg, 28 ± 6.1 MBq, 24 h after injection), followed by PET imaging with (18)F-FDG (9.4 ± 2.9 MBq, 1 h after injection). Scans were acquired on mice 10 d before treatment with either single-dose irradiation (10 Gy), cetuximab alone, or cetuximab-plus-irradiation combined or on untreated control mice. Scans were repeated 18 d after treatment. Tumor growth was monitored up to 120 d after treatment. EGFR expression was evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS SCCNij202 responded to combined treatment (P < 0.01) and cetuximab treatment alone (P < 0.05) but not to irradiation alone (P = 0.13). SCCNij185 responded to combined treatment (P < 0.05) and irradiation (P < 0.05) but not to cetuximab treatment alone (P = 0.34). (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 uptake (tumor-to-liver ratio, scan 2 - scan 1) predicted response to therapy. A positive response to treatment significantly correlated with a reduced tracer uptake in the tumor in the second SPECT scan, compared with the first scan (P < 0.005 and <0.05 for SCCNij202 and SCCNij185, respectively). Resistance to therapy was characterized by a significantly increased (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 tumor uptake; tumor-to-liver ratio was 2.2 ± 0.6 to 3.5 ± 1.2, P < 0.01, for (irradiated) SCCNij202 and 1.4 ± 0.4 to 2.0 ± 0.3, P < 0.05, for (cetuximab-treated) SCCNij185, respectively. (18)F-FDG PET tumor uptake (maximum standardized uptake value, scan 2 - scan 1) correlated with tumor response for SCCNij202 (P < 0.01) but not for SCCNij185 (P = 0.66). EGFR fractions were significantly different: 0.9 ± 0.1 (SCCNij202) and 0.5 ± 0.1 (SCCNij185) (P < 0.001). The EGFR fraction was significantly lower for irradiated SCCNij202 tumors than for controls (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 predicted and monitored the effects of EGFR inhibition or irradiation during treatment in both head and neck carcinoma models investigated, whereas (18)F-FDG PET only correlated with tumor response in the SCCNij202 model. Thus, the additional value of the (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 tracer is emphasized and the tracer can aid in evaluating future treatments with EGFR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K van Dijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben M Franssen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H A M Kaanders
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Johan Bussink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
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11
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Hah JH, Zhao M, Pickering CR, Frederick MJ, Andrews GA, Jasser SA, Fooshee DR, Milas ZL, Galer C, Sano D, William WN, Kim E, Heymach J, Byers LA, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Myers JN. HRAS mutations and resistance to the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Head Neck 2014; 36:1547-54. [PMID: 24123531 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify mechanisms of innate resistance to an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib, in a panel of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. Specifically, we analyzed the role of HRAS mutations in erlotinib resistance. METHODS Erlotinib sensitivity was determined by methyl thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assays. Molecular signaling pathways and somatic mutations were examined. Changes in sensitivity after modulation of HRAS expression were evaluated. RESULTS All 7 cell lines were wild-type for EGFR and KRAS regardless of erlotinib sensitivity; however, 1 erlotinib-resistant cell line (HN31) harbored an HRAS G12D mutation. Downregulation of HRAS expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in HN31 led to increased erlotinib sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Transfection of activating HRAS-mutant (G12D and G12V) constructs into erlotinib-sensitive cell lines made them more resistant to erlotinib. CONCLUSION Activating HRAS mutations can confer erlotinib resistance in an HRAS mutant HNSCC cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hun Hah
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Boeckx C, Baay M, Wouters A, Specenier P, Vermorken JB, Peeters M, Lardon F. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: focus on potential molecular mechanisms of drug resistance. Oncologist 2013; 18:850-64. [PMID: 23821327 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most promising molecular therapeutics for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). EGFR is overexpressed in a wide range of malignancies, including HNSCC, and initiates important signal transduction pathways in HNSCC carcinogenesis. However, primary and acquired resistance are serious problems and are responsible for low single-agent response rate and tumor recurrence. Therefore, an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of resistance to EGFR inhibitors may provide valuable indications to identify biomarkers that can be used clinically to predict response to EGFR blockade and to establish new treatment options to overcome resistance. To date, no predictive biomarker for HNSCC is available in the clinic. Therapeutic resistance to anti-EGFR therapy may arise from mechanisms that can compensate for reduced EGFR signaling and/or mechanisms that can modulate EGFR-dependent signaling. In this review, we will summarize some of these molecular mechanisms and describe strategies to overcome that resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Boeckx
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Ekblad L, Lindgren G, Persson E, Kjellén E, Wennerberg J. Cell-line-specific stimulation of tumor cell aggressiveness by wound healing factors - a central role for STAT3. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:33. [PMID: 23351302 PMCID: PMC3585883 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Local recurrence is a major factor affecting survival after treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is possible that the normal processes involved in wound healing after surgical removal of a primary tumor can boost the regrowth of residual cancer cells, thereby contributing to the recurrent growth. In this work, we collected human wound fluids and used them to investigate the effect of wound healing factors on HNSCC cell lines in vitro. Methods Wound fluids were collected from thyroidectomized patients diagnosed with benign disease and were included in assays of cell proliferation, migration, cell scattering, and invasion. The involvement of intracellular signaling pathways and membrane receptors were investigated by western blotting and the inclusion of specific inhibitors. Results One out of four cell lines was greatly stimulated in proliferation, migration, cell scattering, and invasion by the addition of wound fluid as compared with addition of fetal bovine or human serum. These effects were accompanied by a sharp increase in activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Inhibition of STAT3 activation abolished the wound fluid response, showing that STAT3 plays an important role in the wound healing response. Several of the observed phenotypic changes were epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like, but the appropriate changes were not seen in any of the EMT markers investigated. The involvement of c-Met or epidermal growth factor receptor family members was excluded, while the interleukin-6 receptor was found to be partly responsible for the activation of STAT3. Conclusions In conclusion, we found cell-line-specific effects of wound healing factors on HNSCC, setting the stage for therapy development and predictive opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ekblad
- Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Stegeman H, Kaanders JH, Wheeler DL, van der Kogel AJ, Verheijen MM, Waaijer SJ, Iida M, Grénman R, Span PN, Bussink J. Activation of AKT by hypoxia: a potential target for hypoxic tumors of the head and neck. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:463. [PMID: 23046567 PMCID: PMC3517352 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a minority of cancer patients benefits from the combination of EGFR-inhibition and radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A potential resistance mechanism is activation of EGFR and/or downstream pathways by stimuli in the microenvironment. The aim of this study was to find molecular targets induced by the microenvironment by determining the in vitro and in vivo expression of proteins of the EGFR-signaling network in 6 HNSCC lines. As hypoxia is an important microenvironmental parameter associated with poor outcome in solid tumors after radiotherapy, we investigated the relationship with hypoxia in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Six human HNSCC cell lines were both cultured as cell lines (in vitro) and grown as xenograft tumors (in vivo). Expression levels were determined via western blot analysis and localization of markers was assessed via immunofluorescent staining. To determine the effect of hypoxia and pAKT-inhibition on cell survival, cells were incubated at 0.5% O(2) and treated with MK-2206. RESULTS We observed strong in vitro-in vivo correlations for EGFR, pEGFR and HER2 (rs = 0.77, p = 0.10, rs = 0.89, p = 0.03) and rs = 0.93, p = 0.02, respectively), but not for pAKT, pERK1/2 or pSTAT3 (all r(s)<0.55 and p>0.30). In vivo, pAKT expression was present in hypoxic cells and pAKT and hypoxia were significantly correlated (rs = 0.51, p = 0.04). We confirmed in vitro that hypoxia induces activation of AKT. Further, pAKT-inhibition via MK-2206 caused a significant decrease in survival in hypoxic cells (p<0.01), but not in normoxic cells. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that (p)EGFR and HER2 expression is mostly determined by intrinsic features of the tumor cell, while the activation of downstream kinases is highly influenced by the tumor microenvironment. We show that hypoxia induces activation of AKT both in vitro and in vivo, and that hypoxic cells can be specifically targeted by pAKT-inhibition. Targeting pAKT is thus a potential way to overcome therapy resistance induced by hypoxia and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke Stegeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Sen M, Joyce S, Panahandeh M, Li C, Thomas SM, Maxwell J, Wang L, Gooding WE, Johnson DE, Grandis JR. Targeting Stat3 abrogates EGFR inhibitor resistance in cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4986-96. [PMID: 22825581 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE EGF receptor (EGFR) is upregulated in most epithelial cancers where signaling through EGFR contributes to cancer cell proliferation and survival. The limited clinical efficacy of EGFR inhibitors suggests that identification of resistance mechanisms may identify new pathways for therapeutic targeting. STAT3 is upregulated in many cancers and activated via both EGFR-dependent and -independent pathways. In the present study, we tested the consequences of STAT3 inhibition in EGFR inhibitor-resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and bladder cancer models to determine whether STAT3 blockade can enhance responses to EGFR targeting. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN pSTAT3 expression was assessed in human HNSCC tumors that recurred following cetuximab treatment. Cetuximab-sensitive and -resistant cell lines were treated with a STAT3 decoy to determine EC(50) concentrations and the effects on STAT3 target gene expression by Western blotting. In vivo assays included evaluation of antitumor efficacy of STAT3 decoy in cetuximab-sensitive and -resistant models followed by immunoblotting for STAT3 target protein expression. RESULTS Targeting STAT3 with a STAT3 decoy reduced cellular viability and the expression of STAT3 target genes in EGFR inhibitor resistance models. The addition of a STAT3 inhibitor to EGFR blocking strategies significantly enhanced antitumor effects in vivo. Biopsies from HNSCC tumors that recurred following cetuximab treatment showed increased STAT3 activation compared with pretreatment biopsies. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that STAT3 activation contributes to EGFR inhibitor resistance both in HNSCC and bladder cancer where concomitant targeting of STAT3 may represent an effective treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malabika Sen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Kimbung S, Biskup E, Johansson I, Aaltonen K, Ottosson-Wadlund A, Gruvberger-Saal S, Cunliffe H, Fadeel B, Loman N, Berglund P, Hedenfalk I. Co-targeting of the PI3K pathway improves the response of BRCA1 deficient breast cancer cells to PARP1 inhibition. Cancer Lett 2012; 319:232-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Jedlinski A, Ansell A, Johansson AC, Roberg K. EGFR status and EGFR ligand expression influence the treatment response of head and neck cancer cell lines. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 42:26-36. [PMID: 22643066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination treatment (chemoradiotherapy) is the standard treatment for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, treatment resistance and local recurrence are significant problems. A high level of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been associated with a more aggressive phenotype as well as decreased responsiveness to radio- or chemotherapy. We examined the role of EGFR status and EGFR ligand expression for the treatment response. METHODS Intrinsic sensitivity to radiotherapy, cisplatin, and cetuximab treatments was investigated in 25 HNSCC cell lines. EGFR gene copy number, mRNA and protein expression, EGFR and Akt phosphorylation status, and mRNA expression of the EGFR ligands were analyzed using quantitative PCR and ELISA and assessed for their impact on treatment sensitivity. RESULTS Different treatment modalities yielded great diversity in outcome; of note, cetuximab treatment stimulated growth in one cell line. When treatments were combined primarily additive effects were observed. While radioresistance tended to be associated with a high level of phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR; P = 0.09), cetuximab-resistant cells had low levels of pEGFR (P = 0.13). The three most cetuximab-sensitive cell lines had high EGFR gene copy numbers. Furthermore, cetuximab treatment response was significantly correlated with epiregulin mRNA expression (r = -0.408, P = 0.043). Cisplatin-resistant tumor cells expressed significantly lower levels of EGFR protein (P = 0.04) compared to cisplatin-sensitive cells and tended to have lower levels of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt; P = 0.13) and lower expression levels of amphiregulin (P = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS Epidermal growth factor receptor status and ligand expression influence the treatment sensitivity of HNSCC cells and may be useful as predictive markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jedlinski
- Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery, Linköping University Hospital, UHL, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
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Kjellström J, Oredsson SM, Wennerberg J. Increased toxicity of a trinuclear Pt-compound in a human squamous carcinoma cell line by polyamine depletion. Cancer Cell Int 2012; 12:20. [PMID: 22640800 PMCID: PMC3487936 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mononuclear platinum anticancer agents hold a pivotal place in the treatment of many forms of cancers, however, there is a potential to improve response to evade resistance development and toxic side effects. BBR3464 is a promising trinuclear platinum anticancer agent, which is a polyamine mimic. The aim was to investigate the influence of polyamine pool reduction on the cytotoxic effects of the trinuclear platinum complex BBR3464 and cisplatin. Polyamine pool reduction was achieved by treating cells with either the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) or the polyamine analogue N1,N11-diethylnorspermine (DENSPM). METHODS A human squamous cell carcinoma cell line, LU-HNSCC-4, established from a primary head and neck tumour was used to evaluate cellular effects of each drug alone or combinations thereof. High-performance liquid-chromatography was used to quantify intracellular polyamine contents. Inductively coupled mass spectroscopy was used to quantify intracellular platinum uptake. Cells were exposed to DFMO or DENSPM during 48 h at concentrations ranging from 0 to 5 mM or 0 to 10 μM, respectively. Thereafter, non-treated and treated cells were exposed to cisplatin or BBR3464 during 1 h at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 μM. A 96-well assay was used to determine cytotoxicity after five days after treatment. RESULTS The cytotoxic effect of BBR3464 on LU-HNSCC-4 cells was increased after cells were pre-treated with DENSPM or DFMO, and the interaction was found to be synergistic. In contrast, the interaction between cisplatin and DFMO or DENSPM was near-additive to antagonistic. The intracellular levels of the polyamines putrescine and spermidine were decreased after treatment with DFMO, and treatment with DENSPM resulted in an increase in putrescine level and concomitant decrease in spermidine and spermine levels. The uptake of BBR3464 was significantly increased after pre-treatment of the cells with DFMO, and varied dependent on the concentration of DENSPM. The uptake of cisplatin was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results demonstrate that combinations of polyamine synthesis inhibitors with BBR3464 appear to be a promising approach to enhance the anticancer activity against HSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Kjellström
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, S-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
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Autocrine epidermal growth factor receptor ligand production and cetuximab response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 138:491-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chen J, Huang XF, Katsifis A. Activation of signal pathways and the resistance to anti-EGFR treatment in colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:1082-6. [PMID: 21053280 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. It is caused by alterations of multiple signal pathways which are affected by both genetic and environmental factors. In some cases, EGFR is important in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer suggesting anti-EGFR therapy may be a potential treatment option. However, in other cases it is not effective, which may be related to its down-stream targeted gene mutations. KRAS is highly emphasized in the literature but other mutations like Src, PIK3CA, and BRAF may also be important. Furthermore, obesity may decrease the effectiveness of anti-EGFR treatment as it increases the risk factors for colorectal cancer. Using next-generation sequencing technology, it may be possible to identify all gene mutations in an individual with colorectal cancer. Therefore, gene mutations affecting anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer patients can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhong Chen
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, NSW 2522, Australia.
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Welinder C, Ekblad L. Coomassie Staining as Loading Control in Western Blot Analysis. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:1416-9. [DOI: 10.1021/pr1011476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Ekblad
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
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Miyoshi N, Ishii H, Mimori K, Nishida N, Tokuoka M, Akita H, Sekimoto M, Doki Y, Mori M. Abnormal expression of PFDN4 in colorectal cancer: a novel marker for prognosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:3030-6. [PMID: 20552408 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prefoldin 4 (PFDN4) is a transcriptional factor that regulates the cell cycle. PFDN4 is upregulated in breast tumor and breast cancer cell lines, but its significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not fully understood. METHODS The present study assessed 129 patients who underwent surgery for CRC and assessed three cell lines derived from human CRC. The correlation of gene expression with clinical parameters in patients was assessed by knockdown experiments with these cell lines. RESULTS Patients with high PFDN4 expression had a statistically relatively better prognosis, and those with low PFDN4 expression showed poorer overall survival than those with high expression. The assessment of PFDN4 knockdown in the three cell lines demonstrated that the siRNA inhibition resulted in a statistically significant increase in cell growth and invasiveness. CONCLUSIONS The data strongly suggest that PFDN4 expression is a prognostic factor in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikatsu Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 18:134-45. [PMID: 20234215 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e3283383ef9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Miyoshi N, Ishii H, Mimori K, Sekimoto M, Doki Y, Mori M. SCRN1 is a novel marker for prognosis in colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2010; 101:156-9. [PMID: 20039278 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Secernin 1 (SCRN1) is a member of the secernin family and is reported to be a tumor-associated antigen. Previous reports show that SCRN1 is upregulated in gastric cancer cell lines and may be a novel immunotherapy target, whereas its significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not fully understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study comprised 54 patients who underwent surgery for CRC, as well as two cell lines derived from human CRC. We assessed the correlation of gene expression with clinical parameters in the CRC patients, and knockdown was evaluated in the cell lines. RESULTS Thirty of the 54 (55.5%) cases exhibited a higher expression of the SCRN1 gene in cancerous regions than marginal non-cancerous regions. Patients with high SCRN1 expression were statistically susceptible to a poor prognosis and showed poorer disease-free survival than those with low expression. SCRN1 knockdown in the two cell lines demonstrated that the siRNA inhibition resulted in a statistically significant reduction in cell growth. CONCLUSION The present data strongly suggest that SCRN1 expression is a prognostic factor in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikatsu Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Effect of cetuximab treatment in squamous cell carcinomas. Tumour Biol 2010; 31:141-7. [PMID: 20358427 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the monoclonal antibody cetuximab in a panel of cultured squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. This antibody, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is emerging as a promising agent for treatment of several cancers. As this antibody comes into clinical use, the identification of predictive markers of therapeutic benefit remains a pressing issue. Cells were first characterized according to EGFR expression, cell doubling time, and BRAF and K-ras mutations. The effects of cetuximab on cell-cycle distribution, proliferation, as well as cell growth rate were then evaluated. Cetuximab decreased cell proliferation in three out of four cell lines in a time-dependent manner, and all cell lines were found to exhibit wild type K-ras and BRAF genes. A possible correlation between EGFR expression and cetuximab effect on growth inhibition rate was observed, whereas reduction of cell doubling time seemed to be more dependent on initial growth rate. In addition, other factors may further influence the long-term treatment response of cetuximab. Moreover, the time-dependent manner of cetuximab response demonstrates the importance of long-term measurements for this substance.
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Miyoshi N, Ishii H, Mimori K, Takatsuno Y, Kim H, Hirose H, Sekimoto M, Doki Y, Mori M. Abnormal expression of TRIB3 in colorectal cancer: a novel marker for prognosis. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:1664-70. [PMID: 19904274 PMCID: PMC2778541 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TRIB3 is a human homologue of Drosophila tribbles. Previous studies have shown that TRIB3 controls the cell growth through ubiquitination-dependent degradation of other proteins, whereas its significance in the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is not yet fully understood. MATERIALS This study comprised 202 patients who underwent surgery for CRC, as well as 22 cell lines derived from human gastrointestinal cancer. The correlation of gene expression with clinical parameters in patients was assessed. The biological significance was evaluated by knockdown experiments in seven colorectal cancer cell lines. RESULTS A total of 20 cancer cell lines (90.9%) expressed the TRIB3 gene. The assessment in surgical specimens indicated that the gene expression was significantly higher in the cancerous region than in the marginal non-cancerous region. Patients with high TRIB3 expression were statistically susceptible to a recurrence of the disease, and showed poorer overall survival than those with low expression. The assessment of TRIB3 knockdown in five cell lines showed that small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibition resulted in a statistically significant reduction in cell growth. CONCLUSION These data strongly suggest the usefulness of TRIB3 as a marker for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients, showing a basis for the development of effective treatments for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Wu B, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Zhang X, Kong Z, Cheng S. Gene expression profiles in liver of mouse after chronic exposure to drinking water. J Appl Toxicol 2009; 29:569-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tsui IFL, Poh CF, Garnis C, Rosin MP, Zhang L, Lam WL. Multiple pathways in the FGF signaling network are frequently deregulated by gene amplification in oral dysplasias. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:2219-28. [PMID: 19623652 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alteration in oral premalignant lesions (OPLs), the precursors of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), may represent key changes in disease initiation and development. We ask if DNA amplification occurs at this early stage of cancer development and which oncogenic pathways are disrupted in OPLs. Here, we evaluated 50 high-grade dysplasias and low-grade dysplasias that later progressed to cancer for gene dosage aberrations using tiling-path DNA microarrays. Early occurrences of DNA amplification and homozygous deletion were frequently detected, with 40% (20/50) of these early lesions exhibiting such features. Expression for 88 genes in 7 recurrent amplicons were evaluated in 5 independent head and neck cancer datasets, with 40 candidates found to be overexpressed relative to normal tissues. These genes were significantly enriched in the canonical ERK/MAPK, FGF, p53, PTEN and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways (p = 8.95 x 10(-3) to 3.18 x 10(-2)). These identified pathways share interactions in one signaling network, and amplification-mediated deregulation of this network was found in 30.0% of these preinvasive lesions. No such alterations were found in 14 low-grade dysplasias that did not progress, whereas 43.5% (10/23) of OSCCs were found to have altered genes within the pathways with DNA amplification. Multitarget FISH showed that amplification of EGFR and CCND1 can coexist in single cells of an oral dysplasia, suggesting the dependence on multiple oncogenes for OPL progression. Taken together, these findings identify a critical biological network that is frequently disrupted in high-risk OPLs, with different specific genes disrupted in different individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy F L Tsui
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Developmental Biology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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