Expression and regulation of CacyBP/SIP in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell balances of cell proliferation with apoptosis

The multifaceted interactions between Newcastle disease virus proteins and host proteins: a systematic review

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) typically induces severe illness in poultry and results in significant economic losses for the worldwide poultry sector. NDV, an RNA virus with a single-stranded negative-sense genome, is susceptible to mutation and immune evasion during viral transmission, thus imposing enormous challenges to avian health and poultry production. NDV is composed of six structural proteins and two nonstructural proteins that exert pivotal roles in viral infection and antiviral responses by interacting with host proteins. Nowadays, there is a particular focus on the mechanisms of virus-host protein interactions in NDV research, yet a comprehensive overview of such research is still lacking. Herein, we briefly summarize the mechanisms regarding the effects of virus-host protein interaction on viral infection, pathogenesis, and host immune responses. This review can not only enhance the present comprehension of the mechanism underlying NDV and host interplay, but also furnish a point of reference for the advancement of antiviral measures.

CacyBP promotes the development of lung adenocarcinoma by regulating OTUD5

Lung cancer is the most common and lethal malignancy, with lung adenocarcinoma accounting for approximately 40% of all cases. Despite some progress in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease and developing new therapeutic approaches, the current treatments for lung adenocarcinoma remain ineffective due to factors such as high tumour heterogeneity and drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets. Calcyclin-binding protein (CacyBP) can regulate a variety of physiological processes by binding to different proteins, but its function in lung adenocarcinoma is unknown. Here, we show that CacyBP is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and high CacyBP expression correlates with poorer patient survival. Moreover, overexpression of CacyBP promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Further mechanistic studies revealed that CacyBP interacts with the tumour suppressor ovarian tumour (OTU) deubiquitinase 5 (OTUD5), enhances the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of OTUD5 and regulates tumourigenesis via OTUD5. In conclusion, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which CacyBP promotes tumourigenesis by increasing the ubiquitination level and proteasome-dependent degradation of OTUD5, providing a potential target for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.

Protective effects of calcyclin-binding protein against pulmonary vascular remodeling in flow-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension

BACKGROUND

Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (CHD-PAH) is recognized as a cancer-like disease with a proliferative and pro-migratory phenotype in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Calcyclin-binding protein/Siah-1-interacting protein (CacyBP/SIP) has been implicated in the progression of various cancers; however, it has not been previously studied in the context of CHD-PAH. Here, we aimed to examine the function of CacyBP/SIP in CHD-PAH and explore its potential as a novel regulatory target for the disease.

METHODS

The expression of CacyBP/SIP in PASMCs was evaluated both in the pulmonary arterioles of patients with CHD-PAH and in high-flow-induced PAH rats. The effects of CacyBP/SIP on pulmonary vascular remodeling and PASMC phenotypic switch, proliferation, and migration were investigated. LY294002 (MedChemExpress, NJ, USA) was used to block the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway to explore changes in PASMC dysfunction induced by low CacyBP/SIP levels. Hemodynamics and pulmonary arterial remodeling were further explored in rats after short-interfering RNA-mediated decrease of CacyBP/SIP expression.

RESULTS

CacyBP/SIP expression was markedly reduced both in the remodeled pulmonary arterioles of patients with CHD-PAH and in high-flow-induced PAH rats. Low CacyBP/SIP expression promoted hPASMC phenotypic switch, proliferation, and migration via PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Our results indicated that CacyBP/SIP protected against pulmonary vascular remodeling through amelioration of hPASMC dysfunction in CHD-PAH. Moreover, after inhibition of CacyBP/SIP expression in vivo, we observed increased right ventricular hypertrophy index, poor hemodynamics, and severe vascular remodeling.

CONCLUSIONS

CacyBP/SIP regulates hPASMC dysfunction, and its increased expression may ameliorate progression of CHD-PAH.

Downregulation of CacyBP by CRISPR/dCas9-KRAB Prevents Bladder Cancer Progression

Bladder cancer (BCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. CacyBP is initially described as a binding partner of calcyclin and has been shown to be involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, protein ubiquitination, cytoskeletal dynamics and tumorigenesis. In the present study, we found that CacyBP expression was significantly upregulated in BCa tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, its expression was negatively correlated with overall survival time. Secondly, CacyBP had higher expressions in BCa cell lines than normal urothelial cells which was consistent with the results of BCa tissues. Finally, knockdown of CacyBP by CRIPSR-dCas9-KRAB in T24 and 5,637 BCa cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration by CCK-8 assay and scratch assay, and promoted apoptosis by caspase-3/ELISA. These data elucidate that CacyBP is an important oncogene contributing to malignant behavior of BCa and provide a potentially molecular target for treatment of BCa.

CacyBP/SIP promotes tumor progression by regulating apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle in osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in pediatric and adolescent patients. The calcyclin-binding protein/Siah-1-interacting protein (CacyBP/SIP) performs an essential function in cell proliferation and apoptosis. The present study investigated the effect of CacyBP/SIP in OS cell proliferation and apoptosis. CacyBP/SIP mRNA expression levels were evaluated in four OS cell lines by quantitative PCR. CacyBP/SIP expression was downregulated in Saos-2 cells using a lentivirus transfection system and the transfection efficiency was analyzed. The effects of CacyBP/SIP downregulation on Saos-2 cell proliferation and colony-formation ability were evaluated by MTT and colony-formation assays. The effect of CacyBP/SIP knockdown on Saos-2 cell cycle and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry cell sorting. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data was analyzed for validation. Human OS cell lines Saos-2, MG-63, HOS and U20S expressed CacyBP/SIP mRNA. CacyBP/SIP knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony-formation ability. G₁/S phase arrest was induced by CacyBP/SIP downregulation, which also resulted in the downregulation of CDK and cyclins and the upregulation of p21. In addition, CacyBP/SIP downregulation induced Saos-2 cell apoptosis mediated by Bax and Bcl-2. High expression of CacyBP/SIP was significantly associated with poor prognosis in TCGA sarcoma database. Thus, CacyBP/SIP performs important functions in the proliferation and apoptosis of human OS cells.

Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Inhibits Cell Apoptosis and Promotes Viral Replication by Targeting CacyBP/SIP

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been classified by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as a notable disease-causing virus, and this virus has the ability to infect a wide range of birds. V protein is a non-structural protein of NDV. V protein has been reported to inhibit cell apoptosis (Park et al., 2003a) and promote viral replication (Huang et al., 2003), however, the mechanisms of action of V protein have not been elucidated. In the present study, a yeast two-hybrid screen was performed, and V protein was found to interact with the CacyBP/SIP protein. The results of co-immunoprecipitation and immuno-colocalization assays confirmed the interaction between V protein and CacyBP/SIP. The results of quantitative-PCR and viral plaque assays showed that overexpression of CacyBP/SIP inhibited viral replication in DF-1 cells. Overexpression of CacyBP/SIP in DF-1 cells induced caspase3-dependent apoptosis. The effect of knocking down CacyBP/SIP by siRNA was the opposite of that observed upon overexpression. Moreover, it is known that NDV induces cell apoptosis via multiple caspase-dependent pathways. Furthermore, V protein inhibited cell apoptosis and downregulated CacyBP/SIP expression in DF-1 cells. Taken together, the findings of the current study indicate that V protein interacts with CacyBP/SIP, thereby regulating cell apoptosis and viral replication.

RNA-Seq Analysis of the Antioxidant Status and Immune Response of Portunus trituberculatus Following Aerial Exposure

Desiccation tolerance has been long considered as an important trait for the life survival under acute environmental stress. One of the biggest problems for modern commercial crab farming is desiccation during transportation; high mortality could occur following the aerial exposure. In this regard, here, we utilized RNA-seq-based transcriptome profiling to characterize the molecular responses of swimming crab in response to aerial exposure. In present study, following aerial exposure, the gill samples were sequenced at 0, 6, 12, and 18 h. And the sequenced reads were assembled into 274,594 contigs, with average length of 735.59 bp and N50 size of 1262 bp. After differential expression analysis, a total of 1572 genes were captured significantly differentially expressed, and were categorized into antioxidant/oxidative stress response, chaperones/heat shock proteins, immune alteration, cell proliferation/apoptosis, and cytoskeletal. Our analysis revealed the dramatic tissue oxidant stress and the alteration of the tissue epithelial integrity, especially many genes that have not been reported in crab species. With the limited functional information in crab, further studies are needed and underway in our lab to further characterize the key cellular actors governing the crab tolerance to aerial exposure. Taken together, our results provide molecular resources for further identification of key genes for desiccation tolerance, and to facilitate the molecular selection and breeding of desiccation tolerant strain and family.