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Rosli AA, Azlan A, Rajasegaran Y, Mot YY, Heidenreich O, Yusoff NM, Moses EJ. Cytogenetics analysis as the central point of genetic testing in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a laboratory perspective for clinical applications. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1137-1159. [PMID: 36229751 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have significantly contributed to scientific understanding of its molecular pathogenesis, which has aided in the development of therapeutic strategies and enhanced management of AML patients. The diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of AML have also rapidly transformed in recent years, improving initial response to treatment, remission rates, risk stratification and overall survival. Hundreds of rare chromosomal abnormalities in AML have been discovered thus far using chromosomal analysis and next-generation sequencing. As a result, the World Health Organization (WHO) has categorized AML into subgroups based on genetic, genomic and molecular characteristics, to complement the existing French-American classification which is solely based on morphology. In this review, we aim to highlight the most clinically relevant chromosomal aberrations in AML together with the technologies employed to detect these aberrations in laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa Arina Rosli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Adam Azlan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yaashini Rajasegaran
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yee Yik Mot
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Prinses Máxima Centrum Voor Kinderoncologie, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Narazah Mohd Yusoff
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Emmanuel Jairaj Moses
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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