1
|
Velásquez-Ortiz N, Herrera G, Hernández C, Muñoz M, Ramírez JD. Discrete typing units of Trypanosoma cruzi: Geographical and biological distribution in the Americas. Sci Data 2022; 9:360. [PMID: 35750679 PMCID: PMC9232490 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01452-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is a public health issue in Latin America. This highly diverse parasite is divided into at least seven discrete typing units (DTUs) TcI-TcVI and Tcbat. Some DTUs have been associated with geographical distribution in epidemiological scenarios and clinical manifestations, but these aspects remain poorly understood. Many studies have focused on studying the parasite and its vectors/hosts, using a wide variety of genetic markers and methods. Here, we performed a systematic review of the literature for the last 20 years to present an update of DTUs distribution in the Americas, collecting ecoepidemiological information. We found that the DTUs are widespread across the continent and that there is a whole gamma of genetic markers used for the identification and genotyping of the parasite. The data obtained in this descriptor could improve the molecular epidemiology studies of Chagas disease in endemic regions. Measurement(s) | Genotype | Technology Type(s) | Report from Literature |
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Velásquez-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Giovanny Herrera
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Innovaseq SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mule SN, Costa-Martins AG, Rosa-Fernandes L, de Oliveira GS, Rodrigues CMF, Quina D, Rosein GE, Teixeira MMG, Palmisano G. PhyloQuant approach provides insights into Trypanosoma cruzi evolution using a systems-wide mass spectrometry-based quantitative protein profile. Commun Biol 2021; 4:324. [PMID: 33707618 PMCID: PMC7952728 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiological agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, is a complex of seven genetic subdivisions termed discrete typing units (DTUs), TcI-TcVI and Tcbat. The relevance of T. cruzi genetic diversity to the variable clinical course of the disease, virulence, pathogenicity, drug resistance, transmission cycles and ecological distribution requires understanding the parasite origin and population structure. In this study, we introduce the PhyloQuant approach to infer the evolutionary relationships between organisms based on differential mass spectrometry-based quantitative features. In particular, large scale quantitative bottom-up proteomics features (MS1, iBAQ and LFQ) were analyzed using maximum parsimony, showing a correlation between T. cruzi DTUs and closely related trypanosomes' protein expression and sequence-based clustering. Character mapping enabled the identification of synapomorphies, herein the proteins and their respective expression profiles that differentiate T. cruzi DTUs and trypanosome species. The distance matrices based on phylogenetics and PhyloQuant clustering showed statistically significant correlation highlighting the complementarity between the two strategies. Moreover, PhyloQuant allows the identification of differentially regulated and strain/DTU/species-specific proteins, and has potential application in the identification of specific biomarkers and candidate therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ngao Mule
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Monadeli F Rodrigues
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Quina
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziella E Rosein
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
González L, García-Huertas P, Triana-Chávez O, García GA, Murta SMF, Mejía-Jaramillo AM. Aldo-keto reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase contribute to benznidazole natural resistance in Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Microbiol 2017; 106:704-718. [PMID: 28884498 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The improvement of Chagas disease treatment is focused not only on the development of new drugs but also in understanding mechanisms of action and resistance to drugs conventionally used. Thus, some strategies aim to detect specific changes in proteins between sensitive and resistant parasites and to evaluate the role played in these processes by functional genomics. In this work, we used a natural Trypanosoma cruzi population resistant to benznidazole, which has clones with different susceptibilities to this drug without alterations in the NTR I gene. Using 2DE-gel electrophoresis, the aldo-keto reductase and the alcohol dehydrogenase proteins were found up regulated in the natural resistant clone and therefore their possible role in the resistance to benznidazole and glyoxal was investigated. Both genes were overexpressed in a drug sensitive T. cruzi clone and the biological changes in response to these compounds were evaluated. The results showed that the overexpression of these proteins enhances resistance to benznidazole and glyoxal in T. cruzi. Moreover, a decrease in mitochondrial and cell membrane damage was observed, accompanied by a drop in the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species after treatment. Our results suggest that these proteins are involved in the mechanism of action of benznidazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura González
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas-BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Paola García-Huertas
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas-BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Omar Triana-Chávez
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas-BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriela Andrea García
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben"- ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ana M Mejía-Jaramillo
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas-BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Izeta-Alberdi A, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, Moo-Llanes DA, Ramsey JM. Geographical, landscape and host associations of Trypanosoma cruzi DTUs and lineages. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:631. [PMID: 27923409 PMCID: PMC5142175 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The evolutionary history and ecological associations of Trypanosoma cruzi, the need to identify genetic markers that can distinguish parasite subpopulations, and understanding the parasite’s evolutionary and selective processes have been the subject of a significant number of publications since 1998, the year when the first DNA sequence analysis for the species was published. Methods The current analysis systematizes and re-analyzes this original research, focusing on critical methodological and analytical variables and results that have given rise to interpretations of putative patterns of genetic diversity and diversification of T. cruzi lineages, discrete typing units (DTUs), and populations, and their associations with hosts, vectors, and geographical distribution that have been interpreted as evidence for parasite subpopulation specificities. Results Few studies use hypothesis-driven or quantitative analysis for T. cruzi phylogeny (16/58 studies) or phylogeography (10/13). Among these, only one phylogenetic and five phylogeographic studies analyzed molecular markers directly from tissues (i.e. not from isolates). Analysis of T. cruzi DTU or lineage niche and its geographical projection demonstrate extensive sympatry among all clades across the continent and no significant niche differences among DTUs. DTU beta-diversity was high, indicating diverse host assemblages across regions, while host dissimilarity was principally due to host species turnover and to a much lesser degree to nestedness. DTU-host order specificities appear related to trophic or microenvironmental interactions. Conclusions More rigorous study designs and analyses will be required to discern evolutionary processes and the impact of landscape modification on population dynamics and risk for T. cruzi transmission to humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1918-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos N Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav) Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - David A Moo-Llanes
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública (CRISP), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Janine M Ramsey
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública (CRISP), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gómez-Palacio A, Lopera J, Rojas W, Bedoya G, Cantillo-Barraza O, Marín-Suarez J, Triana-Chávez O, Mejía-Jaramillo A. Multilocus analysis indicates that Trypanosoma cruzi I genetic substructure associated with sylvatic and domestic cycles is not an attribute conserved throughout Colombia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 38:35-43. [PMID: 26631812 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, has been classified into six discrete typing units (DTUs) named TcI to TcVI. Furthermore, subcontinental scale studies based on analysis of the splice leader intergenic region (SL-IR) of the mini-exon gene have subdivided TcI in five genetic groups (Ia-Ie) related to the domestic and non-domestic cycles. However, a current review of this marker among all the sequences deposited in the GenBank demonstrates no correlation between the genetic structure and the eco-epidemiological features of parasite transmission. In this study, we performed a multilocus analysis of TcI isolates from a diverse array of hosts and vectors in a wide eco-geographical area of Colombia. Sequences from SL-IR and mitochondrial cyt b genes as well as PCR-RFLP profiles for four nuclear genes were analyzed. Multilocus analysis indicates that genetic structuration associated with sylvatic and domestic cycles in Colombia is not an attribute conserved across the entire eco-geography where TcI can be found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Gómez-Palacio
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Lopera
- Grupo de Genética Molecular, GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Winston Rojas
- Grupo de Genética Molecular, GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- Grupo de Genética Molecular, GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Omar Cantillo-Barraza
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Johana Marín-Suarez
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Omar Triana-Chávez
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana Mejía-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peterson JK, Graham AL, Dobson AP, Chávez OT. Rhodnius prolixus Life History Outcomes Differ when Infected with Different Trypanosoma cruzi I Strains. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93:564-72. [PMID: 26078316 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a parasite on the life history of its vector is important for understanding and predicting disease transmission. Chagas disease agent Trypanosoma cruzi is a generalist parasite that is diverse across scales from its genetic diversity to the 100s of mammal and vector species it infects. Its vertebrate hosts show quite variable responses to infection, however, to date there are no studies looking at how T. cruzi variability might result in variable outcomes in its invertebrate host. Therefore, we investigated the effect of different T. cruzi I strains on Rhodnius prolixus survival and development. We found significant variation between insects infected with different strains, with some strains having no effect, as compared with uninfected insects, and others with significantly lower survival and development. We also found that different variables had varying importance between strains, with the effect of time postinfection and the blood:weight ratio of the infective meal significantly affecting the survival of insects infected with some strains, but not others. Our results suggest that T. cruzi can be pathogenic not only to its vertebrate hosts but also to its invertebrate hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Peterson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; Grupo BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andrea L Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; Grupo BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andrew P Dobson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; Grupo BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Omar Triana Chávez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; Grupo BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alkmim-Oliveira SM, Kappel HB, Andrade CP, Prata A, Ramirez LE, Correia D, Lages-Silva E. High similarity of Trypanosoma cruzikDNA genetic profiles detected by LSSP-PCR within family groups in an endemic area of Chagas disease in Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014; 47:653-6. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0255-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
8
|
DÍAZ-BELLO Z, THOMAS MC, LÓPEZ MC, ZAVALA-JASPE R, NOYA O, DE NOYA BALARCÓN, ABATE T. Trypanosoma cruzi genotyping supports a common source of infection in a school-related oral outbreak of acute Chagas disease in Venezuela. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 142:156-62. [PMID: 23544849 PMCID: PMC9152613 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268813000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi I, a discrete typing unit (DTU) found in human infections in Venezuela and other countries of the northern region of South America and in Central America, has been recently classified into five intra-DTU genotypes (Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie) based on sequence polymorphisms found in the spliced leader intergenic region. In this paper we report the genotype identification of T. cruzi human isolates from one outbreak of acute orally acquired Chagas disease that occurred in a non-endemic region of Venezuela and from T. cruzi triatomine and rat isolates captured at a guava juice preparation site which was identified as the presumptive source of infection. The genotyping of all these isolates as TcId supports the view of a common source of infection in this oral Chagas disease outbreak through the ingestion of guava juice. Implications for clinical manifestations and dynamics of transmission cycles are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z. DÍAZ-BELLO
- Sección de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - M. C. THOMAS
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra – CSIC – Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, España
| | - M. C. LÓPEZ
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra – CSIC – Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, España
| | - R. ZAVALA-JASPE
- Sección de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - O. NOYA
- Sección de Biohelmintiasis, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Medicina Luis Razetti, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - B. ALARCÓN DE NOYA
- Sección de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Medicina Luis Razetti, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - T. ABATE
- Sección de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Segatto M, Rodrigues CM, Machado CR, Franco GR, Pena SDJ, Macedo AM. LSSP-PCR of Trypanosoma cruzi: how the single primer sequence affects the kDNA signature. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:174. [PMID: 23639061 PMCID: PMC3653686 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-stringency single specific primer PCR (LSSP-PCR) is a highly sensitive and discriminating technique that has been extensively used to genetically characterize Trypanosoma cruzi populations in the presence of large amounts of host DNA. To ensure high sensitivity, in most T. cruzi studies, the variable regions of the naturally amplified kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircles were targeted, and this method translated the intraspecific polymorphisms of these molecules into specific and reproducible kDNA signatures. Although the LSSP-PCR technique is reproducible under strict assay conditions, the complex banding pattern generated can be significantly altered by even a single-base change in the target DNA. Our survey of the literature identified eight different primers with similar, if not identical, names that have been used for kDNA amplification and LSSP-PCR of T. cruzi. Although different primer sequences were used in these studies, many of the authors cited the same reference report to justify their primer choice. We wondered whether these changes in the primer sequence could affect also the parasite LSSP-PCR profiles. Findings To answer this question we compared the kDNA signatures obtained from three different and extensively studied T. cruzi populations with the eight primers found in the literature. Our results clearly demonstrate that even minimal modifications in the oligonucleotide sequences, especially in the 3′ or 5′ end, can significantly change the kDNA signature of a T. cruzi strain. Conclusions These results highlight the necessity of careful preservation of primer nomenclature and sequence when reproducing an LSSP-PCR work to avoid confusion and allow comparison of results among different laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Segatto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
da Câmara ACJ, Lages-Silva E, Sampaio GHF, D’Ávila DA, Chiari E, Galvão LMDC. Homogeneity of Trypanosoma cruzi I, II, and III populations and the overlap of wild and domestic transmission cycles by Triatoma brasiliensis in northeastern Brazil. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:1543-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Zuriaga MÁ, Blandón-Naranjo M, Valerio-Campos I, Salas R, Zeledón R, Bargues MD. Molecular characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi and infection rate of the vector Triatoma dimidiata in Costa Rica. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:1615-20. [PMID: 22752700 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
According to the genetic characterization by the analysis of the miniexon gene, strains of Trypanosoma cruzi can be classified into six discrete typing units (DTUs), and the DTU 1 into four distinct genotypes associated with different life cycles. While Chagas disease is endemic in Costa Rica, T. cruzi isolates from this region have never been genetically characterized. An analysis of 16 isolates from Costa Rica, based on miniexon gene analysis, showed the existence of two different haplotypes in the country, closely related to the Colombian haplotype group TcIa and to sequences from several Mexican isolates, with eight variable positions in the alignment and a variability of 2.6% between the compared sequences. No relationship between the habitat, vector or host, and the haplotypes was found, suggesting an active flow of T. cruzi in the country. The present study also reports a very high infection rate (47.3%, 26 out of 55 specimens) in a Costa Rican population of Triatoma dimidiata, the main vector of Chagas disease in this country. The distribution and abundance of the parasite and its main vector suggest a high risk of Chagas disease emergence in Costa Rica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Zuriaga
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mejía-Jaramillo AM, Fernández GJ, Palacio L, Triana-Chávez O. Gene expression study using real-time PCR identifies an NTR gene as a major marker of resistance to benzonidazole in Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:169. [PMID: 21892937 PMCID: PMC3185274 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease is a neglected illness, with limited treatments, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Two drugs are prescribed to treat the disease, nifurtimox and benznidazole, which have been previously reported to have limited efficacy and the appearance of resistance by T. cruzi. Acquisition of drug-resistant phenotypes is a complex physiological process based on single or multiple changes of the genes involved, probably in its mechanisms of action. Results The differential genes expression of a sensitive Trypanosoma cruzi strain and its induced in vitro benznidazole-resistant phenotypes was studied. The stepwise increasing concentration of BZ in the parental strain generated five different resistant populations assessed by the IC50 ranging from 10.49 to 93.7 μM. The resistant populations maintained their phenotype when the BZ was depleted from the culture for many passages. Additionally, the benznidazole-resistant phenotypes presented a cross-resistance to nifurtimox but not to G418 sulfate. On the other hand, four of the five phenotypes resistant to different concentrations of drugs had different expression levels for the 12 genes evaluated by real-time PCR. However, in the most resistant phenotype (TcR5x), the levels of mRNA from these 12 genes and seven more were similar to the parental strain but not for NTR and OYE genes, which were down-regulated and over-expressed, respectively. The number of copies for these two genes was evaluated for the parental strain and the TcR5x phenotype, revealing that the NTR gene had lost a copy in this last phenotype. No changes were found in the enzyme activity of CPR and SOD in the most resistant population. Finally, there was no variability of genetic profiles among all the parasite populations evaluated by performing low-stringency single-specific primer PCR (LSSP-PCR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA RAPD techniques, indicating that no clonal selection or drastic genetic changes had occurred for the exposure to BZ. Conclusion Here, we propose NTR as the major marker of the appearance of resistance to BZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Mejía-Jaramillo
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas-BCEI-SIU, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guhl F, Ramírez JD. Trypanosoma cruzi I diversity: towards the need of genetic subdivision? Acta Trop 2011; 119:1-4. [PMID: 21510916 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi the aethiological agent of Chagas disease, a complex zoonoses that affects the American continent is a genetically variable parasite subdivided into six Discrete Typing Units (DTUs). T. cruzi I is the most prevalent DTU affecting the northern countries of America with sporadical cases in the southern countries. T. cruzi I has shown great genetic diversity showing plausible subdivisions needed for this group. Recently, TcI has gained novel importance because of the lately discovered relation with cardiomyopathy manifestations that raises the importance of establishing subdivisions within this DTU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Guhl
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, CIMPAT, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ramírez JD, Duque MC, Guhl F. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on Cytochrome b (Cytb) gene sequences reveals distinct genotypes within Colombian Trypanosoma cruzi I populations. Acta Trop 2011; 119:61-5. [PMID: 21524641 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi comprises an important problem of public health in the Americas. This parasite has been recently divided into six Discrete Typing Units (DTUs) due to its high genetic diversity. We sequenced the Cytochorme b (Cytb) gene of 70 T. cruzi I Colombian clones finding four genotypes related to transmission cycles of Chagas disease in Colombia and also to specific hosts of T. cruzi. The genotypes herein described based on Cytb gene sequences are in accordance with those found using the mini-exon gene and reveals once again the enormous genetic diversity at sub-DTU level evidenced in T. cruzi I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá Cra 1 No. 18A-20, Colombia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tomasini N, Lauthier JJ, Rumi MMM, Ragone PG, D’Amato AAA, Brandan CP, Cura CI, Schijman AG, Barnabé C, Tibayrenc M, Basombrío MA, Falla A, Herrera C, Guhl F, Diosque P. Interest and limitations of Spliced Leader Intergenic Region sequences for analyzing Trypanosoma cruzi I phylogenetic diversity in the Argentinean Chaco. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:300-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
González C, Ortiz S, Solari A. Colombian Trypanosoma cruzi major genotypes circulating in patients: Minicircle homologies by cross-hybridization analysis. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:1685-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Cura CI, Mejía-Jaramillo AM, Duffy T, Burgos JM, Rodriguero M, Cardinal MV, Kjos S, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Blanchet D, De Pablos LM, Tomasini N, da Silva A, Russomando G, Cuba CAC, Aznar C, Abate T, Levin MJ, Osuna A, Gürtler RE, Diosque P, Solari A, Triana-Chávez O, Schijman AG. Trypanosoma cruzi I genotypes in different geographical regions and transmission cycles based on a microsatellite motif of the intergenic spacer of spliced-leader genes. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:1599-607. [PMID: 20670628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The intergenic region of spliced-leader (SL-IR) genes from 105 Trypanosoma cruzi I (Tc I) infected biological samples, culture isolates and stocks from 11 endemic countries, from Argentina to the USA were characterised, allowing identification of 76 genotypes with 54 polymorphic sites from 123 aligned sequences. On the basis of the microsatellite motif proposed by Herrera et al. (2007) to define four haplotypes in Colombia, we could classify these genotypes into four distinct Tc I SL-IR groups, three corresponding to the former haplotypes Ia (11 genotypes), Ib (11 genotypes) and Id (35 genotypes); and one novel group, Ie (19 genotypes). Genotypes harbouring the Tc Ic motif were not detected in our study. Tc Ia was associated with domestic cycles in southern and northern South America and sylvatic cycles in Central and North America. Tc Ib was found in all transmission cycles from Colombia. Tc Id was identified in all transmission cycles from Argentina and Colombia, including Chagas cardiomyopathy patients, sylvatic Brazilian samples and human cases from French Guiana, Panama and Venezuela. Tc Ie gathered five samples from domestic Triatoma infestans from northern Argentina, nine samples from wild Mepraia spinolai and Mepraia gajardoi and two chagasic patients from Chile and one from a Bolivian patient with chagasic reactivation. Mixed infections by Tc Ia+Tc Id, Tc Ia+Tc Ie and Tc Id+Tc Ie were detected in vector faeces and isolates from human and vector samples. In addition, Tc Ia and Tc Id were identified in different tissues from a heart transplanted Chagas cardiomyopathy patient with reactivation, denoting histotropism. Trypanosoma cruzi I SL-IR genotypes from parasites infecting Triatoma gerstaeckeri and Didelphis virginiana from USA, T. infestans from Paraguay, Rhodnius nasutus and Rhodnius neglectus from Brazil and M. spinolai and M. gajardoi from Chile are to our knowledge described for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina I Cura
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, INGEBI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Characterization of spliced leader genes of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri: phylogeographical analysis of Brazilian isolates from cattle supports spatial clustering of genotypes and parity with ribosomal markers. Parasitology 2009; 137:111-22. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182009991053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYTrypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri from cattle and trypanosomes of other artiodactyls form a clade of closely related species in analyses using ribosomal sequences. Analysis of polymorphic sequences of a larger number of trypanosomes from broader geographical origins is required to evaluate the clustering of isolates as suggested by previous studies. Here, we determined the sequences of the spliced leader (SL) genes of 21 isolates from cattle and 2 from water buffalo from distant regions of Brazil. Analysis of SL gene repeats revealed that the 5S rRNA gene is inserted within the intergenic region. Phylogeographical patterns inferred using SL sequences showed at least 5 major genotypes of T. theileri distributed in 2 strongly divergent lineages. Lineage TthI comprises genotypes IA and IB from buffalo and cattle, respectively, from the Southeast and Central regions, whereas genotype IC is restricted to cattle from the Southern region. Lineage TthII includes cattle genotypes IIA, which is restricted to the North and Northeast, and IIB, found in the Centre, West, North and Northeast. PCR-RFLP of SL genes revealed valuable markers for genotyping T. theileri. The results of this study emphasize the genetic complexity and corroborate the geographical structuring of T. theileri genotypes found in cattle.
Collapse
|