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Iglesias AE, Fuentes G, Mitton G, Ramos F, Brasesco C, Manzo R, Orallo D, Gende L, Eguaras M, Ramirez C, Fanovich A, Maggi M. Hydrolats from Humulus lupulus and Their Potential Activity as an Organic Control for Varroa destructor. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3329. [PMID: 36501370 PMCID: PMC9736243 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Varroa destructor is a parasitic mite, which is considered a severe pest for honey bees causing serious losses to beekeeping. Residual hydrolats from steam extraction of hop essential oils, generally considered as a waste product, were tested for their potential use as acaricides on V. destructor. Four hop varieties, namely Cascade, Spalt, Victoria, and Mapuche, showed an interesting performance as feasible products to be used in the beekeeping industry. Some volatile oxidized terpenoids were found in the hydrolats, mainly β-caryophyllene oxide, β-linalool, and isogeraniol. These compounds, together with the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins, were probably responsible for the promissory LC50 values obtained for mites after hydrolat exposition. Victoria hydrolat was the most toxic for mites (LC50: 16.1 µL/mL), followed by Mapuche (LC50 value equal to 30.1 µL/mL), Spalt (LC50 value equal to 114.3 µL/mL), and finally Cascade (LC50: 117.9 µL/mL). Likewise, Spalt had the highest larval survival, followed by Victoria and Mapuche. Cascade was the variety with the highest larval mortality. In addition, none of the extracts showed mortality higher than 20% in adult bees. The Victoria hydrolat presented the best results, which makes it a good compound with the prospect of an acaricide treatment against V. destructor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena Elizabeth Iglesias
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
| | - Giselle Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
| | - Giulia Mitton
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
| | - Facundo Ramos
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
| | - Constanza Brasesco
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
| | - Rosa Manzo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Esquel CP 9200, Argentina
| | - Dalila Orallo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
| | - Liesel Gende
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
| | - Martin Eguaras
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
| | - Cristina Ramirez
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Fanovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
| | - Matias Maggi
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata CP 7600, Argentina
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Zamora-Mejías D, Ojeda M, Medellín RA, Rodríguez-Herrera B, Morales-Malacara JB. Morphological Variation in the Wing Mite Periglischrus paracaligus (Acari: Spinturnicidae) Associated With Different Moving Strategies of the Host Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1291-1302. [PMID: 35604414 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the morphometric variation of wing mite Periglischrus paracaligus Herrin and Tipton, along with the distribution of their host Leptonycteris yerbabuenae Martinez and Villa, in Mexico. A total of 115 female and 96 male specimens of P. paracaligus were used to conduct linear and geometric morphometric analyses. We assessed the influence of the geographic distribution of the migratory and nonmigratory populations of its bat host species on changes in size and shape on these parasites. Both analyses revealed high intraspecific variation in P. paracaligus, but subtle geographic differentiation. None of the approaches used identified a consistent pattern that separates unambiguously migratory from nonmigratory populations. Females presented more phenotypic variation than males and UPGMA analyses showed southern and northern colonies grouped in two distinct clades. Males on the other hand showed randomly grouped colonies with no geographic concordance. Interestingly, the most differentiated colony was the north Pacific colony of Jalisco. For both, males and females, isolation by distance (IBD) was not observed. We discuss these results as a possible scenario of contact between migratory populations located in northern Mexico with nonmigratory populations in other localities in central and southern Mexico conforming to a panmictic population along with their distribution range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zamora-Mejías
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior s/n, CP 04510, México, D. F., México
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, México
| | - Margarita Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Sistemática de Microartrópodos, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior s/n, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rodrigo A Medellín
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, México
| | | | - Juan B Morales-Malacara
- Lab. Espeleobiología y Acarología, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, CP 76230, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
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Düttmann C, Flores B, Sheleby-Elías J, Castillo G, Osejo H, Bermudez S, Demedio J. Morphotype and haplotype identification of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae), and its importance for apiculture in Nicaragua. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 83:527-544. [PMID: 33687585 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ectoparasite Varroa (Acari: Varroidae) is considered to be the main pest of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Nicaragua. The aim of this study was to determine morphotypes and mitochondrial haplotypes of the Varroa mites, related to infestation levels in A. mellifera hives in Nicaragua in a cross-sectional study (2013-2016). Samples were taken from 34 sentinel apiaries in five geographical zones; from 713 Varroa females collected during the study, 153 were selected for measurement of various morphometric characters for further classification into morphotypes. The mitochondrial haplotype was assigned to one of the two (Korean or Japanese), using the restriction by SacI of the PCR product of a fragment of the gene CO-I. Morphometric measurement and sequencing revealed the affiliation to the species Varroa destructor with a mean (± SD) body width of 1699.1 ± 60.2 µm and a body length of 1161.1 ± 34.9 µm. Body characters were significantly different among the 34 apiaries. Varroa destructor samples were classified into four morphotypes, with no significant differences in the geographical zones. As GAGCTC SacI enzyme cleavage sequences were not observed, all PCR products were identified as V. destructor Korean haplotype. The CO-I gene nucleotide sequences from two samples V. destructor showed both 100% similarity with the Korean haplotype and 99.8% similarity to the Japanese haplotype. Although the V. destructor mite was identified as a Korean haplotype, host-parasite association in 2 decades has led into a balance without entering into severe losses in the Nicaraguan apiculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Düttmann
- Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, León, Nicaragua
| | - Byron Flores
- Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, León, Nicaragua.
| | - Jessica Sheleby-Elías
- Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, León, Nicaragua
| | - Gladys Castillo
- Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, León, Nicaragua
| | - Henry Osejo
- Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, León, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Bermudez
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama, Panama
- Estación Científica Coiba AIP, Panama, Panama
| | - Jorge Demedio
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Agraria de la Habana, Habana, Cuba
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Strachecka A, Borsuk G, Olszewski K, Paleolog J. A new detection method for a newly revealed mechanism of pyrethroid resistance development in Varroa destructor. Parasitol Res 2015. [PMID: 26210302 PMCID: PMC4577535 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Varroa destructor mite has recently displayed an ever increasing resistance to new drugs, contributing to CCD proliferation. This work was aimed at determining new viable methods for identifying the pyrethroid resistance of V. destructor and DNA methylation in resistant and sensitive mites. DNA was extracted from Varroa mites. Nucleotide changes in the DNA of pyrethroid-resistant, pyrethroid-sensitive, and control mites were identified with polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in the case of five mitochondrial gene fragments. More bands were observed in the drug-resistant mites than in the other two groups. Sequencing confirmed these observations. Decreased global DNA methylation levels were observed in the pyrethroid-resistant mites. There exists a previously undescribed mechanism of pyrethroid resistance development in Varroa mites. The PCR-SSCP methods can be considered and further developed as useful tools for detecting V. destructor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Strachecka
- Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Borsuk
- Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Olszewski
- Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Paleolog
- Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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Maggi M, Medici S, Quintana S, Ruffinengo S, Marcángeli J, Gimenez Martinez P, Fuselli S, Eguaras M. Genetic structure of Varroa destructor populations infesting Apis mellifera colonies in Argentina. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2012; 56:309-318. [PMID: 22349941 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-012-9526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although mitochondrial DNA mapping of Varroa destructor revealed the presence of several haplotypes, only two of them (Korean and Japanese haplotypes) were capable to infest Apis mellifera populations. Even though the Korean haplotype is the only one that has been reported in Argentina, these conclusions were based on mites sampled in apiaries from a specific geographical place (Buenos Aires province). To study mites from several sites of Argentina could reveal the presence of the Japanese genotype, especially considering sites near to Brazil, where Japanese haplotype was already detected. The aim of this work was to study the genetic structure of V. destructor populations from apiaries located in various provinces of Argentina, in order to determine the presence of different haplotypes. The study was carried out between January 2006 and December 2009. Phoretic adult Varroa mites were collected from honey bee workers sampled from colonies of A. mellifera located in Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Río Negro, Santa Cruz and Neuquén provinces. Twenty female mites from each sampling site were used to carry out the genetic analysis. For DNA extraction a nondestructive method was used. DNA sequences were compared to Korean haplotype (AF106899) and Japanese haplotype (AF106897). All DNA sequences obtained from mite populations sampled in Argentina, share 98% of similitude with Korean Haplotype (AF106899). Taking into account these results, we are able to conclude that Korean haplotype is cosmopolite in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maggi
- Laboratorio de Artrópodos, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Maggi M, Peralta L, Ruffinengo S, Fuselli S, Eguaras M. Body size variability of Varroa destructor and its role in acaricide tolerance. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:2333-40. [PMID: 22190127 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity has been defined as the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes when exposed to distinct environments throughout its ontogeny. Morphological variability of individuals is an example of this plasticity. Taking into account that several studies have reported a wide morphological variability in Varroa destructor populations, we evaluated if the body size plasticity of the parasite constituted a key factor able to modulate mites survival when they were exposed to a drug bioassays. Drug bioassays against mites were conducted using three different Syzygium aromaticum essential oil concentrations (0.5, 1, and 5 μl/capsule) and controls. After 4 h of exposition, mite mortality was registered. The width (WS) and length (LS) of the dorsal shield were measured in dead mites. General lineal models were carried to determine if V. destructor survival to acaricides was related to the explanatory variables. Data modelling confirmed that WS and LS variables, together with time interaction, were significantly related to V. destructor survival when the parasites were exposed to acaricides. The models proposed demonstrated that for the smaller S. aromaticum essential oil concentration, the larger the parasite body, the greater the probability that it remains alive at the end of the bioassay. Such relationship was inverse for the other two concentrations tested. Possible causes explaining the body size variability in V. destructor individuals were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Maggi
- Laboratorio de Artrópodos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes, 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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