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Zaheer T, Abbas RZ, Imran M, Abbas A, Butt A, Aslam S, Ahmad J. Vaccines against chicken coccidiosis with particular reference to previous decade: progress, challenges, and opportunities. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2749-2763. [PMID: 35925452 PMCID: PMC9362588 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chicken coccidiosis is an economically significant disease of commercial chicken industry accounting for losses of more than £10.4 billion (according to 2016 prices). Additionally, the costs incurred in prophylaxis and therapeutics against chicken coccidiosis in developing countries (for instance Pakistan according to 2018 prices) reached US $45,000.00 while production losses for various categories of chicken ranges 104.74 to US $2,750,779.00. The infection has been reported from all types of commercial chickens (broiler, layer, breeder) having a range of reported prevalence of 7-90%. The concern of resistance towards major anticoccidials has provided a way forward to vaccine research and development. For prophylaxis of chicken coccidiosis, live virulent, attenuated, ionophore tolerant strains and recombinant vaccines have been extensively trialed and commercialized. Eimeria antigens and novel vaccine adjuvants have elicited the protective efficacy against coccidial challenge. The cost of production and achieving robust immune responses in birds are major challenges for commercial vaccine production. In the future, research should be focused on the development of multivalent anticoccidial vaccines for commercial poultry. Efforts should also be made on the discovery of novel antigens for incorporation into vaccine designs which might be more effective against multiple Eimeria species. This review presents a recap to the overall progress against chicken Eimeria with particular reference to previous decade. The article presents critical analysis of potential areas for future research in chicken Eimeria vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tean Zaheer
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Abbas
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ali Butt
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Aslam
- Institute of Physiology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jameel Ahmad
- Institute of Physiology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Nasri T, Sangmaneedet S, Nam NH, Worawong K, Taweenan W, Sukon P. Protective efficacy of new-generation anticoccidial vaccine candidates against Eimeria infection in chickens: A meta-analysis of challenge trials. Vet Parasitol 2022; 306:109724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Zhao H, Li C, Zhu S, Zhao Q, Dong H, Huang B, Han H. Molecular characterization and immune protection by cystathionine β-synthase from Eimeria tenella. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2021; 69:e12876. [PMID: 34850487 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Eimeria tenella is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that causes avian coccidiosis and leads to severe economic losses in the global poultry industry. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) act together to generate H2S in the reverse transsulfuration pathway. In this study, E. tenella Cystathionine β-synthase (EtCBS) was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA 5'-ends (5'RACE) and characterized, and its immunoprotective effects were evaluated. The recombinant EtCBS protein (rEtCBS) was expressed and successfully recognized by anti-sporozoites (Spz) protein rabbit serum. EtCBS mRNA levels were highest in Spz by qPCR, and the protein expression levels were higher in unsporulated oocysts (UO) than in other stages by Western blot. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that EtCBS protein was found on the surface of Spz and second-generation merozoites (Mrz). The invasion inhibition assays showed that rabbit anti-rEtCBS polyclonal antibodies effectively inhibited parasite invasion host cells. Chickens immunized with rEtCBS protein showed prominently increased weight gains and decreased oocyst output compared to nonimmunized and infected control group. The results suggest that EtCBS could be a potential vaccine candidate against E. tenella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunhai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
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Zhao H, Zhu S, Zhao Q, Huang B, Liu G, Li Z, Wang L, Dong H, Han H. Molecular characterization and protective efficacy of a new conserved hypothetical protein of Eimeria tenella. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:40. [PMID: 33944773 PMCID: PMC8095096 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria tenella is an obligate intracellular parasite that actively invades cecal epithelial cells of chickens. This parasite encodes a genome of more than 8000 genes. However, more than 70% of the gene models for this species are currently annotated as hypothetical proteins. In this study, a conserved hypothetical protein gene of E. tenella, designated EtCHP18905, was cloned and identified, and its immune protective effects were evaluated. The open reading frame of EtCHP18905 was 1053bp and encoded a protein of 350 amino acids with a molecular weight of 38.7kDa. The recombinant EtCHP18905 protein (rEtCHP18905) was expressed in E. coli. Using western blot, the recombinant protein was successfully recognized by anti GST-Tag monoclonal antibody and anti-sporozoites protein rabbit serum. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the EtCHP18905 mRNA levels were higher in sporozoites than in unsporulated oocysts, sporulated oocysts and second-generation merozoites. Western blot analysis showed that EtCHP18905 protein expression levels were lower in sporozoites than in other stages. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that the EtCHP18905 protein was located on the surface of sporozoites and second-generation merozoites. Inhibition experiments showed that the ability of sporozoites to invade host cells was significantly decreased after treatment with the anti-rEtCHP18905 polyclonal antibody. Vaccination with rEtCHP18905 protein was able to significantly decrease mean lesion scores and oocyst outputs as compared to non-vaccinated controls. The results suggest that the rEtCHP18905 protein can induce partial immune protection against infection with E. tenella and could be an effective candidate for the development of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 200241 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shunhai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 200241 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qiping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 200241 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 200241 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 200241 Shanghai, PR China - College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 200234 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhihang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 200241 Shanghai, PR China - College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 200234 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 200241 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 200241 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 200241 Shanghai, PR China
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