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Deng S, Wu Y, Huang S, Yang X. Novel insights into the roles of migrasome in cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:166. [PMID: 38748047 PMCID: PMC11096295 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell migration, a hallmark of cancer malignancy, plays a critical role in cancers. Improperly initiated or misdirected cell migration can lead to invasive metastatic cancer. Migrasomes are newly discovered vesicular cellular organelles produced by migrating cells and depending on cell migration. Four marker proteins [NDST1 (bifunctionalheparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 1), EOGT (Epidermal growth factor domains pecific O-linked N-acetylglucosaminetransferase), CPQ (carboxypeptidase Q), and PIGK (phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class K)] of migrasomes were successfully identified. There are three marker proteins (NDST1, PIGK, and EOGT) of migrasome expressed in cancer. In this review, we will discuss the process of migrasome discovery, the formation of migrasome, the possible functions of migrasome, and the differences between migrasomes and exosomes, especially, the biological functions of migrasome marker proteins in cancer, and discuss some possible roles of migrasomes in cancer. We speculate that migrasomes and migracytosis can play key roles in regulating the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang , 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang , 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang , 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang , 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Wei X, Lu Y, Lin LL, Zhang C, Chen X, Wang S, Wu SA, Li ZJ, Quan Y, Sun S, Qi L. Proteomic screens of SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation substrates reveal its role in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein biogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:659. [PMID: 38253565 PMCID: PMC10803770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) plays indispensable roles in many physiological processes; however, the nature of endogenous substrates remains largely elusive. Here we report a proteomics strategy based on the intrinsic property of the SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD complex to identify endogenous ERAD substrates both in vitro and in vivo. Following stringent filtering using a machine learning algorithm, over 100 high-confidence potential substrates are identified in human HEK293T and mouse brown adipose tissue, among which ~88% are cell type-specific. One of the top shared hits is the catalytic subunit of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-transamidase complex, PIGK. Indeed, SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD attenuates the biogenesis of GPI-anchored proteins by specifically targeting PIGK for proteasomal degradation. Lastly, several PIGK disease variants in inherited GPI deficiency disorders are also SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD substrates. This study provides a platform and resources for future effort to identify proteome-wide endogenous substrates in vivo, and implicates SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in many cellular processes including the biogenesis of GPI-anchored proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Liangguang Leo Lin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Zexin Jason Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Yujun Quan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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Ramantani G, Westover MB, Gliske S, Sarnthein J, Sarma S, Wang Y, Baud MO, Stacey WC, Conrad EC. Passive and active markers of cortical excitability in epilepsy. Epilepsia 2023; 64 Suppl 3:S25-S36. [PMID: 36897228 PMCID: PMC10512778 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) has been the primary diagnostic tool in clinical epilepsy for nearly a century. Its review is performed using qualitative clinical methods that have changed little over time. However, the intersection of higher resolution digital EEG and analytical tools developed in the past decade invites a re-exploration of relevant methodology. In addition to the established spatial and temporal markers of spikes and high-frequency oscillations, novel markers involving advanced postprocessing and active probing of the interictal EEG are gaining ground. This review provides an overview of the EEG-based passive and active markers of cortical excitability in epilepsy and of the techniques developed to facilitate their identification. Several different emerging tools are discussed in the context of specific EEG applications and the barriers we must overcome to translate these tools into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Ramantani
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Brandon Westover
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Data Science, Massachusetts General Hospital McCance Center for Brain Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Research Affiliate Faculty, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Research Affiliate Faculty, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen Gliske
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Johannes Sarnthein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sridevi Sarma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yujiang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maxime O Baud
- Sleep-Wake-Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Center for Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Inselspital Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - William C Stacey
- Department of Neurology, BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Neurology, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Erin C Conrad
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Penn Epilepsy Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Xu Y, Li T, Zhou Z, Hong J, Chao Y, Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Qu Q, Li D. Structures of liganded glycosylphosphatidylinositol transamidase illuminate GPI-AP biogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5520. [PMID: 37684232 PMCID: PMC10491789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many eukaryotic receptors and enzymes rely on glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors for membrane localization and function. The transmembrane complex GPI-T recognizes diverse proproteins at a signal peptide region that lacks consensus sequence and replaces it with GPI via a transamidation reaction. How GPI-T maintains broad specificity while preventing unintentional cleavage is unclear. Here, substrates- and products-bound human GPI-T structures identify subsite features that enable broad proprotein specificity, inform catalytic mechanism, and reveal a multilevel safeguard mechanism against its promiscuity. In the absence of proproteins, the catalytic site is invaded by a locally stabilized loop. Activation requires energetically unfavorable rearrangements that transform the autoinhibitory loop into crucial catalytic cleft elements. Enzyme-proprotein binding in the transmembrane and luminal domains respectively powers the conformational rearrangement and induces a competent cleft. GPI-T thus integrates various weak specificity regions to form strong selectivity and prevent accidental activation. These findings provide important mechanistic insights into GPI-anchored protein biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Chao
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhini Zhu
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhui Qu
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dianfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of CAS, Shanghai, China.
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Qin Y, Yang J, Liang C, Liu J, Deng Z, Yan B, Fu Y, Luo Y, Li X, Wei X, Li W. Pan-cancer analysis identifies migrasome-related genes as a potential immunotherapeutic target: A bulk omics research and single cell sequencing validation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:994828. [PMID: 36405728 PMCID: PMC9669594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The migrasome is a newly discovered organelle that resembles extracellular vesicles in structure. However, the function of the migrasome in tumors, particularly in relation to tumor immunity and tumor microenvironment, is unclear. Methods Gene expression data, copy number variation raw data, and methylation data of 33 cancer types were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) based on 114 case of colorectal cancer was used to validate the expression of the migrasome hub-gene. We analyzed the expression, prognosis, genetic variation, and drug sensitivity profiles of migrasome-related genes (MRGs) in pan-cancer datasets. A migrasome score was constructed based on gene set enrichment analysis, and the correlation of migrasomes with the tumor microenvironment was assessed. The CancerSEA was used to perform a single-cell level functional analysis of the migrasome. Additionally, we also analyzed the correlation between migrasomes and tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion scores. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) data was used to assess the activation state of migrasomes in the tumor microenvironment. Results PIGK expression was significantly up-regulated in 22 of 33 tumors, and high expression of migrasome was estimated to have contributed to poor prognosis. Missense mutations are the most common type of mutation in MRGs. We identified piperlongumine as a potential drug targeting migrasomes. The migrasome score was significantly and positively correlated with the tumor immunity score and the stroma score. In most tumors, the abundance of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment was significantly and positively correlated with the migrasome score. Additionally, the migrasome scores were significantly correlated with the immune checkpoint genes in pan-cancer as well as immune checkpoint therapy-related markers including TMB and MSI. According to scRNA-seq analysis, migrasome differed significantly among cells of the tumor microenvironment. IHC confirmed low expression of ITGA5 and PIGK in colorectal cancer. Discussion We performed the first pan-cancer analysis of migrasomes and discovered that they play an important role in tumor development and immune escape. Our study provides new insights into the role of migrasomes in tumor prognosis and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cao Liang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhixing Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Binli Yan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yinghua Luo
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Li, ; Xiaoying Wei, ; Xiaozhen Li,
| | - Xiaoying Wei
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Li, ; Xiaoying Wei, ; Xiaozhen Li,
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Li, ; Xiaoying Wei, ; Xiaozhen Li,
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Ness TJ, Gamage DG, Ekanayaka SA, Hendrickson TL. A Soluble, Minimalistic Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Transamidase (GPI-T) Retains Transamidation Activity. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1273-1285. [PMID: 35730892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins is a eukaryotic, post-translational modification catalyzed by GPI transamidase (GPI-T). The Saccharomyces cerevisiae GPI-T is composed of five membrane-bound subunits: Gpi8, Gaa1, Gpi16, Gpi17, and Gab1. GPI-T has been recalcitrant to in vitro structure and function studies because of its complexity and membrane-solubility. Furthermore, a reliable, quantitative, in vitro assay for this important post-translational modification has remained elusive despite its discovery more than three decades ago.Three recent reports describe the structure of GPI-T from S. cerevisiae and humans, shedding critical light on this important enzyme and offering insight into the functions of its different subunits. Here, we present the purification and characterization of a truncated soluble GPI-T heterotrimer complex (Gpi823-306, Gaa150-343, and Gpi1620-551) without transmembrane domains. Using this simplified heterotrimer, we report the first quantitative method to measure GPI-T activity in vitro and demonstrate that this soluble, minimalistic GPI-T retains transamidase activity. These results contribute to our understanding of how this enzyme is organized and functions, and provide a method to screen potential GPI-T inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Ness
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Dilani G Gamage
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sandamali A Ekanayaka
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Tamara L Hendrickson
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Structure of human glycosylphosphatidylinositol transamidase. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:203-209. [DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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