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Wang W, Wang T, Gao Y, Liang G, Pu Y, Zhang J. Model of neural development by differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells into neural progenitor cells to study the neurodevelopmental toxicity of lead. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113947. [PMID: 37467947 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure causes immeasurable damage to multiple human systems, particularly the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were differentiated into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to investigate the neurotoxic effects of Pb. The hiPSCs were treated with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 μmol/L Pb for 7 days, whereas embryoid bodies (EBs) and NPCs were treated with 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 μmol/L Pb for 7 days. Pb exposure disrupted the cell cycle and caused apoptosis in hiPSCs, EBs, and NPCs. Besides, Pb inhibited the differentiation of NPCs and EBs. Whole exome sequencing revealed 2509, 2413, and 1984 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) caused by Pb in hiPSCs, EBs, and NPCs, respectively. The common mutation sites in the exon region were mostly nonsynonymous mutations. We identified 18, 19, and 18 common deleterious mutations in hiPSCs, EBs, and NPCs, respectively. Additionally, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database analysis revealed 30, 20, and 13 genes related to CNS disorders in hiPSCs, EBs, and NPCs, respectively. Our findings suggest that this in vitro model may supplement animal models and be applied to the study of neurodevelopmental toxicity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Institute for Sports and Health (JISH), Nanjing, 211100, China.
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Peron C, Maresca A, Cavaliere A, Iannielli A, Broccoli V, Carelli V, Di Meo I, Tiranti V. Exploiting hiPSCs in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON): Present Achievements and Future Perspectives. Front Neurol 2021; 12:648916. [PMID: 34168607 PMCID: PMC8217617 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.648916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 30 years after discovering Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) as the first maternally inherited disease associated with homoplasmic mtDNA mutations, we still struggle to achieve effective therapies. LHON is characterized by selective degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and is the most frequent mitochondrial disease, which leads young people to blindness, in particular males. Despite that causative mutations are present in all tissues, only a specific cell type is affected. Our deep understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms in LHON is hampered by the lack of appropriate models since investigations have been traditionally performed in non-neuronal cells. Effective in-vitro models of LHON are now emerging, casting promise to speed our understanding of pathophysiology and test therapeutic strategies to accelerate translation into clinic. We here review the potentials of these new models and their impact on the future of LHON patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Peron
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maresca
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavaliere
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Iannielli
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Vania Broccoli
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivano Di Meo
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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