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Hebbar M, Riaz W, Sains P, Baig MK, Sajid MS. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials only exploring the role of single incision laparoscopic surgery versus conventional multiport laparoscopic surgery for colorectal resections. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:30. [PMID: 29971261 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2018.05.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this article is to evaluate the surgical outcomes in patients undergoing single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) versus conventional multi-incision laparoscopic surgery (MILS) for colorectal resections. Methods The data retrieved from the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the surgical outcomes in patients undergoing SILS versus MILS for colorectal resections was analysed using the principles of meta-analysis. The combined outcome of dichotomous data was represented as risk ratio (RR) and continuous data was shown as standardized mean difference (SMD). Results Five RCTs on 525 patients reported the colorectal resections by SILS versus MILS technique. In the random effects model analysis using the statistical software Review Manager 5.3, the operation time (SMD, 0.20; 95% CI, -0.11 to 0.52; z=1.28; P=0.20), length of in-patient stay (SMD, -0.18; 95% CI, -0.51 to 0.14; z=1.10; P=0.27) and lymph node harvesting (SMD, 0.09; 95% CI, -0.14 to 0.33; z=0.76; P=0.45) were comparable between both techniques. Furthermore, post-operative complications (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.65-1.54; z=0.02; P=0.99), post-operative mortality, surgical site infection rate (RR, 3.00; 95% CI, 0.13-70.92; z=0.68; P=0.50), anastomotic leak rate (RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.11-1.63; z=1.24; P=0.21), conversion rate (P=0.13) and re-operation rate (P=0.43) were also statistically similar following SILS and MILS. Conclusions SILS failed to demonstrate any superiority over MILS for colorectal resections in all post-operative surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusoodhana Hebbar
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery, Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing Hospital, Worthing, West Sussex, BN11 2DH, UK
| | - Waleed Riaz
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery, Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, The Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, West Sussex, BN2 5BE, UK
| | - Parv Sains
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery, Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, The Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, West Sussex, BN2 5BE, UK
| | - Mirza Khurrum Baig
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery, Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing Hospital, Worthing, West Sussex, BN11 2DH, UK
| | - Muhammad Shafique Sajid
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery, Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, The Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, West Sussex, BN2 5BE, UK
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Jung KU, Yun SH, Cho YB, Kim HC, Lee WY, Chun HK. The Role of Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Technique in the Age of Single-Incision Laparoscopy: An Effective Alternative to Avoid Open Conversion in Colorectal Surgery. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2018; 28:415-421. [DOI: 10.1089/lap.2017.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung uk Jung
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Yun
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Cho
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Yong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Kyung Chun
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has been described in adults with Crohn's disease, but its use in pediatric Crohn's patients has been limited. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with SILS in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease. METHODS A retrospective review was performed for patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease who underwent small bowel resection or ileocecectomy at a freestanding children's hospital from 2006 to 2014. Data collected included demographic data, interval from diagnosis to surgery, operative time, length of stay, and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS Analysis identified 19 patients who underwent open surgery (OS) and 41 patients who underwent SILS. One patient (2.4 %) within the SILS group required conversion to OS. Demographic characteristics were similar between the 2 cohorts. The most common indication for surgery was stricture/obstruction (SILS 70.7 % vs. OS 68.4 %, p = 0.86), and ileocecectomy was the most common primary procedure performed (SILS 90.2 % vs. OS 100 % OS). Operative times were longer for SILS (135 ± 50 vs. 105 ± 37 min, p = 0.02). However, when the last 20 SILS cases were compared to all OS cases, the difference was no longer statistically significant (SILS 123.3 ± 34.2 vs. OS 105 ± 36.5, p = 0.12). No difference was noted in postoperative length of stay (SILS 6.5 ± 2.2 days vs. OS 7.4 ± 2.2 days, p = 0.16) or overall complication rate (SILS 24.4 % vs. OS 26.3 %, p = 0.16). CONCLUSION SILS ileocecectomy is feasible in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease, achieving outcomes similar to OS. As experience increased, operative times also became comparable.
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Apostolou KG, Orfanos SV, Papalois AE, Felekouras ES, Zografos GC, Liakakos T. Single-Incision Laparoscopic Right Hemi-Colectomy: a Systematic Review. Indian J Surg 2015; 77:301-12. [PMID: 26702238 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-015-1282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As surgeons became more adept with laparoscopic colon surgery, other less invasive procedures, such as single-incision laparoscopic right hemi-colectomy (SIL-RH), have been applied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of SIL-RH as well as its intraoperative and postoperative outcomes for right-sided colon diseases. A detailed search in PubMed for citations that included SIL-RH from 2000 to 2014 revealed 21 studies fulfilling the criteria of the present review. A total of 684 patients were analyzed. Of the patients, 50.2 % were men. Mean patient age was 64.8 years. Of the patients, 36.1 % had already undergone an abdominal operation before the performance of SIL-RH, while 69 % of the patients underwent SIL-RH for colon cancer. Relatively low rates of overall morbidity (15 %) and mortality (0.75 %) were reported in the included studies. Mean length of postoperative hospital stay (LOS) was 5.5 days. Bowel motility return had a mean value of 2.8 days. Mean number of harvested lymph nodes (LN) was 19.2 LN. All resection margins were tumor-free. SIL-RH was a safe alternative to multiport laparoscopic right hemi-colectomy (ML-RH) in terms of morbidity and mortality, postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery, LOS, as well as oncological radicalness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Apostolou
- 1st Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens Laiko, Athens School of Medicine, University of Athens, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - S V Orfanos
- 1st Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens Laiko, Athens School of Medicine, University of Athens, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - A E Papalois
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Athens Medical School, Hippocration Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E S Felekouras
- 1st Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens Laiko, Athens School of Medicine, University of Athens, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - G C Zografos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Athens Medical School, Hippocration Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - T Liakakos
- 1st Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens Laiko, Athens School of Medicine, University of Athens, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Single-incision laparoscopic surgery through an ostomy site: a natural approach by an unnatural orifice. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2015; 25:74-78. [PMID: 24743670 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is gaining popularity for a wide variety of surgical operations and capitalizes on the benefits of traditional laparoscopic surgery without incurring multiple incision sites. Traditionally, SILS is performed by a midline periumbilical approach. However, such a minimally invasive approach may be utilized in patients who already have an abdominal incision. Our series retrospectively reviews 7 cases in which we utilized the fascial defect at the time of after ostomy reversal as our SILS incision site. In turn, we performed a variety of concurrent intra-abdominal procedures with excellent technical success and outcomes. Our study is the largest single-institution case series of this novel approach and suggests that utilizing an existing ostomy-site abdominal incision is a safe and effective location for SILS port placement and should be considered in patients undergoing concurrent procedures.
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Luján JA, Soriano MT, Abrisqueta J, Pérez D, Parrilla P. Colectomía mediante puerto único vs colectomía mediante laparoscopia multipuerto. Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de más de 2.800 procedimientos. Cir Esp 2015; 93:307-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Analysis of outcomes for single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) right colectomy reveals a minimal learning curve. Surg Endosc 2014; 29:1356-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00464-014-3803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Spinoglio G, Lenti LM, Ravazzoni F, Formisano G, Pagliardi F, Marano A. Evaluation of technical feasibility and safety of Single-Site™ robotic right colectomy: three case reports. Int J Med Robot 2014; 11:135-40. [PMID: 25156297 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robotic Single-Site™ surgery overcomes the technical constraints of single-access laparoscopy. After performing over 130 Single-Site robotic cholecystectomies and stabilizing operative times, we applied this technology to right colon surgery. METHODS We successfully completed three Single-Site robotic right colectomies (SSRRCs) using the da Vinci Si Surgical System(®) with a Single-Site kit (© Intuitive Surgical™) inserted through a suprapubic incision. RESULTS Overall SSRRC operative time was 218.3 ± 75.9 min. A side-to-side anisoperistaltic anastomosis was fashioned intracorporeally (two cases) or extracorporeally (one case). All patients were discharged within 5 days. There were no complications and oncological principles were satisfied. There were no recurrences up to 12 months. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of SSRRC with intracorporeal anastomosis using the da Vinci(®) Single-Site™ port inserted through a suprapubic incision. This approach is feasible and safe, with oncological outcomes potentially equivalent to those of robotic or laparoscopic multiport surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Spinoglio
- Department of General and Oncologic Surgery, SS Antonio and Biagio Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Luca Matteo Lenti
- Department of General and Oncologic Surgery, SS Antonio and Biagio Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Ravazzoni
- Department of General and Oncologic Surgery, SS Antonio and Biagio Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Formisano
- Department of General and Oncologic Surgery, SS Antonio and Biagio Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagliardi
- Department of General and Oncologic Surgery, SS Antonio and Biagio Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marano
- Department of General and Oncologic Surgery, SS Antonio and Biagio Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
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Choi BJ, Lee SC, Kang WK. Single-port laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with transanal resection (transabdominal transanal resection) for low rectal cancer: initial experience with 22 cases. Int J Surg 2013; 11:858-63. [PMID: 23962662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total mesorectal excisions (TME) with transanal resection and coloanal anastomosis (CAA) represent one of the standard surgical treatments for low rectal cancers. We report our initial experiences with trans-abdominal trans-anal resections (TATAR) with TME, performed using a single-port laparoscopic surgeries (SPLS) approach for low rectal cancers. METHODS Between June 2009 and April 2011, 22 low rectal cancer patients underwent SPLS TATAR with TME. SPLS was performed transumbilically or through predetermined stoma sites. Conventional laparoscopic instruments were used, and the intracorporeal procedures and range of operation did not differ. After a full laparoscopic TME to the pelvic floor muscles, the specimen was pulled through the anus. CAA was completed with transanal hand sewn sutures. Patient and tumor characteristics and operative, pathologic, and postoperative outcomes were studied. RESULTS SPLS TATAR with TME was successful in all patients. No additional incisions for trocars or conversions to open surgery were performed. The median incision length, operative time, and postoperative length of stay were 2.0 cm (range: 1.5-2.5), 260 min (range: 190-380), and 6 days (range: 4-16), respectively. The median number of harvested lymph nodes was 22 (range: 9-42). The median distal margin from the tumor was 2.0 cm (range: 0.3-4.0). No intraoperative complications were noted. CONCLUSIONS SPLS TATAR with TME was safe and feasible. In addition to cosmetic advantages, oncologic requirements for specimens, including adequate margins and sufficient lymph node harvesting could be fulfilled entirely. However, the technique and oncologic safety warrant further evaluation and prospective randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Jo Choi
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Park SJ, Lee KY, Kang BM, Choi SI, Lee SH. Initial experience of single-port laparoscopic surgery for sigmoid colon cancer. World J Surg 2013; 37:652-656. [PMID: 23232821 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-012-1882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-port laparoscopic surgery has attracted attention in the field of minimally invasive colorectal surgery. We hypothesized that an experienced laparoscopic surgeon could perform single-port surgery for colon cancer eligible for conventional laparoscopic anterior resection. Our aim was to analyze our initial experience and immediate surgical outcomes of single-port anterior resection. METHODS A total of 37 consecutive patients with presumed sigmoid colonic cancer underwent single-port anterior resection with standard laparoscopic instruments between May 2009 and June 2010. Each operation was performed by one of two experienced colorectal surgeons. A cohort of patients who had undergone conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) for the same duration a year earlier (August 2007 to September 2008) was used as a historical control. Patient demographics and perioperative outcomes were analyzed and compared with those of CLS. RESULTS There were no significant differences in mean estimated blood loss, mean length of the resection margin, or morbidity between the two groups, but operative time for the single-port group was significantly shorter (118 ± 41 vs. 140 ± 42 min; p = 0.017). Single-port laparoscopic surgery was successfully performed in 78.4% (29/37) of the patients treated in 2010, and CLS was successfully completed in all of the patients treated the previous year (p = 0.000). The main causes of single-port surgery failure were adhesion and tumor location. CONCLUSIONS Single-port anterior resection is a feasible and safe procedure with immediate outcomes comparable to those of conventional laparoscopy. Further studies are required to determine the feasibility of single-port surgery for colonic tumors outside the sigmoid colon and the long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jin Park
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Dapri G, Carandina S, Mathonet P, Himpens J, Cadière GB. Suprapubic single-incision laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis. Surg Innov 2013; 20:484-92. [PMID: 23325782 DOI: 10.1177/1553350612471208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-incision laparoscopy (SIL) has gained significance recently. The umbilicus has been the preferred access site for SIL. Suprapubic access site (SAS) can be an alternative, especially for a right hemicolectomy (RH). METHODS Between November 2011 and July 2012, 7 consecutive patients underwent suprapubic SIL RH (SSILRH). The median age was 53 years, and the median body mass index was 23.9 kg/m2. Indications for surgery included appendicular tumor (1) and adenocarcinoma of the right colon (6). Three reusable trocars were used, and the resection was performed through the SAS. An intracorporeal linear stapled anastomosis was performed, the mesenteric defect was closed, and the access site was used for specimen extraction. RESULTS No patient required additional trocars or conversion to an open surgery. The median laparoscopic time was 222 minutes, and the median final incision length was 50 mm. The median Visual Analogue Scale score (0-10) at 6, 18, 30, 42, 54, 66, and 78 postoperative hours was 6, 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, and 2, respectively. The median hospital stay was 4 days. CONCLUSIONS SSILRH is useful because the SAS can be enlarged for extraction of the specimen without compromising the cosmetic outcome. The mesocolic and mesenteric dissections are on the same axis as the access site. The intracorporeal anastomosis can be performed without traction. Finally, positioning of the operative table improves exposure of the operative field and allows the surgeon to maneuver the colon and small bowel intracorporeally.
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Mufty H, Hillewaere S, Appeltans B, Houben B. Single-incision right hemicolectomy for malignancy: a feasible technique with standard laparoscopic instrumentation. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14:e764-70. [PMID: 22776288 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2012.03175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM Single-incision laparoscopy is a rapidly evolving technique in the spectrum 'standard laparoscopy-natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)'. From a commercial perspective, purchase of articulating instruments is advised. However, here we present our early experience with single-incision laparoscopy for right hemicolectomy with standard laparoscopic instrumentation. METHOD Between June 2010 and December 2011, 25 patients presenting with malignant disease underwent single-incision laparoscopy for right hemicolectomy. Four different ports (SILS™ port, Covidien; SSL(®) Access system, Ethicon; X-Cone/S-Portal(®) , Storz; and OCTO™ port, AFS Medical) were used. Patients were recruited prospectively and all data were processed retrospectively. RESULTS Twenty-five patients were included in our study (and their characteristics, described later in this paragraph, are expressed as median (range)). Four conversions to standard laparoscopy were performed. The age of patients was 69 (36-89) years, and they had a body mass index (BMI) of 24.5 (19.1-34.2). The duration of surgery was 110 (70-148) min with a healed skin incision length of 35 (20-60) mm. Hospital stay was 5 (2-15) days. In four patients discharge was delayed because of comorbidity. One patient suffered an overwhelming pneumonia. CONCLUSION Single-incision laparoscopy using standard laparoscopic instruments appears to be a safe and feasible technique for malignant disease requiring right hemicolectomy. Randomized, prospective trials are ongoing to prove the benefits of this technique and to compare its oncological outcome measures with those of conventional laparoscopy. In our experience, a low-profile port with a wide intra-abdominal range of motion is most preferable.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mufty
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
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Poon JTC, Cheung CW, Fan JKM, Lo OSH, Law WL. Single-incision versus conventional laparoscopic colectomy for colonic neoplasm: a randomized, controlled trial. Surg Endosc 2012; 26:2729-34. [PMID: 22538676 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-012-2262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-incision laparoscopic colectomy (SILC) is a newly developed procedure with the benefit of better cosmetic outcome and potentially reduced wound pain compared with conventionally laparoscopic colectomy (CLC). However, the application of SILC requires careful evaluation to prove its benefit and safety. This randomized, controlled study compared the operative outcome of patients who underwent SILC and CLC. METHODS Patients who had small cancer (<4 cm) or adenomatous polyp requiring colectomy were randomized to have SILC or CLC. The patients were blinded to the procedures and the postoperative pain was used as the primary outcome measure. All patients had patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous morphine after the operation and the nominal rating score on days 1-3 and day 14 were recorded by research staff, who did not known the types of operations. Other operative outcomes of the two groups of patients also were recorded prospectively and compared. RESULTS There were 25 patients in each group. The patients' demographics, tumor characteristics, operating time, blood loss, complication rate, number of lymph nodes harvested, and resection margin have no statistically significant difference between the two groups. There was no operative mortality in both groups. The SILC group had consistently lower median pain score than CLC group in the whole postoperative course and the difference was statistically significant on day 1 (0 (0-5) vs. day 3 (0-6) respectively; p = 0.002) and day 2 (0 (0-3) vs. 2 (0-8) respectively; p = 0.014). The median hospital stay in the SILC group also was shorter the CLC group. CONCLUSIONS In a selected group of patients with small tumor and good operative risk, SILC is a safe alternative to CLC. Single-port laparoscopic colectomy also is associated with the benefits of less postoperative pain and shorter hospital stay than CLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jensen T C Poon
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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