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Leong M, Sathi B, Davis A, Hamid S, Wu S, Woods J, Kharbanda S, Li X, Hou J. Alpha-mannosidosis: a case with novel ultrastructural and light microscopy findings. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:1186-1190. [PMID: 37979187 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alpha-mannosidosis is a rare genetic lysosomal storage condition leading to the systemic buildup of oligomannoside. Clinical presentation and associated conditions, as well as the full extent of histopathologic changes associated with this disease process, are not fully understood. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of an 8-year-1-month old patient with persistent anemia and who was initially diagnosed with Celiac disease before ultimately being diagnosed with alpha-mannosidosis. As part of his diagnostic work-up, duodenal and bone marrow biopsies were examined by pathology. Duodenal biopsies showed foamy plasma cells expanding the lamina propria which triggered a workup for a genetic storage disease; features suggestive of Celiac disease which resolved on gluten-free diet were also noted by pathology. Bone marrow analysis via electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic granules and inclusions in multiple immune cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Alpha-mannosidosis can occur with Celiac disease and milder forms may only be suspected from incidental pathology findings. The ultrastructural bone marrow findings from this case, the first to be reported from human, show numerous disease-associated changes in multiple immune cell lines whose contribution to disease-associated immunodeficiency is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Leong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bindu Sathi
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, CA, USA
| | - Amy Davis
- Department of Pathology, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, CA, USA
| | - Syed Hamid
- Department of Gastroenterology, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, CA, USA
| | - Sandy Wu
- Department of Pathology, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Woods
- Department of Pediatrics, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sandhya Kharbanda
- Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaomo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jean Hou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Emecen Sanli M, Kilic A, Inci A, Okur I, Ezgu F, Tumer L. Endocrinological, immunological and metabolic features of patients with Fabry disease under therapy. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 0:jpem-2023-0105. [PMID: 37257483 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal disorder caused by decreased or absent alpha galactosidase enzyme. The enzyme deficiency leads to progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb-3) and its deacetylated form lyso-Gb3 in various tissue lysosomes that results in primarily lysosomal deterioration and subsequently mitochondrial, endothelial, and immunologic dysfunctions. METHODS The endocrinological, metabolic, immunological and HLA status of 12 patients were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 11 patients (91.6 %) had immunologic and/or endocrinologic abnormalities. fT4, anti-TPO, and anti-TG levels were increased in 1, 2, and 2 patients, respectively. Three patients had elevated proinflammatory cytokines. ANA profile, p-ANCA and c-ANCA were positive in 1, 1, and 2 patients, respectively. Tissue transglutaminase antibody was negative in all patients however P5 was diagnosed with Celiac disease at the age of 12 and on gluten free diet. All patients had distinct types of HLA apart from 2 patients with anti-TG and anti-TPO positive and there was no relationship between the HLA types and the autoimmunity biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS FD may have impact on endocrinologic and immunologic abnormalities even in the patients under ERT, therefore prevalence of these abnormalities may be higher in ERT naïve patients. However, apparently, they are less likely to cause clinical symptoms. Certain HLA alleles may contribute to the direct impact of immunological pathogenesis in FD by developing abnormal autoimmune biomarkers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating HLA status of FD patients; therefore further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Emecen Sanli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Istanbul Basaksehir City Hospital, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Kilic
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Istanbul Basaksehir City Hospital, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Asli Inci
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Istanbul Basaksehir City Hospital, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ilyas Okur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Istanbul Basaksehir City Hospital, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Ezgu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Istanbul Basaksehir City Hospital, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Leyla Tumer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Istanbul Basaksehir City Hospital, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Türkiye
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Ezgu F, Alpsoy E, Bicik Bahcebasi Z, Kasapcopur O, Palamar M, Onay H, Ozdemir BH, Topcuoglu MA, Tufekcioglu O. Expert opinion on the recognition, diagnosis and management of children and adults with Fabry disease: a multidisciplinary Turkey perspective. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:90. [PMID: 35236382 PMCID: PMC8889663 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This consensus statement by a panel of Fabry experts aimed to identify areas of consensus on conceptual, clinical and therapeutic aspects of Fabry disease (FD) and to provide guidance to healthcare providers on best practice in the management of pediatric and adult patients with FD. This consensus statement indicated the clinical heterogeneity of FD as well as a large number of pathogenic variants in the GLA gene, emphasizing a need for an individualized approach to patient care. The experts reached consensus on the critical role of a high index of suspicion in symptomatic patients and screening of certain at-risk groups to reveal timely and accurate diagnosis of FD along with an increased awareness of the treating physician about the different kinds of pathogenic variants and their clinical implications. The experts emphasized the crucial role of timely recognition of FD with minimal delay from symptom onset to definite diagnosis in better management of FD patients, given the likelihood of changing the disease's natural history, improving the patients' quality of life and the prognosis after enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) administered through a coordinated, multidisciplinary care approach. In this regard, this consensus document is expected to increase awareness among physicians about unique characteristics of FD to assist clinicians in recognizing FD with a well-established clinical suspicion consistent with pathogenic variants and gender-based heterogeneous clinical manifestations of FD and in translating this information into their clinical practice for best practice in the management of patients with FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ezgu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Metabolism and Division of Pediatric Genetics, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Erkan Alpsoy
- Department of Dermatology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Bicik Bahcebasi
- Clinic of Nephrology, Kartal Dr. Lutfu Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kasapcopur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Palamar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Onay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Omac Tufekcioglu
- University of Health Sciences Department of Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Vaisbich MH, Andrade LGMD, Silva CAB, Barreto FDC. Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Fabry disease in pediatric patients: a document from the Rare Diseases Committee of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (Comdora-SBN). J Bras Nefrol 2022; 44:268-280. [PMID: 35238862 PMCID: PMC9269176 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2021-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Fabry disease (FD) is a genetic disease, with X-chromosome linked inheritance, due to variants in the GLA gene that encodes the α-galactosidase A (α-GAL) enzyme. The purpose of the present study was to create a consensus aiming to standardize the recommendations regarding the renal involvement of FD with guidelines on the diagnosis, screening, and treatment of pediatric patients. This consensus is an initiative of the Rare Diseases Committee (Comdora) of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (SBN). Randomized controlled clinical studies and studies with real-life data added to the authors' experience were considered for this review. The result of this consensus was to help manage patient and physician expectations regarding treatment outcomes. Thus, this consensus document recommends the investigation of the pediatric family members of an index case, as well as cases with suggestive clinical signs. From the diagnosis, assess all possible FD impairments and grade through scales. From an extensive review of the literature including pediatric protocols and particularly evaluating pediatric cases from general studies, it can be concluded that the benefits of early treatment are great, especially in terms of neuropathic pain and renal impairment parameters and outweigh the possible adverse effects that were mainly manifested by infusion reactions.
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Spada M, Baron R, Elliott PM, Falissard B, Hilz MJ, Monserrat L, Tøndel C, Tylki-Szymańska A, Wanner C, Germain DP. The effect of enzyme replacement therapy on clinical outcomes in paediatric patients with Fabry disease - A systematic literature review by a European panel of experts. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:212-223. [PMID: 29785937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fabry disease is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase, resulting in progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (GL-3). The disease can manifest early during childhood and adolescence. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human α-galactosidase is the first specific treatment for Fabry disease and has been available in Europe since 2001. This paper presents the findings of a systematic literature review of clinical outcomes with ERT in paediatric patients with Fabry disease. METHODS A comprehensive systematic review of published literature on ERT in Fabry disease was conducted in January 2017. The literature analysis included all original articles reporting outcomes of ERT in paediatric patients. RESULTS Treatment-related outcomes in the paediatric population were reported in six publications derived from open-label clinical trials and in 10 publications derived from observational or registry-based studies. ERT was shown to significantly reduce plasma and urine GL-3 levels in paediatric patients with Fabry disease. The effect of ERT on GL-3 clearance from renal podocytes appeared to be agalsidase dose-dependent. ERT relieved pain and improved gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Based on the published literature, the use of ERT in paediatric patients can significantly clear GL-3 accumulation, ameliorate the early symptoms of Fabry disease, and improve quality of life. Treatment with ERT in paediatric patients with Fabry disease may be important to prevent further disease progression and overt organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Spada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Ralf Baron
- Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Perry M Elliott
- Barts Heart Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Falissard
- INSERM U1018, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Max J Hilz
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Camilla Tøndel
- Department of Paediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Paediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Division of Nephrology, University Clinic, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominique P Germain
- French Referral Center for Fabry disease, Division of Medical Genetics and INSERM U1179, University of Versailles, Paris-Saclay University, Montigny, France
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Garcia-Quintanilla A, Miranzo-Navarro D. Extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease: 33-mer gliadin binding to glutamate receptor GRINA as a new explanation. Bioessays 2016; 38:427-39. [PMID: 26990286 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We propose a biochemical mechanism for celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity that may rationalize many of the extradigestive disorders not explained by the current immunogenetic model. Our hypothesis is based on the homology between the 33-mer gliadin peptide and a component of the NMDA glutamate receptor ion channel - the human GRINA protein - using BLASTP software. Based on this homology the 33-mer may act as a natural antagonist interfering with the normal interactions of GRINA and its partners. The theory is supported by numerous independent data from the literature, and provides a mechanistic link with otherwise unrelated disorders, such as cleft lip and palate, thyroid dysfunction, restless legs syndrome, depression, ataxia, hearing loss, fibromyalgia, dermatitis herpetiformis, schizophrenia, toxoplasmosis, anemia, osteopenia, Fabry disease, Barret's adenocarcinoma, neuroblastoma, urinary incontinence, recurrent miscarriage, cardiac anomalies, reduced risk of breast cancer, stiff person syndrome, etc. The hypothesis also anticipates better animal models, and has the potential to open new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Domingo Miranzo-Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
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Schuller Y, Linthorst GE, Hollak CEM, Van Schaik IN, Biegstraaten M. Pain management strategies for neuropathic pain in Fabry disease--a systematic review. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:25. [PMID: 26911544 PMCID: PMC4766720 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain is one of the key features of (classical) Fabry disease (FD). No randomized clinical trials comparing effectiveness of different pain management strategies have been performed. This review aims to give an overview of existing pain management strategies. Methods PubMed and Embase were searched up to September 2014 for relevant articles on treatment of neuropathic pain in FD. Results Seven-hundred-thirty-one articles were identified of which 26 were included in the analysis. Studies reported on 55 individuals in total, with group-sizes ranging from 1 to 8. Carbamazepine appeared most beneficial: complete pain relief in 5/25, partial relief in 17/25, and no benefit in 3/25 patients. Phenytoin resulted in complete relief in 1/27, partial relief in 12/27 and no benefit in 6/27 patients. In 8 patients a significant reduction in the frequency of pain attacks was described. Gabapentin caused partial relief in 6/7 and no relief in 1/7 patients. Little evidence was reported for SSNRI’s or treatment combinations. Adverse-effects were reported in all treatment strategies. Conclusions Only for carbamazepine, phenytoin and gabapentin there is evidence of effectiveness in neuropathic pain due to FD, but comparison of effectiveness between these drugs is lacking. In routine clinical practice adverse-effects may discourage use of carbamazepine and phenytoin in favor of second-generation antiepileptic drugs, but this is currently not supported by clinical evidence. This review suffers greatly from incomplete outcome reports and a predominance of case reports, which emphasizes the need for robust clinical trials and observational cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Schuller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, Room F5-166, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - G E Linthorst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, Room F5-166, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - C E M Hollak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, Room F5-166, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - I N Van Schaik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, Room F5-166, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - M Biegstraaten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, Room F5-166, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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Hopkin RJ, Jefferies JL, Laney DA, Lawson VH, Mauer M, Taylor MR, Wilcox WR. The management and treatment of children with Fabry disease: A United States-based perspective. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:104-13. [PMID: 26546059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease is an inherited X-linked disorder that presents during childhood in male and female patients. Young patients may initially experience pain, hypohidrosis, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Other manifestations of Fabry disease, such as renal and cardiac disease, manifest later in adolescence or adulthood. In the pediatric population, renal damage is typically subclinical and identifiable only through biopsy. Specialists from the United States with expertise in Fabry disease convened during 2013-2014 in order to develop these consensus guidelines about the management and treatment of children with Fabry disease. The presence of symptoms in boys and girls of any age is an indication to begin therapy. Early treatment before the onset of potentially irreversible vital organ pathology is ideal. Asymptomatic children with Fabry mutations should be followed closely for the development of renal, cardiac, neurological, or gastrointestinal signs, symptoms, or laboratory changes, which would warrant treatment initiation. A comprehensive care plan should be implemented by the treating physicians to guide the management of children with Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Hopkin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Division of Human Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA.
| | - John L Jefferies
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Division of Human Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA.
| | - Dawn A Laney
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2165 North Decatur Road, Decatur, GA 30033, USA.
| | - Victoria H Lawson
- Ohio State University, 395 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dartmouth College, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756-0001, USA.
| | - Michael Mauer
- University of Minnesota, 100 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Matthew R Taylor
- University of Colorado, 13001 E 17th Pl., Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - William R Wilcox
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Whitehead 305H, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Politei J, Thurberg B, Wallace E, Warnock D, Serebrinsky G, Durand C, Schenone A. Gastrointestinal involvement in Fabry disease. So important, yet often neglected. Clin Genet 2015; 89:5-9. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Politei
- Department of Neurology; Fundación para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Neurometabólicas (FESEN); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - B.L. Thurberg
- Department of Pathology; Genzyme Corporation; Framingham MA USA
| | - E. Wallace
- Department of Medicine; University of Alabama; Birmingham AL USA
| | - D. Warnock
- Department of Medicine; University of Alabama; Birmingham AL USA
| | | | - C. Durand
- Department of Neurology; Fundación para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Neurometabólicas (FESEN); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - A.B. Schenone
- Department of Neurology; Fundación para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Neurometabólicas (FESEN); Buenos Aires Argentina
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Vujasinovic M, Tepes B, Vujkovac B, Cokan Vujkovac A, Tretjak M, Korat V. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is not a cause of abdominal complaints in patients with Fabry disease. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2015; 127:931-4. [PMID: 25835592 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-015-0731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Maixnerová D, Tesař V, Ryšavá R, Reiterová J, Poupětová H, Dvořáková L, Goláň L, Neprašová M, Kidorová J, Merta M, Honsová E. The coincidence of IgA nephropathy and Fabry disease. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14:6. [PMID: 23305247 PMCID: PMC3549770 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis, which may also coexist with other diseases. We present two patients with an unusual coincidence of IgAN and Fabry disease (FD). Case presentation A 26 year-old man underwent a renal biopsy in February 2001. Histopathology showed very advanced IgAN and vascular changes as a result of hypertension. Because of his progressive renal insufficiency the patient began hemodialysis in August 2001. By means of the blood spot test screening method the diagnosis of FD was suspected. Low activity of alpha-galactosidase A in the patient’s plasma and leukocytes and DNA analysis confirmed the diagnosis of FD. Enzyme replacement therapy started in July 2004. Then the patient underwent kidney transplantation in November 2005. Currently, his actual serum creatinine level is 250 μmol/l. Other organ damages included hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, neuropathic pain and febrile crisis. After enzyme replacement therapy, myocardial hypertrophy has stabilized and other symptoms have disappeared. No further progression of the disease has been noted. The other patient, a 30 year-old woman, suffered from long-term hematuria with a good renal function. Recently, proteinuria (2.6 g/day) appeared and a renal biopsy was performed. Histopathology showed IgAN with remarkably enlarged podocytes. A combination of IgAN and a high suspicion of FD was diagnosed. Electron microscopy revealed dense deposits in paramesangial areas typical for IgAN and podocytes with inclusive zebra bodies and myelin figures characteristic of FD. FD was confirmed by the decreased alpha-galactosidase A activity in plasma and leukocytes and by DNA and RNA analysis. Enzyme replacement therapy and family screening were initiated. Conclusions Our results emphasize the role of complexity in the process of diagnostic evaluation of kidney biopsy samples. Electron microscopy represents an integral part of histopathology, and genetic analysis plays a more and more important role in the final diagnosis, which is followed by causal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Maixnerová
- Department of Nephrology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Sagaert X, Tousseyn T, De Hertogh G, Geboes K. Macrophage-related diseases of the gut: a pathologist's perspective. Virchows Arch 2012; 460:555-67. [PMID: 22576700 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The resident macrophages of the gastrointestinal tract represent the largest population of macrophages in the human body and are usually located in the subepithelial lamina propria. This strategic location guarantees a first-line defense to the huge numbers of potentially harmful bacteria and antigenic stimuli that are present in the intestinal lumen. In non-inflamed mucosa, macrophages phagocytose and kill microbes in the absence of an inflammatory response. However, in the event of an epithelial breach and/or microbial invasion, new circulating monocytes and lymphocytes will be recruited to the damaged area of the gut, which will result in the secretion of proinflammatory mediators and engage a protective inflammatory response. Although macrophages are usually not conspicuous in normal mucosal samples of the gut, they can easily be detected when they accumulate exogenous particulate material or endogenous substances or when they become very numerous. These events will mostly occur in pathologic conditions, and this review presents an overview of the diseases which are either mediated by or affecting the resident macrophages of the gut.
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Invernizzi P, Bonometti MA, Turri E, Benedetti MD, Salviati A. A case of Fabry disease with central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating lesions: a double trouble? Mult Scler 2008; 14:1003-6. [PMID: 18632784 DOI: 10.1177/1352458508092355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of a 36-year-old woman affected with Fabry disease (FD), with neuroradiologic and laboratory tests suggestive of a coexistent inflammatory demyelinating disease. Since the age of 23, she presented recurrent neurologic deficits, such as right limb paresthesias, diplopia, and right leg weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple demyelinating lesions in periventricular areas, corpus callosum, and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed the presence of oligoclonal bands, while visual-evoked potentials were delayed with preserved morphology. FD is usually considered as a differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, but we think that the best explanation of all pathological features in this case is the coexistence of the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Invernizzi
- Department of Neurological Sciences and Vision, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Feriozzi S, Torre ES, Ranalli TV, Cardello P, Morrone A, Ancarani E. A diagnosis of Fabry gastrointestinal disease by chance: a case report. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 19:163-5. [PMID: 17273003 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e32800fef46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A. This determines an accumulation of globotriaosylceramide within lysosomes. The clinical picture is highly variable and depends on cellular storage deposition. Renal, cardiac and nervous system are the most frequent organs involved. Gastrointestinal involvement is also present, associated with other clinical signs of Fabry disease and sometimes can be a prominent clinical manifestation. We describe a Fabry disease case in which gastrointestinal involvement was the first and the only clinical sign of Fabry disease and a diagnosis of Fabry disease was made by chance during a family screening. Enzyme replacement therapy was started and after 3 months, there was a complete disappearance of signs.
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Whybra C, Schwarting A, Kriegsmann J, Gal A, Mengel E, Kampmann C, Baehner F, Schaefer E, Beck M. IgA nephropathy in two adolescent sisters heterozygous for Fabry disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2006; 21:1251-6. [PMID: 16838183 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-006-0176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a 16-year-old girl and her one-year-younger sister, both heterozygous for the c.34del24 mutation of the GLA (alpha-galactosidase A) gene, which they inherited from their father who is affected by Fabry disease (FD). Both girls presented with macrohematuria and rapidly progressing proteinuria. Urine analysis revealed glomerular hematuria and a nephrotic range of proteinuria suggesting a concomitant glomerulonephritis. Light microscopy of kidney biopsy was characteristic of IgA nephropathy (IgA deposits in mesangial areas and glomerular capillary loops, and mesangial hypercellularity), whereas electron microscopy showed changes typical of Fabry disease (multiple osmiophilic inclusions in the subendothelial and mesangial areas). These two cases and similar reports in the literature suggest that IgA nephropathy in FD is not merely coincidental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Whybra
- Children's Hospital, University of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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