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Wang Q, Chen X, Liu X, Gao G, Dong B, Wang Y, Zhong S, Deng J, Fang Q, Zhao H. OfBFT genes play an essential role in the proliferate flower formation of Osmanthus fragrans. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108463. [PMID: 38442625 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Floral organ development is one of the most vital events in flowering plants and is closely related to ornamental properties. The proliferate flower (a new branch or flower occurring in the centre of a flower) in plants is an interesting type, while the specific molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Osmanthus fragrans 'Tianxiang Taige' has two different flower morphologies: normal flower and proliferate flower. Phenotypic observation suggested that a normal flower was composed of calyx, petal, stamen and pistil (reduced to leaf-like carpel). While in proliferate flower, the leaf-like carpel continued to grow and was replaced by a new branch. Paraffin section indicated that the re-growth of leaf carpels might be the main reason for proliferate flower formation. Transcriptome sequencing of normal and proliferate flower was performed, and the expression levels of related genes were analysed. Among the differentially expressed genes, OfBFT-a and OfBFT-b had differential expression during the proliferate flower formation process. The expression patterns revealed that both OfBFT-a and OfBFT-b were highly accumulated in carpels, and were significantly downregulated during the proliferate flower development process. Subcellular localization indicated that OfBFT-a and OfBFT-b proteins were located in the nucleus. Functional studies in 'Tianxiang Taige' and Arabidopsis showed that OfBFT-a and OfBFT-b had important roles in floral organ development, especially the proliferate flower formation process by downregulating the accumulation of AG and SEP3 homologous genes. These results may shed new light on the study of proliferate flower formation and flower morphology breeding in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yiguang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Shiwei Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Qiu Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
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Yamano K, Haseda A, Iwabuchi K, Osabe T, Sudo Y, Pachakkil B, Tanaka K, Suzuki Y, Toyoda A, Hirakawa H, Onodera Y. QTL analysis of femaleness in monoecious spinach and fine mapping of a major QTL using an updated version of chromosome-scale pseudomolecules. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296675. [PMID: 38394294 PMCID: PMC10890751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although spinach is predominantly dioecious, monoecious plants with varying proportions of female and male flowers are also present. Recently, monoecious inbred lines with highly female and male conditions have been preferentially used as parents for F1-hybrids, rather than dioecious lines. Accordingly, identifying the loci for monoecism is an important issue for spinach breeding. We here used long-read sequencing and Hi-C technology to construct SOL_r2.0_pseudomolecule, a set of six pseudomolecules of spinach chromosomes (total length: 879.2 Mb; BUSCO complete 97.0%) that are longer and more genetically complete than our previous version of pseudomolecules (688.0 Mb; 81.5%). Three QTLs, qFem2.1, qFem3.1, and qFem6.1, responsible for monoecism were mapped to SOL_r2.0_pseudomolecule. qFem3.1 had the highest LOD score and corresponded to the M locus, which was previously identified as a determinant of monoecious expression, by genetic analysis of progeny from female and monoecious plants. The other QTLs were shown to modulate the ratio of female to male flowers in monoecious plants harboring a dominant allele of the M gene. Our findings will enable breeders to efficiently produce highly female- and male-monoecious parental lines for F1-hybrids by pyramiding the three QTLs. Through fine-mapping, we narrowed the candidate region for the M locus to a 19.5 kb interval containing three protein-coding genes and one long non-coding RNA gene. Among them, only RADIALIS-like-2a showed a higher expression in the reproductive organs, suggesting that it might play a role in reproductive organogenesis. However, there is no evidence that it is involved in the regulation of stamen and pistil initiation, which are directly related to the floral sex differentiation system in spinach. Given that auxin is involved in reproductive organ formation in many plant species, genes related to auxin transport/response, in addition to floral organ formation, were identified as candidates for regulators of floral sex-differentiation from qFem2.1 and qFem6.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yamano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akane Haseda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Osabe
- School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sudo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Babil Pachakkil
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Faculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Informatics, Tokyo University of Information Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirakawa
- The Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Onodera
- The Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Bobadilla LK, Baek Y, Tranel PJ. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of male and females in the dioecious weeds Amaranthus palmeri and Amaranthus tuberculatus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:339. [PMID: 37365527 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) are two dioecious and important weed species in the world that can rapidly evolve herbicide-resistance traits. Understanding these two species' dioecious and sex-determination mechanisms could open opportunities for new tools to control them. This study aims to identify the differential expression patterns between males and females in A. tuberculatus and A. palmeri. Multiple analyses, including differential expression, co-expression, and promoter analyses, used RNA-seq data from multiple tissue types to identify putative essential genes for sex determination in both dioecious species. RESULTS Genes were identified as potential key players for sex determination in A. palmeri. Genes PPR247, WEX, and ACD6 were differentially expressed between the sexes and located at scaffold 20 within or near the male-specific Y (MSY) region. Multiple genes involved with flower development were co-expressed with these three genes. For A. tuberculatus, no differentially expressed gene was identified within the MSY region; however, multiple autosomal class B and C genes were identified as differentially expressed and possible candidate genes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study comparing the global expression profile between males and females in dioecious weedy Amaranthus species. Results narrow down putative essential genes for sex-determination in A. palmeri and A. tuberculatus and also strengthen the hypothesis of two different evolutionary events for dioecy within the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas K Bobadilla
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yousoon Baek
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Patrick J Tranel
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Purwestri YA, Lee YS, Meehan C, Mose W, Susanto FA, Wijayanti P, Fauzia AN, Nuringtyas TR, Hussain N, Putra HL, Gutierrez-Marcos J. RWP-RK Domain 3 (OsRKD3) induces somatic embryogenesis in black rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:202. [PMID: 37076789 PMCID: PMC10114336 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants have the unique capability to form embryos from both gametes and somatic cells, with the latter process known as somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) can be induced by exposing plant tissues to exogenous growth regulators or by the ectopic activation of embryogenic transcription factors. Recent studies have revealed that a discrete group of RWP-RK DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN (RKD) transcription factors act as key regulators of germ cell differentiation and embryo development in land plants. The ectopic overexpression of reproductive RKDs is associated with increased cellular proliferation and the formation of somatic embryo-like structures that bypass the need for exogenous growth regulators. However, the precise molecular mechanisms implicated in the induction of somatic embryogenesis by RKD transcription factors remains unknown. RESULTS In silico analyses have identified a rice RWP-RK transcription factor, named Oryza sativa RKD3 (OsRKD3), which is closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana RKD4 (AtRKD4) and Marchantia polymorpha RKD (MpRKD) proteins. Our study demonstrates that the ectopic overexpression of OsRKD3, which is expressed preferentially in reproductive tissues, can trigger the formation of somatic embryos in an Indonesian black rice landrace (Cempo Ireng) that is normally resistant to somatic embryogenesis. By analyzing the transcriptome of induced tissue, we identified 5,991 genes that exhibit differential expression in response to OsRKD3 induction. Among these genes, 50% were up-regulated while the other half were down-regulated. Notably, approximately 37.5% of the up-regulated genes contained a sequence motif in their promoter region, which was also observed in RKD targets from Arabidopsis. Furthermore, OsRKD3 was shown to mediate the transcriptional activation of a discrete gene network, which includes several transcription factors such as APETALA 2-like (AP2-like)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF), MYB and CONSTANS-like (COL), and chromatin remodeling factors associated with hormone signal transduction, stress responses and post-embryonic pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that OsRKD3 modulates an extensive gene network and its activation is associated with the initiation of a somatic embryonic program that facilitates genetic transformation in black rice. These findings hold substantial promise for improving crop productivity and advancing agricultural practices in black rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekti Asih Purwestri
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Utara, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281.
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281.
| | - Yang-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Cathal Meehan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Windi Mose
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Utara, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Febri Adi Susanto
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Utara, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Putri Wijayanti
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Anisa Nazera Fauzia
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Utara, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Tri Rini Nuringtyas
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Utara, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Nosheen Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Hadi Lanang Putra
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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Jiang L, Geng D, Zhi F, Li Z, Yang Y, Wang Y, Shen X, Liu X, Yang Y, Xu Y, Tang Y, Du R, Ma F, Guan Q, Zhang J. A genome-wide association study provides insights into fatty acid synthesis and metabolism in Malus fruits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7467-7476. [PMID: 36112134 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a precursor of aromatic compounds, fatty acids play important roles in apple fruit quality; however, the genetic and molecular basis underlying fatty acid synthesis and metabolism is largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of seven fatty acids using genomic data of 149 Malus accessions and identified 232 significant signals (-log10P>5) associated with 99 genes from GWAS of four fatty acids across 2 years. Among these, a significant GWAS signal associated with linoleic acid was identified in the transcriptional regulator SUPERMAN-like (SUP) MD13G1209600 at chromosome 13 of M. × domestica. Transient overexpression of MdSUP increased the contents of linoleic and linolenic acids and of three aromatic components in the fruit. Our study provides genetic and molecular information for improving the flavor and nutritional value of apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dali Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fang Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yusen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiuyun Liu
- Institute of Vocational Technology, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yanqing Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yange Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanlong Tang
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Xu W, Zhu W, Yang L, Liang W, Li H, Yang L, Chen M, Luo Z, Huang G, Duan L, Dreni L, Zhang D. SMALL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS, a SUPERMAN-like transcription factor, regulates stamen and pistil growth in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1701-1718. [PMID: 34761379 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organ size is determined mainly by cell division and cell expansion. Several genetic factors regulating development of plant lateral organs have been characterized, but those involved in determining reproductive organ size and separation in rice (Oryza sativa) remain unknown. We have isolated the rice gene SMALL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS (SRO) encoding a nucleus-localized Cys2His2 (C2 H2 ) zinc finger protein orthologous to Arabidopsis transcription factor (TF) SUPERMAN (SUP). Combined developmental, genetic, histological and transcriptomic analyses were used to determine the function of SRO in regulating reproductive organ size. SRO affects genes involved in cell division, cell expansion and phytohormone signalling in the rice flower. SRO is specifically expressed in the first stages of stamen filament development to regulate their correct formation and separation. In addition, SRO noncell-autonomously regulates the size and functionality of male and female reproductive organs. The B-class MADS-box gene OsMADS16/SPW1 is epistatic to SRO, whereas SRO regulates reproductive organ specification and floral meristem determinacy synergistically with C-class genes OsMADS3 and OsMADS58. These findings provide insights into how an evolutionarily conserved TF has a pivotal role in reproductive organ development in core eudicots and monocots, through partially conserved expression, function and regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanwan Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhijing Luo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ludovico Dreni
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
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7
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Fei X, Lei Y, Qi Y, Wang S, Hu H, Wei A. Small RNA sequencing provides candidate miRNA-target pairs for revealing the mechanism of apomixis in Zanthoxylum bungeanum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:178. [PMID: 33849456 PMCID: PMC8042946 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that produces offspring without the need for combining male and female gametes, and the offspring have the same genetic makeup as the mother. Therefore, apomixis technology has great application potential in plant breeding. To identify the apomixis types and critical period, embryonic development at different flower development stages of Zanthoxylum bungeanum was observed by cytology. RESULTS The results show that the S3 stage is the critical period of apomixis, during which the nucellar cells develop into an adventitious primordial embryo. Cytological observations showed that the type of apomixis in Z. bungeanum is sporophytic apomixis. Furthermore, miRNA sequencing, miRNA-target gene interaction, dual luciferase reporter assay, and RT-qPCR verification were used to reveal the dynamic regulation of miRNA-target pairs in Z. bungeanum apomixis. The miRNA sequencing identified 96 mature miRNAs, of which 40 were known and 56 were novel. Additionally, 29 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened according to the miRNAs expression levels at the different developmental stages. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses showed that the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, RNA biosynthetic process, and response to hormone pathways. CONCLUSIONS During the critical period of apomictic embryonic development, miR172c significantly reduces the expression levels of TOE3 and APETALA 2 (AP2) genes, thereby upregulating the expression of the AGAMOUS gene. A molecular regulation model of miRNA-target pairs was constructed based on their interactions and expression patterns to further understand the role of miRNA-target pairs in apomixis. Our data suggest that miR172c may regulates AGAMOUS expression by inhibiting TOE3 in the critical period of apomixis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitong Fei
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Yu Lei
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Yichen Qi
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Shujie Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Haichao Hu
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Anzhi Wei
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, 712100, China.
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China.
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8
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Liang J, Guan P, Liu Z, Wang Y, Xing J, Hu J. The VvSUPERMAN-like Gene Is Differentially Expressed between Bicarpellate and Tricarpellate Florets of Vitis vinifera L. Cv. 'Xiangfei' and Its Heterologous Expression Reduces Carpel Number in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1760-1774. [PMID: 32761091 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multicarpellate fruits are larger and produce more seeds than mono- or bicarpellate fruits, enhancing the reproductive capacity of the plant. To identify the phenotypic and molecular differences among florets of different carpel types, we studied carpel formation and fusion in the grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivar 'Xiangfei', which produces a high proportion of multicarpellate fruit. We also determined the function of VvSUPERMAN-like (VvSUP-like) and explored its relationship with VvWUS (VvWUSCHEL) and VvAG1 (VvAGAMOUS), which is related to the formation of carpel primordia. We showed that carpel formation and fusion were largely consistent between bicarpellate and tricarpellate ovaries, which both involve congenital fusion; rather, the differences between these ovary types arose from variation in carpel primordia number and location. Transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants expressing VvSUP-like produced significantly fewer carpels and other floral organs than the wild type. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing results indicate that VvSUP-like was more highly expressed in bicarpellate than in tricarpellate 'Xiangfei' florets. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that VvSUP-like inhibits the expression of VvAG1 and VvWUS by directly binding to their promoters, and VvWUS promotes VvAG1 expression by directly binding to its promoter. VvSUP-like inhibits the feedback signaling between VvWUS and VvAG1. Together, these results suggest that VvSUP-like negatively regulates the number of carpels that develop by inhibiting VvAG1 and VvWUS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Liang
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Pingyin Guan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jiayi Xing
- Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jianfang Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094, China
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9
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Wei Y, Jin J, Yao X, Lu C, Zhu G, Yang F. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Clues into leaf-like flower mutant in Chinese orchid Cymbidium ensifolium. PLANT DIVERSITY 2020; 42:92-101. [PMID: 32373767 PMCID: PMC7195592 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The floral morphology of Cymbidium ensifolium, a well-known orchid in China, has increasingly attracted horticultural and commercial attention. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate flower development defects in C. ensifolium mutants are poorly understood. In this work, we examined a domesticated variety of C. ensifolium named 'CuiYuMuDan', or leaf-like flower mutant, which lacks typical characteristics of orchid floral organs but continues to produce sepal-to leaf-like structures along the inflorescence. We used comparative transcriptome analysis to identify 6234 genes that are differentially expressed between mutant and wild-type flowers. The majority of these differentially expressed genes are involved in membrane-building, anabolism regulation, and plant hormone signal transduction, implying that in the leaf-like mutant these processes play roles in the development of flower defects. In addition, we identified 152 differentially expressed transcription factors, including the bHLH, MYB, MIKC, and WRKY gene families. Moreover, we found 20 differentially expressed genes that are commonly involved in flower development, including MADS-box genes, CLAVATA3 (CLV3), WUSCHEL (WUS), and PERIANTHIA (PAN). Among them, floral homeotic genes were further investigated by phylogenetic analysis and expression validation, which displayed distinctive spatial expression patterns and significant changes between the wild type and the mutant. This is the first report on the C. ensifolium leaf-like flower mutant transcriptome. Our results shed light on the molecular regulation of orchid flower development, and may improve our understanding of floral patterning regulation and advance molecular breeding of Chinese orchids.
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10
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Wang Y, Kumaishi K, Suzuki T, Ichihashi Y, Yamaguchi N, Shirakawa M, Ito T. Morphological and Physiological Framework Underlying Plant Longevity in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:600726. [PMID: 33224176 PMCID: PMC7674609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.600726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Monocarpic plants have a single reproductive phase, in which their longevity is developmentally programmed by molecular networks. In the reproductive phase of Arabidopsis thaliana, the inflorescence meristem (IM) maintains a central pool of stem cells and produces a limited number of flower primordia, which result in seed formation and the death of the whole plant. In this study, we observed morphological changes in the IM at cellular and intracellular resolutions until the end of the plant life cycle. We observed four biological events during the periods from 1 week after bolting (WAB) till the death of stem cells: (1) the gradual reduction in the size of the IM, (2) the dynamic vacuolation of IM cells, (3) the loss of the expression of the stem cell determinant WUSCHEL (WUS), and (4) the upregulation of the programmed cell death marker BIFUNCTIONAL NUCLEASE1 (BFN1) in association with the death of stem cells. These results indicate that the stem cell population gradually decreases in IM during plant aging and eventually is fully terminated. We further show that the expression of WUS became undetectable in IM at 3 WAB prior to the loss of CLAVATA3 (CLV3) expression at 5 WAB; CLV3 is a negative regulator of WUS. Moreover, clv3 plants showed delayed loss of WUS and lived 6 weeks longer compared with wild-type plants. These results indicated that the prolonged expression of CLV3 at 4-5 WAB may be a safeguard that inhibits the reactivation of WUS and promotes plant death. Finally, through transcriptome analysis, we determined that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the control of plant longevity. Our work presents a morphological and physiological framework for the regulation of plant longevity in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Wang
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Kie Kumaishi
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ichihashi
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Makoto Shirakawa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- *Correspondence: Makoto Shirakawa,
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- Toshiro Ito,
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11
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Xin GL, Liu JQ, Liu J, Ren XL, Du XM, Liu WZ. Anatomy and RNA-Seq reveal important gene pathways regulating sex differentiation in a functionally Androdioecious tree, Tapiscia sinensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:554. [PMID: 31842763 PMCID: PMC6915933 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gametogenesis is a key step in the production of ovules or pollen in higher plants. The sex-determination aspects of gametogenesis have been well characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis. However, little is known about this process in androdioecious plants. Tapiscia sinensis Oliv. is a functionally androdioecious tree, with both male and hermaphroditic individuals. Hermaphroditic flowers (HFs) are female-fertile flowers that can produce functional pollen and set fruits. However, compared with male flowers (MFs), the pollen viability and number of pollen grains per flower are markedly reduced in HFs. MFs are female-sterile flowers that fail to set fruit and that eventually drop. RESULTS Compared with HF, a notable cause of MF female sterility in T. sinensis is when the early gynoecium meristem is disrupted. During the early stage of HF development (stage 6), the ring meristem begins to form as a ridge around the center of the flower. At this stage, the internal fourth-whorl organ is stem-like rather than carpelloid in MF. A total of 52,945 unigenes were identified as transcribed in MF and HF. A number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolic pathways were detected as involved in the development of the gynoecium, especially the ovule, carpel and style. At the early gynoecium development stage, DEGs were shown to function in the metabolic pathways regulating ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction (upstream regulator), auxin, cytokinin transport and signalling, and sex determination (or flower meristem identity). CONCLUSIONS Pathways for the female sterility model were initially proposed to shed light on the molecular mechanisms of gynoecium development at early stages in T. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Liang Xin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Jia-Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiao-Long Ren
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiao-Min Du
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Wen-Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
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12
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Lee ZH, Tatsumi Y, Ichihashi Y, Suzuki T, Shibata A, Shirasu K, Yamaguchi N, Ito T. CRABS CLAW and SUPERMAN Coordinate Hormone-, Stress-, and Metabolic-Related Gene Expression During Arabidopsis Stamen Development. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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13
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Lyu T, Hu Z, Liu W, Cao J. Arabidopsis Cys 2/His 2 zinc-finger protein MAZ1 is essential for intine formation and exine pattern. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:299-305. [PMID: 31427085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cys2/His2 zinc-finger protein (C2H2-ZFP) is widely involved in the reproductive development of plants, but its role in pollen development is still elusive. Here, we identified a pollen-related C2H2-ZFP gene named as MALE FERTILITY-ASSOCIATED ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 1 (MAZ1), which was first isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. MAZ1 showed a preferential expression pattern in early anther development. Its mutation resulted in aberrant primexine deposition at the tetrad stage, followed by a defective multiple-layer pattern of exine with irregular baculum and no tectum. Furthermore, microspore development was arrested, and no intine layer was formed. These developmental defects led to fertility reduction and pollen abortion. This study reveals the essential role of MAZ1 in pollen wall development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Lyu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Ziwei Hu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Weimiao Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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14
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Wu J, Ichihashi Y, Suzuki T, Shibata A, Shirasu K, Yamaguchi N, Ito T. Abscisic acid-dependent histone demethylation during postgermination growth arrest in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2198-2214. [PMID: 30859592 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
After germination, seedlings undergo growth arrest in response to unfavourable conditions, a critical adaptation enabling plants to survive harsh environments. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in this arrest. To arrest growth, ABA-dependent transcription factors change gene expression patterns in a flexible and reversible manner. Although the control of gene expression has important roles in growth arrest, the epigenetic mechanisms in the response to ABA are not fully understood. Here, we show that the histone demethylases JUMONJI-C domain-containing protein 30 (JMJ30) and JMJ32 control ABA-mediated growth arrest in Arabidopsis thaliana. During the postgermination stage (2-3 days after germination), the ABA-dependent transcription factor ABA-insensitive3 (ABI3) activates the expression of JMJ30 in response to ABA. JMJ30 then removes a repressive histone mark, H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), from the SNF1-related protein kinase 2.8 (SnRK2.8) promoter, and hence activates SnRK2.8 expression. SnRK2.8 encodes a kinase that activates ABI3 and is responsible for JMJ30- and JMJ32-mediated growth arrest. A feed-forward loop involving the ABI3 transcription factor, JMJ histone demethylases, and the SnRK2.8 kinase fine-tunes ABA-dependent growth arrest in the postgermination phase. Our findings highlight the importance of the histone demethylases in mediating adaptation of plants to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wu
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ichihashi
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi-shi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Arisa Shibata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi-shi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
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15
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Xu Y, Yamaguchi N, Gan ES, Ito T. When to stop: an update on molecular mechanisms of floral meristem termination. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1711-1718. [PMID: 30916342 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Flowers have fascinated humans for millennia, not only because of their beauty, but also because they give rise to fruits, from which most agricultural products are derived. In most angiosperms, the number and position of floral organs are morphologically and genetically defined, and their development is tightly controlled by complex regulatory networks to ensure reproductive success. How flower development is temporally initiated and spatially maintained has been widely researched. As the flower develops, the balance between proliferation and differentiation dynamically shifts towards organogenesis and termination of floral stem cell maintenance. In this review, we focus on recent findings that further reveal the intricate molecular mechanisms for precise timing of floral meristem termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Plant Stem Cell Regulation and Floral Patterning Laboratory, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Plant Stem Cell Regulation and Floral Patterning Laboratory, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Toshiro Ito
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Biological Sciences, Plant Stem Cell Regulation and Floral Patterning Laboratory, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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16
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Zúñiga-Mayo VM, Gómez-Felipe A, Herrera-Ubaldo H, de Folter S. Gynoecium development: networks in Arabidopsis and beyond. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1447-1460. [PMID: 30715461 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Life has always found a way to preserve itself. One strategy that has been developed for this purpose is sexual reproduction. In land plants, the gynoecium is considered to be at the top of evolutionary innovation, since it has been a key factor in the success of the angiosperms. The gynoecium is composed of carpels with different tissues that need to develop and differentiate in the correct way. In order to control and guide gynoecium development, plants have adapted elements of pre-existing gene regulatory networks (GRNs) but new ones have also evolved. The GRNs can interact with internal factors (e.g. hormones and other metabolites) and external factors (e.g. mechanical signals and temperature) at different levels, giving robustness and flexibility to gynoecium development. Here, we review recent findings regarding the role of cytokinin-auxin crosstalk and the genes that connect these hormonal pathways during early gynoecium development. We also discuss some examples of internal and external factors that can modify GRNs. Finally, we make a journey through the flowering plant lineage to determine how conserved are these GRNs that regulate gynoecium and fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Zúñiga-Mayo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Guanajuato, México
| | - Andrea Gómez-Felipe
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Guanajuato, México
| | - Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Guanajuato, México
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Guanajuato, México
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17
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Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the floral meristem is essential for the production of floral organs. The floral meristem is initially maintained to contribute cells for floral organ formation. However, this stem cell activity needs be completely terminated at a certain floral developmental stage to ensure the proper development of floral reproductive organs. Here, we have reviewed recent findings on the complex regulation of floral meristem activities, which involve signaling cascades, transcriptional regulation, epigenetic mechanisms and hormonal control for floral meristem determinacy in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- CONTACT Bo Sun State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Yamaguchi N, Huang J, Tatsumi Y, Abe M, Sugano SS, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Kiba T, Yokoyama R, Nishitani K, Sakakibara H, Ito T. Chromatin-mediated feed-forward auxin biosynthesis in floral meristem determinacy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5290. [PMID: 30538233 PMCID: PMC6289996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In flowering plants, the switch from floral stem cell maintenance to gynoecium (female structure) formation is a critical developmental transition for reproductive success. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AGAMOUS (AG) terminates floral stem cell activities to trigger this transition. Although CRABS CLAW (CRC) is a direct target of AG, previous research has not identified any common targets. Here, we identify an auxin synthesis gene, YUCCA4 (YUC4) as a common direct target. Ectopic YUC4 expression partially rescues the indeterminate phenotype and cell wall defects that are caused by the crc mutation. The feed-forward YUC4 activation by AG and CRC directs a precise change in chromatin state for the shift from floral stem cell maintenance to gynoecium formation. We also showed that two auxin-related direct CRC targets, YUC4 and TORNADO2, cooperatively contribute to the termination of floral stem cell maintenance. This finding provides new insight into the CRC-mediated auxin homeostasis regulation for proper gynoecium formation. In Arabidopsis, the AG and CRC transcription factors terminate floral stem cells and allow the emergence of female floral organs. Here the authors show that AG and CRC form a feed-forward loop that controls local auxin biosynthesis via induction of YUCCA4 to ensure successful gynoecium formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Jiangbo Huang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yoshitaka Tatsumi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masato Abe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shigeo S Sugano
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.,Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nishitani
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
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19
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Lyu T, Cao J. Cys₂/His₂ Zinc-Finger Proteins in Transcriptional Regulation of Flower Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2589. [PMID: 30200325 PMCID: PMC6164605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flower development is the core of higher-plant ontogenesis and is controlled by complex gene regulatory networks. Cys₂/His₂ zinc-finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) constitute one of the largest transcription factor families and are highly involved in transcriptional regulation of flowering induction, floral organ morphogenesis, and pollen and pistil maturation. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of C2H2-ZFPs has been gradually revealed only in recent years. During flowering induction, C2H2-ZFPs can modify the chromatin of FLOWERING LOCUS C, thereby providing additional insights into the quantification of transcriptional regulation caused by chromatin regulation. C2H2-ZFPs are involved in cell division and proliferation in floral organ development and are associated with hormonal regulation, thereby revealing how a flower is partitioned into four developmentally distinct whorls. The studies reviewed in this work integrate the information from the endogenous, hormonal, and environmental regulation of flower development. The structure of C2H2-ZFPs determines their function as transcriptional regulators. The findings indicate that C2H2-ZFPs play a crucial role in flower development. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure, expression, and function of C2H2-ZFPs and discuss their molecular mechanism in flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Lyu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Xu Y, Prunet N, Gan ES, Wang Y, Stewart D, Wellmer F, Huang J, Yamaguchi N, Tatsumi Y, Kojima M, Kiba T, Sakakibara H, Jack TP, Meyerowitz EM, Ito T. SUPERMAN regulates floral whorl boundaries through control of auxin biosynthesis. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201797499. [PMID: 29764982 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper floral patterning, including the number and position of floral organs in most plant species, is tightly controlled by the precise regulation of the persistence and size of floral meristems (FMs). In Arabidopsis, two known feedback pathways, one composed of WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) and the other composed of AGAMOUS (AG) and WUS, spatially and temporally control floral stem cells, respectively. However, mounting evidence suggests that other factors, including phytohormones, are also involved in floral meristem regulation. Here, we show that the boundary gene SUPERMAN (SUP) bridges floral organogenesis and floral meristem determinacy in another pathway that involves auxin signaling. SUP interacts with components of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and fine-tunes local auxin signaling by negatively regulating the expression of the auxin biosynthesis genes YUCCA1/4 (YUC1/4). In sup mutants, derepressed local YUC1/4 activity elevates auxin levels at the boundary between whorls 3 and 4, which leads to an increase in the number and the prolonged maintenance of floral stem cells, and consequently an increase in the number of reproductive organs. Our work presents a new floral meristem regulatory mechanism, in which SUP, a boundary gene, coordinates floral organogenesis and floral meristem size through fine-tuning auxin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory (TLL), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Plant Stem Cell Regulation and Floral Patterning Laboratory, Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Nathanaël Prunet
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Eng-Seng Gan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory (TLL), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory (TLL), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darragh Stewart
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Frank Wellmer
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jiangbo Huang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory (TLL), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Plant Stem Cell Regulation and Floral Patterning Laboratory, Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tatsumi
- Plant Stem Cell Regulation and Floral Patterning Laboratory, Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Thomas P Jack
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Elliot M Meyerowitz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory (TLL), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore .,Plant Stem Cell Regulation and Floral Patterning Laboratory, Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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