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Sheng L, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Hua H, Zhou J, Ye L. Fear of cancer recurrence and associated factors in family caregivers of patients with hematologic malignancy receiving chemotherapy: A latent profile analysis. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2024; 11:100382. [PMID: 38495640 PMCID: PMC10940887 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2024.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study identified the potential subgroups of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) in family caregivers (FCs) of patients with hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy, as well as exploring factors associated with subgroups. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 206 pairs of participating patients with hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy and their FCs. Using Mplus 8.3 to perform the latent profile analysis of FCs' FCR, the FCs' burden, quality of life, psychological resilience, and anxiety as well as their demographic characteristics were compared between the subgroups, with a logistic regression analysis being applied to examine the factors associated with the FCR subgroups. Results A total of 206 FCs were classified into two subgroups: "a low level of FCR" (Class 1, 65.4%) and "a high level of FCR" (Class 2, 34.6%). Quality of life, anxiety, and frequency of chemotherapy were significantly associated with the two subgroups. Conclusions FCs of patients with hematologic malignancy receiving chemotherapy had two FCR subgroups, "a low level of FCR" and "a high level of FCR", in association with quality of life, anxiety, and frequency of chemotherapy. These findings provide the theoretical foundations for screening the FCR factor of FCs and conducting interventions for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sheng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yajiao Liu
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Hua
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingfen Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Long Ye
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Park SH. Socioeconomic inequality of health-related quality of life in cancer survivors in South Korea. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:139. [PMID: 38289479 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the inequalities in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among cancer survivors in Korea, focusing on income and education levels. The slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were utilized to analyze these disparities. METHODS Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 2007 and 2021 was analyzed. The HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D questionnaire, which included five problem areas: mobility, self-care, usual activity, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Logistic regression was employed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for each education and income level, indicating the probability of reporting problems. Furthermore, the slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were calculated to evaluate the inequalities in HRQoL. RESULTS Among the 3396 cancer survivors, a considerable proportion reported pain/discomfort (29.6%) and mobility problems (21.1%). The logistic regression results demonstrated a higher likelihood of experiencing problems in all five EQ-5D items among individuals with lower income or education levels. Specifically, compared to the high-income group, the adjusted ORs for mobility problems were 2.19, 1.64, and 1.08 for the low, low-medium, and medium-high-income groups, respectively (p-value < 0.05). Notably, significant income inequalities in HRQoL problems were observed, with the greatest disparities seen in self-care and usual activity problems, as indicated by the SII and RII values. CONCLUSION Socioeconomic disparities in HRQoL exist among cancer survivors in Korea, particularly related to income levels. Addressing the financial burdens of cancer treatment for individuals with low-income levels may help improve their HRQoL and mitigate these inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Park
- Division of New Health Technology Assessment, Innovation Health Technology Assessment, National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, 3-5F, Neungdong-Ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Liu S, Zhang Y, Miao Q, Zhang X, Jiang X, Chang T, Li X. The Mediating Role of Self-Perceived Burden Between Social Support and Fear of Progression in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3623-3633. [PMID: 37693331 PMCID: PMC10488562 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s424844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the mechanism of social support and fear of progression (FoP) in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and the self-perceived burden that acts as a mediator between social support and FoP. Patients and Methods Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS), and the Fear of Progression-Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF) were used. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the mediating role of self-perceived burden. Results Our results showed that social support was negatively related to the self-perceived burden (r = -0.28, p < 0.001) and FoP (r = -0.37, p < 0.001). Moreover, we determined that self-perceived burden was positively related to FoP (r = 0.58, p < 0.001) and that the indirect effect of social support on FoP via self-perceived burden was significant (β = -0.172, 95% CI: -0.253, -0.097), and with a mediating effect value of 36.9%. Conclusion The FoP in RTRs is a concern. Higher social support and lower self-perceived burden can reduce the risk of FoP. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) should assist RTRs in correctly evaluating an individual's social support system, helping them optimize social support to reduce the self-perceived burden and the development of FoP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Miao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Chang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
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Marco JH, Castejón J, Isern C, Grau L, Pérez Rodríguez S. Longitudinal evolution of meaning in life and its relationship with coping strategies in Spanish patients with a breast cancer diagnosis. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:424. [PMID: 37358665 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in Meaning in life (MIL) have been shown to be particularly important when people face very stressful events such as receiving a cancer diagnosis and treatment. Active coping strategies have been related to higher levels of MIL in people with a diagnosis of cancer. OBJECTIVE To explore the evolution of MIL in a sample of cancer patients at the time of their diagnosis and three, six, and nine months after surgery, and identify the association between coping strategies three months after diagnosis (T2) and levels of MIL at the different moments in the cancer process (T1-T4). METHODS We assessed MIL at diagnosis and three, six, and nine months after surgery, and coping strategies (fighting spirit, anxious preoccupation, hopelessness, fatalism, and cognitive avoidance) three months after surgery, in 115 women with a diagnosis of Stage I-III breast cancer. RESULTS We found higher levels of MIL nine months after surgery, compared to previous stages. MIL correlated significantly and positively with a fighting spirit and cognitive avoidance, and negatively with hopelessness and anxious preoccupation. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of coping in relation to meaning-making processes in cancer. Meaning-centred interventions could help patients who are in the process of coping with cancer to make sense of their lives and the experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose H Marco
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Castejón
- Hospital Clínica Benidorm, Alicante, Spain
- Escuela de doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Lola Grau
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Therapeutic Interventions, Universidad Catolica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez Rodríguez
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Mao Y, Huang L, Ruan H, Guo Y, Ni S, Ling Y. Patients' experience with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for DLBCL in China: a qualitative study. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:303. [PMID: 37099077 PMCID: PMC10131511 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The experiences of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have received little attention. This study aimed to explore the treatment experiences of patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell lymphoma during CAR T-cell therapy in China. METHODS This descriptive qualitative study was conducted using face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 21 DLBCL patients 0-2 years after CAR-T infusion. Two researchers independently coded the interviews in MAXQDA 2022, and the original data were analyzed by conventional content analysis. RESULTS Four themes emerged from the transcripts: (1) physiological distress, (2) functional impacts, (3) psychological experience, and (4) support requirement. Participants expressed 29 short-term or long-term symptoms related to their disease and treatment, influencing their daily life and function in a social setting. The participants expressed different negative emotions, polarized expectations about efficacy, and over-reliance on authoritative medical care. Their major concerns and hopes were achieving life goals, being treated with respect, obtaining more information about CAR T-cell therapy, and receiving government financial sponsorship. CONCLUSIONS The patients experienced short-term and long-term symptoms of physical distress. Patients who have experienced failure in CAR T-cell therapy also experience strong negative emotions, such as dependency and guilt. They also require authentic spiritual and financial information that is authentic. Our study may guide the development of standardized and comprehensive nursing care for R/R DLBCL patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Mao
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, China
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Haitao Ruan
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sha Ni
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, China
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuying Ling
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, Strand, London, UK
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Jo E, Kim S, Lee H, Lee S. Correlates of quality of life in South Korean patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation based on the symptom management model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19679. [PMID: 36385163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has led to higher survival rates, the number of patients experiencing adverse reactions is also increasing. Based on the symptom management model, we aimed to analyze the relationships between symptom experience, symptom management strategies, self-management behavior, and quality of life among patients undergoing HSCT in South Korea and to identify the factors affecting their quality of life. The data of 67 conveniently sampled patients undergoing HSCT at a university-affiliated hospital, for the period from March 23 to June 7, 2016, were collected using a self-reported structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlations and multiple regression analysis. Quality of life showed a significant negative correlation with symptom experience and significant positive correlations with symptom management strategies. Factors influencing quality of life included symptom distress, symptom management strategies, and self-management behavior; these explained 39.4% of the variance. To improve quality of life in patients undergoing HSCT, the efficient management of multiple co-existing symptoms is important. There is a need for tailored nursing interventions based on a patient-focused and person-centered approach for patients undergoing HSCT.
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Paperák P, Javůrková A, Raudenská J. Therapeutic intervention in fear of cancer recurrence in adult oncology patients: a systematic review. J Cancer Surviv 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11764-022-01277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Shin J, Shin DW, Lee J, Hwang J, Lee JE, Cho B, Song Y. Exploring socio-demographic, physical, psychological, and quality of life-related factors related with fear of cancer recurrence in stomach cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:414. [PMID: 35428224 PMCID: PMC9013039 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stomach cancer is one the most common neoplasms with high mortality. However, fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) in stomach cancer survivors has been scarcely evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate FCR and factors related to FCR in Korean stomach cancer survivors. Methods A total of 363 stomach cancer survivors who had completed primary treatment and had no metastasis or recurrence were recruited between September 2014 and March 2017 regardless of time lapse after the initial diagnosis. FCR was assessed using the Korean version of the FCR Inventory (FCRI). Participants were divided into two groups; clinical FCRI group (score of severity subscale of FCRI ≥ 13) and non-clinical FCRI group (the scores < 13). Socio-demographic factors, cancer stage, treatment, psychological factors, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and health promotion and disease prevention behaviors were obtained using a self–administered questionnaire supplemented with face-to-face interview to fill out incomplete information. Factors associated with FCR were evaluated using linear regression analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, sex, cancer stage, time since cancer diagnosis, family cancer diagnosis, and comorbidities. Results Average (standard deviation) time interval between cancer diagnosis and study participation was 7.3 (3.2) years. The distribution of socio-demographic and cancer–related factors did not differ according to the level of FCR. The higher FCRI level was associated with lower levels of social support (β: -0.190, p < 0.001), lower emotional function (β: -0.356, p < 0.001), more severe fatigue (β: 0.333, p < 0.001), more sleep problems (β: 0.299, p = 0.002), higher anxiety (β: 0.443, p < 0.001), and higher depression (β: 0.207, p < 0.001). However, clinical level of FCR was not associated with health promotion and disease prevention behaviors. Conclusions FCR in stomach cancer survivors was associated with social, psychological, and HRQoL factors rather than demographic, socioeconomic, or cancer–related factors. This finding suggests that careful attention to FCR is necessary to provide more comprehensive survivorship care for stomach cancer survivors.
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Yu Z, Sun D, Sun J. Social Support and Fear of Cancer Recurrence Among Chinese Breast Cancer Survivors: The Mediation Role of Illness Uncertainty. Front Psychol 2022; 13:864129. [PMID: 35369168 PMCID: PMC8966644 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.864129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the relations between social support, illness uncertainty (IU), and fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Methods Using data from a convenience sample of 231 breast cancer survivors in China to perform structural equation modeling with bootstrapping estimation. Participants were recruited from a general hospital in Shenyang, China. Participants completed the Perceived Social Support Scale, Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale, and Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory- Shorter Form. Results The majority of breast cancer survivors have FCR (67.5%). FCR was significantly negatively associated with social support, and was significantly positively associated with IU (both P < 0.01). Moreover, IU was found to mediate the relationship between social support and FCR (standardized indirect effect = -0.18; bias-corrected 95% confidence interval: -0.255, -0.123). Conclusion The findings support the final model. Good social support can directly mitigate FCR, while illness uncertainty can play a mediation role between social support and FCR. Further studies should be conducted to explore effective interventions for social support and IU to ultimately mitigate FCR in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Yu
- Intensive Care Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Nursing, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zomerdijk N, Jongenelis M, Short CE, Smith A, Turner J, Huntley K. Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress, unmet supportive care needs, and fear of cancer recurrence among haematological cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Support Care Cancer 2021. [PMID: 34164740 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disruptive effect on people with haematological cancers, who represent a high-risk population due to the nature of their disease and immunosuppressive treatments. We aimed to identify the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on haematology patients and identify correlated factors to inform the development of appropriate supportive interventions. Methods Three hundred and ninety-four respondents volunteered their participation in response to a study advertisement distributed online through established haematology groups. Participants completed a self-report online survey exploring wellbeing, psychological distress, unmet supportive care needs, and fear of cancer recurrence. Results At least 1 in 3 respondents (35%) reported clinical levels of distress and nearly 1 in 3 (32%) identified at least one unmet need. Among respondents in remission (n = 134), clinical fear of cancer recurrence was reported by nearly all (95%). Unmet needs, pre-existing health conditions, younger age, financial concerns, and perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 were the dominant factors contributing to psychological distress during the pandemic. Psychological distress, lost income, perceived inadequate support from care team, perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, and being a woman were significantly associated with unmet needs. Psychological distress and concern about the impact of COVID-19 on cancer management were significantly associated with fear of cancer recurrence among respondents in remission. Conclusion Results highlight the high psychological burden and unmet needs experienced by people with haematological cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic and indicate a need for innovative solutions to rapidly identify distress and unmet needs during, and beyond, pandemic times. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00520-021-06369-5.
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Pang C, Humphris G. The Relationship Between Fears of Cancer Recurrence and Patient Gender: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:640866. [PMID: 33692731 PMCID: PMC7937637 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.640866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A significant concern for patients treated for cancer is fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Although a common experience, some patients report high levels of FCR that are difficult to manage and result in over vigilant checking and high use of health services. There has been speculation about the relationship of FCR with gender with mixed reports from several systematic reviews. Aims: To determine the association of FCR with gender in previous reported studies and investigate the strength of this relationship with various moderators including year of publication, type of cancer and measurement attributes of self-reported FCR instruments. Methods: A systematic review was conducted with searches of the literature from the MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases following PRISMA guidelines. All the included papers were divided into two groups, namely: “pure” that comprise only of patients with cancer types that both men and women can contract and “mixed” that report on patients with a variety of cancer types. The association between gender and FCR level was assessed by meta-analysis. A meta-regression was performed to investigate the moderating effects of factors including: the year of publication, cancer type, mean age of the sample and the length of the FCR scale measurement. This review was registered with PROSPERO, ID: CRD42020184812. Results: Finally, 29 studies were included. The N size of pooled participants was 33,339. The meta-analysis showed females to have an overall higher level of FCR than males (ES = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.23, 0.36). The meta-regression of moderating or control variables found little, if any, systematic variation in effect-sizes. Conclusion: This systematic review has clarified a potentially confused pattern of previous results in understanding the relationship between gender and FCR. Women report higher levels of FCR than men and this feature is one that clinicians and researchers can factor into their practice and future studies. The effect size is moderate, hence there is ample variation in FCR level, independent of gender, that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Pang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital First Medical Center, Beijing, China.,Division of Population and Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Humphris
- Division of Population and Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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Jo EJ, Kim S. Factors Affecting Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients. Asian Oncol Nurs 2021. [DOI: 10.5388/aon.2021.21.2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Jo
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Nursing & Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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