Improved social spider optimization algorithm for optimal reactive power dispatch problem with different objectives

Reactive Power Management Based Hybrid GAEO

Electrical power networks are expanded regularly to meet growing energy requirements. Reactive power dispatch (RPD) optimization is a powerful tool to enhance a system’s efficiency, reliability, and security. RPD optimization is classified as a non-linear and non-convex problem. In this paper, the RPD optimization problem is solved based on novel hybrid genetic algorithms—equilibrium optimizer (GAEO) optimization algorithms. The control variables are determined in such a way that optimizes RPD and minimizes power losses. The efficiency of the proposed optimization algorithms is compared to other techniques that have been used recently to solve the RPD problem. The proposed algorithm has been tested for optimization RPD for three test systems, IEEE14-bus, IEEE-30bus, and IEEE57-bus. The obtained results show the superiority of GAEO over other techniques for small test systems, IEEE14-bus and IEEE-30bus. GAEO shows good results for large system, IEEE 57-bus.

A New Self-Adaptive Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization with Different Distributions for Optimal Reactive Power Control in Power Networks

Teaching–learning-based optimization has the disadvantages of weak population diversity and the tendency to fall into local optima, especially for multimodal and high-dimensional problems such as the optimal reactive power dispatch problem. To overcome these shortcomings, first, in this study, a new enhanced TLBO is proposed through novel and effective θ-self-adaptive teaching and learning to optimize voltage and active loss management in power networks, which is called the optimal reactive power control problem with continuous and discontinuous control variables. Voltage and active loss management in any energy network can be optimized by finding the optimal control parameters, including generator voltage, shunt power compensators, and the tap positions of tap changers, among others. As a result, an efficient and powerful optimization algorithm is required to handle this challenging situation. The proposed algorithms utilized in this research were improved by introducing new mutation operators for multi-objective optimal reactive power control in popular standard IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 57-bus networks. The numerical simulation data reveal potential high-quality solutions with better performance and accuracy using the proposed optimization algorithms in comparison with the basic teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm and previously reported results.

Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Using a Chaotic Turbulent Flow of Water-Based Optimization Algorithm

In this study, an optimization algorithm called chaotic turbulent flow of water-based optimization (CTFWO) algorithm is proposed to find the optimal solution for the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem. The ORPD is formulated as a complicated, mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem, comprising control variables which are discrete and continuous. The CTFWO algorithm is used to minimize voltage deviation (VD) and real power loss (P_loss) for IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 57-bus power systems. These goals can be achieved by obtaining the optimized voltage values of the generator, the transformer tap changing positions, and the reactive compensation. In order to evaluate the ability of the proposed algorithm to obtain ORPD problem solutions, the results of the proposed CTFWO algorithm are compared with different algorithms, including artificial ecosystem-based optimization (AEO), the equilibrium optimizer (EO), the gradient-based optimizer (GBO), and the original turbulent flow of water-based optimization (TFWO) algorithm. These are also compared with the results of the evaluated performance of various methods that are used in many recent papers. The experimental results show that the proposed CTFWO algorithm has superior performance, and is competitive with many state-of-the-art algorithms outlined in some of the recent studies in terms of solution accuracy, convergence rate, and stability.

Review of Metaheuristics Inspired from the Animal Kingdom

The search for powerful optimizers has led to the development of a multitude of metaheuristic algorithms inspired from all areas. This work focuses on the animal kingdom as a source of inspiration and performs an extensive, yet not exhaustive, review of the animal inspired metaheuristics proposed in the 2006–2021 period. The review is organized considering the biological classification of living things, with a breakdown of the simulated behavior mechanisms. The centralized data indicated that 61.6% of the animal-based algorithms are inspired from vertebrates and 38.4% from invertebrates. In addition, an analysis of the mechanisms used to ensure diversity was performed. The results obtained showed that the most frequently used mechanisms belong to the niching category.

Circulating current control of modular multilevel converter by wild spider foraging optimization based fractional order proportional integral derivative controller

Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) plays a vital role in high voltage industries because of its high rating power conversion. Due to its usage in high voltage rating power conversion and switched capacitor usage in MMC structure, there arises a problem of unbalanced capacitor voltage, which causes circulating current and disturbance in output current regulation. To manage these problematic parameters, a FOPID (Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative) controller has been utilized, due to its dynamic tracking and fast response. Secondly, the gain values of FOPID are not efficient, and they are optimized for each control group at all times of MMC working conditions. To provide a dynamic gain value by considering the dynamic change of error tracking parameters, Wild Spider Foraging Optimization (WSFO) algorithm has been developed based on the foraging behaviour of wild spider searching food (gain values) in view of changing the error of tracking parameters. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated in MATLAB Simulink by modeling the MMC structure with FOPID controller. The parameters of FOPID are optimized by bio-inspired algorithms like WSFO, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The outcomes of the proposed WSFO-FOPID provide minimum circulating current and effectively balance the capacitor voltage in MMC. When the effectiveness of the results has been verified with the existing ABC and PSO optimization approaches, the proposed algorithm outperforms.

A Novel Application of Improved Marine Predators Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization for Solving the ORPD Problem

The appropriate planning of electric power systems has a significant effect on the economic situation of countries. For the protection and reliability of the power system, the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem is an essential issue. The ORPD is a non-linear, non-convex, and continuous or non-continuous optimization problem. Therefore, introducing a reliable optimizer is a challenging task to solve this optimization problem. This study proposes a robust and flexible optimization algorithm with the minimum adjustable parameters named Improved Marine Predators Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (IMPAPSO) algorithm, for dealing with the non-linearity of ORPD. The IMPAPSO is evaluated using various test cases, including IEEE 30 bus, IEEE 57 bus, and IEEE 118 bus systems. An effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm was verified through a rigorous comparative study with other optimization methods. There was a noticeable enhancement in the electric power networks behavior when using the IMPAPSO method. Moreover, the IMPAPSO high convergence speed was an observed feature in a comparison with its peers.

Solving the Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Using Marine Predators Algorithm Considering the Uncertainties in Load and Wind-Solar Generation Systems

The optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem is an important issue to assign the most efficient and secure operating point of the electrical system. The ORPD became a strenuous task, especially with the high penetration of renewable energy resources due to the intermittent and stochastic nature of wind speed and solar irradiance. In this paper, the ORPD is solved using a new natural inspired algorithm called the marine predators’ algorithm (MPA) considering the uncertainties of the load demand and the output powers of wind and solar generation systems. The scenario-based method is applied to handle the uncertainties of the system by generating deterministic scenarios from the probability density functions of the system parameters. The proposed algorithm is applied to solve the ORPD of the IEEE-30 bus system to minimize the power loss and the system voltage devotions. The result verifies that the proposed method is an efficient method for solving the ORPD compared with the state-of-the-art techniques.

Optimal Power Flow for Transmission Power Networks Using a Novel Metaheuristic Algorithm

In the paper, a modified coyote optimization algorithm (MCOA) is proposed for finding highly effective solutions for the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. In the OPF problem, total active power losses in all transmission lines and total electric generation cost of all available thermal units are considered to be reduced as much as possible meanwhile all constraints of transmission power systems such as generation and voltage limits of generators, generation limits of capacitors, secondary voltage limits of transformers, and limit of transmission lines are required to be exactly satisfied. MCOA is an improved version of the original coyote optimization algorithm (OCOA) with two modifications in two new solution generation techniques and one modification in the solution exchange technique. As compared to OCOA, the proposed MCOA has high contributions as follows: (i) finding more promising optimal solutions with a faster manner, (ii) shortening computation steps, and (iii) reaching higher success rate. Three IEEE transmission power networks are used for comparing MCOA with OCOA and other existing conventional methods, improved versions of these conventional methods, and hybrid methods. About the constraint handling ability, the success rate of MCOA is, respectively, 100%, 96%, and 52% meanwhile those of OCOA is, respectively, 88%, 74%, and 16%. About the obtained solutions, the improvement level of MCOA over OCOA can be up to 30.21% whereas the improvement level over other existing methods is up to 43.88%. Furthermore, these two methods are also executed for determining the best location of a photovoltaic system (PVS) with rated power of 2.0 MW in an IEEE 30-bus system. As a result, MCOA can reduce fuel cost and power loss by 0.5% and 24.36%. Therefore, MCOA can be recommended to be a powerful method for optimal power flow study on transmission power networks with considering the presence of renewable energies.

Finding Solutions for Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Problem by a Novel Improved Antlion Optimization Algorithm

In this paper, a novel improved Antlion optimization algorithm (IALO) has been proposed for solving three different IEEE power systems of optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem. Such three power systems with a set of constraints in transmission power networks such as voltage limitation of all buses, limitations of tap of all transformers, maximum power transmission limitation of all conductors and limitations of all capacitor banks have given a big challenge for global optimal solution search ability of the proposed method. The proposed IALO method has been developed by modifying new solution generation technique of standard antlion optimization algorithm (ALO). By optimizing three single objective functions of systems with 30, 57 and 118 buses, the proposed method has been demonstrated to be more effective than ALO in terms of the most optimal solution search ability, solution search speed and search stabilization. In addition, the proposed method has also been compared to other existing methods and it has obtained better results than approximately all compared ones. Consequently, the proposed IALO method is deserving of a potential optimization tool for solving ORPD problem and other optimization problems in power system optimization fields.