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Kazmierak W, Korolczuk A, Kurzepa J, Czechowska G, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Madro A. The influence of erythropoietin on apoptosis and fibrosis in the early phase of chronic pancreatitis in rats. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:1100-1108. [PMID: 34336038 PMCID: PMC8314426 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.99800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a continuing, inflammatory process of the pancreas, characterised by irreversible morphological changes. The identification of pancreatic stellate cells resulted in the development of research on the pathogenesis of CP. Erythropoietin (Epo) regulates the interaction between apoptosis and inflammation of the brain, kidney, and heart muscle. Erythropoietin receptors were also found in the pancreas, in particular on the islet cells. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of Epo on fibrosis and apoptosis in experimental CP. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiments were performed on 48 male Wistar rats (250-350 g). The animals were divided into six equal groups (I - control, II - chronic cerulein - induced pancreatitis, III - 1 ml of Epo sc, IV - 0.5 ml of Epo sc, V - CP treated with 1 ml Epo, VI - CP treated with 0.5 ml Epo). The blood for gelatinases and pancreata for the morphological examinations and immunohistochemistry were collected. RESULTS A slight reduction of interstitial oedema and less severe fibrosis were noticed in the groups treated with Epo. Reduced expression of caspase-3 and α-actin, and a lack of Bcl-2 expression were observed in areas with inflammation. There was no expression of caspase-9 observed in all groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the activity of gelatinases. CONCLUSIONS Erythropoietin seems to have the effect of reducing fibrosis and apoptosis in an experimental model of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Kazmierak
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopic Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Korolczuk
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Kurzepa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grażyna Czechowska
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopic Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Madro
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopic Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Chateauvieux S, Grigorakaki C, Morceau F, Dicato M, Diederich M. Erythropoietin, erythropoiesis and beyond. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1291-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Shang YC, Chong ZZ, Wang S, Maiese K. Erythropoietin and Wnt1 govern pathways of mTOR, Apaf-1, and XIAP in inflammatory microglia. Curr Neurovasc Res 2011; 8:270-85. [PMID: 22023617 PMCID: PMC3254854 DOI: 10.2174/156720211798120990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory microglia modulate a host of cellular processes in the central nervous system that include neuronal survival, metabolic fluxes, foreign body exclusion, and cellular regeneration. Elucidation of the pathways that oversee microglial survival and integrity may offer new avenues for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Here we demonstrate that erythropoietin (EPO), an emerging strategy for immune system modulation, prevents microglial early and late apoptotic injury during oxidant stress through Wnt1, a cysteine-rich glycosylated protein that modulates cellular development and survival. Loss of Wnt1 through blockade of Wnt1 signaling or through the gene silencing of Wnt1 eliminates the protective capacity of EPO. Furthermore, endogenous Wnt1 in microglia is vital to preserve microglial survival since loss of Wnt1 alone increases microglial injury during oxidative stress. Cellular protection by EPO and Wnt1 intersects at the level of protein kinase B (Akt1), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and p70S6K, which are necessary to foster cytoprotection for microglia. Downstream from these pathways, EPO and Wnt1 control "anti-apoptotic" pathways of microglia through the modulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability, the release of cytochrome c, and the expression of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). These studies offer new insights for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders that focus upon inflammatory microglia and novel signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen Shang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Cancer Center - New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
| | - Zhao Zhong Chong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Cancer Center - New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Cancer Center - New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
| | - Kenneth Maiese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Cancer Center - New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
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Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Hou J. Novel avenues of drug discovery and biomarkers for diabetes mellitus. J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 51:128-52. [PMID: 20220043 PMCID: PMC3033756 DOI: 10.1177/0091270010362904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Globally, developed nations spend a significant amount of their resources on health care initiatives that poorly translate into increased population life expectancy. As an example, the United States devotes 16% of its gross domestic product to health care, the highest level in the world, but falls behind other nations that enjoy greater individual life expectancy. These observations point to the need for pioneering avenues of drug discovery to increase life span with controlled costs. In particular, innovative drug development for metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus becomes increasingly critical given that the number of diabetic people will increase exponentially over the next 20 years. This article discusses the elucidation and targeting of novel cellular pathways that are intimately tied to oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus for new treatment strategies. Pathways that involve wingless, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) precursors, and cytokines govern complex biological pathways that determine both cell survival and longevity during diabetes mellitus and its complications. Furthermore, the role of these entities as biomarkers for disease can further enhance their utility irrespective of their treatment potential. Greater understanding of the intricacies of these unique cellular mechanisms will shape future drug discovery for diabetes mellitus to provide focused clinical care with limited or absent long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Department of Neurology, 8C-1 UHC, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Xu YH, Chen K, Cui SL, Wang H. Advances in understanding the role of inflammatory and antiinflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:1912-1918. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i18.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common clinical disorder presenting as acute abdomen. As AP is often complicated with many other serious diseases, the overall mortality rate is high in AP patients. At present, the research on the pathogenesis of AP has attracted wide attention though it has not been fully clarified yet. Many theories, such as "self-digestion of the pancreas", "inflammatory response" and "intestinal bacterial translocation", have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of AP. Extensive research is being conducted to investigate the relationship of inflammatory and antiinflammatory factors with AP. In this article, we will review the recent advances in understanding the role of inflammatory and antiinflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of AP.
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Maiese K, Shang YC, Chong ZZ, Hou J. Diabetes mellitus: channeling care through cellular discovery. Curr Neurovasc Res 2010; 7:59-64. [PMID: 20158461 DOI: 10.2174/156720210790820217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) impacts a significant portion of the world's population and care for this disorder places an economic burden on the gross domestic product for any particular country. Furthermore, both Type 1 and Type 2 DM are becoming increasingly prevalent and there is increased incidence of impaired glucose tolerance in the young. The complications of DM are protean and can involve multiple systems throughout the body that are susceptible to the detrimental effects of oxidative stress and apoptotic cell injury. For these reasons, innovative strategies are necessary for the implementation of new treatments for DM that are generated through the further understanding of cellular pathways that govern the pathological consequences of DM. In particular, both the precursor for the coenzyme beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)), nicotinamide, and the growth factor erythropoietin offer novel platforms for drug discovery that involve cellular metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory cell control. Interestingly, these agents and their tightly associated pathways that consist of cell cycle regulation, protein kinase B, forkhead transcription factors, and Wnt signaling also function in a broader sense as biomarkers for disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cerebral Ischemia, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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Maiese K, Hou J, Chong ZZ, Shang YC. Erythropoietin, forkhead proteins, and oxidative injury: biomarkers and biology. ScientificWorldJournal 2009; 9:1072-104. [PMID: 19802503 PMCID: PMC2762199 DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2009.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress significantly impacts multiple cellular pathways that can lead to the initiation and progression of varied disorders throughout the body. It therefore becomes imperative to elucidate the components and function of novel therapeutic strategies against oxidative stress to further clinical diagnosis and care. In particular, both the growth factor and cytokine erythropoietin (EPO), and members of the mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the O class (FoxOs), may offer the greatest promise for new treatment regimens, since these agents and the cellular pathways they oversee cover a range of critical functions that directly influence progenitor cell development, cell survival and degeneration, metabolism, immune function, and cancer cell invasion. Furthermore, both EPO and FoxOs function not only as therapeutic targets, but also as biomarkers of disease onset and progression, since their cellular pathways are closely linked and overlap with several unique signal transduction pathways. Yet, EPO and FoxOs may sometimes have unexpected and undesirable effects that can raise caution for these agents and warrant further investigations. Here we present the exciting as well as the complex role that EPO and FoxOs possess to uncover the benefits as well as the risks of these agents for cell biology and clinical care in processes that range from stem cell development to uncontrolled cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cerebral Ischemia, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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Kamei K, Yasuda T, Ueda T, Qiang F, Takeyama Y, Shiozaki H. Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in experimental severe acute pancreatitis. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2009; 17:305-12. [PMID: 19787284 DOI: 10.1007/s00534-009-0191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a regulator of immunity and an amplifier of inflammatory signaling. The aim was to clarify the role of TREM-1 in the pathophysiology of experimental severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS SAP was induced by retrograde injection of 3 and 20% sodium deoxycholate (DCA) into the biliopancreatic ducts in rats (DCA pancreatitis). Soluble TREM-1 levels in serum, ascitic fluid, pancreas, liver and kidney were determined with an established available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. To clarify the source of soluble TREM-1 in serum and ascitic fluid, peritoneal macrophage depletion was done. Moreover, the effect of blockade of TREM-1 pathway was examined using LP17 (a synthetic TREM-1 inhibitor). RESULTS Soluble TREM-1 levels in serum and ascitic fluid were higher in SAP. Membrane-bound TREM-1 protein was increased in pancreas, liver and kidney in SAP. Peritoneal macrophage depletion resulted in the reduction of soluble TREM-1 levels in serum and ascitic fluid. Pretreatment with LP17 improved the hepatic and renal dysfunction (serum aspartate aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen levels) in SAP. CONCLUSIONS TREM-1 may act as an important mediator for inflammation and organ injury in SAP. TREM-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the development of SAP and associated organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, 589-8511, Japan
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