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Takikawa T, Kume K, Tanaka Y, Kikuta K, Ogata Y, Hatta W, Hamada S, Miura S, Matsumoto R, Sano T, Sasaki A, Hayashi H, Sakano M, Manaka T, Masamune A. Risk Factors and a Prediction Model for Pain Recurrence After Pancreatic Stent Removal in Painful Chronic Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2025; 54:e30-e38. [PMID: 39259846 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endoscopic pancreatic stenting (EPS) is an effective treatment for painful chronic pancreatitis. However, little is known about the factors that cause pain recurrence after stent removal, and there are no clear criteria for stent removal. We aimed to develop a prediction model for pain recurrence by identifying its risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 95 patients who underwent EPS for pain for the first time using a single plastic stent between January 2007 and July 2022 at our institute. Univariate and multivariate stepwise Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify the risk factors for pain recurrence, and a prediction model was developed based on the identified factors. RESULTS Of the 95 enrolled patients, 89 (93.7%) achieved pain relief and 73 (76.8%) did stent removal. Among 69 patients with a follow-up period ≥6 months after stent removal, 29 (42.0%) had pain recurrence during the median follow-up of 59 months. Serum lipase level ( P = 0.034) and pancreatic parenchymal thickness ( P = 0.022) on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging were identified as independent risk factors for pain recurrence. The prediction model based on the identified factors had good discrimination ability, with a concordance index of 0.74, and could stratify pain recurrence rates. CONCLUSIONS We identified the risk factors and developed a new prediction model for pain recurrence following stent removal. This model might be useful for decision making in pancreatic stent management, such as deciding whether to remove a stent, continue EPS, or convert to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Takikawa
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Szücs Á, Marjai T, Szentesi A, Farkas N, Párniczky A, Nagy G, Kui B, Takács T, Czakó L, Szepes Z, Németh BC, Vincze Á, Pár G, Szabó I, Sarlós P, Illés A, Gódi S, Izbéki F, Gervain J, Halász A, Farkas G, Leindler L, Kelemen D, Papp R, Szmola R, Varga M, Hamvas J, Novák J, Bod B, Sahin-Tóth M, Hegyi P, on behalf of the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group. Chronic pancreatitis: Multicentre prospective data collection and analysis by the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171420. [PMID: 28207747 PMCID: PMC5313152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease associated with structural and functional damage to the pancreas, causing pain, maldigestion and weight loss and thus worsening the quality of life. AIMS AND METHODS Our aim was to find correlations from a multicentre database representing the epidemiological traits, diagnosis and treatment of the disease in Hungary. The Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group collected data prospectively from 2012 to 2014 on patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis. Statistical analysis was performed on different questions. RESULTS Data on 229 patients (74% male and 26% female) were uploaded from 14 centres. Daily alcohol consumption was present in the aetiology of 56% of the patients. 66% of the patients were previously treated for acute exacerbation. One third of the patients had had previous endoscopic or surgical interventions. Pain was present in 69% of the cases, endocrine insufficiency in 33%, diarrhoea in 13% and weight loss in 39%. Diagnosis was confirmed with US (80%), CT scan (52%), MRI-MRCP (6%), ERCP (39%), and EUS (7,4%). A functional test was carried out in 5% of the patients. In 31% of the cases, an endoscopic intervention was performed with the need for re-intervention in 5%. Further elective surgical intervention was necessitated in 44% of endoscopies. 20% of the registered patients were primarily treated with surgery. The biliary complication rate for surgery was significantly smaller (2%) than endoscopy (27%); however, pancreatic complications were higher in the patients treated with surgery. Patients who smoked regularly needed significantly more surgical intervention following endoscopy (66.7% vs. 26.9%, p = 0.002) than non-smokers, and the ratio of surgical intervention alone was also significantly higher (27.3% vs. 10.8%, p = 0.004). The ratio of surgery in patients who smoked and drank was significantly higher (30.09% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.012) than in abstinent and non-smoking patients, similarly to the need for further surgical intervention after endoscopic treatment (71.43% vs. 27.78%, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS According to the data analysed, the epidemiological data and the aetiological factors in our cohort differ little from European trends. The study highlighted the overuse of ERCP as a diagnostic modality and the low ratio of use of endoscopic ultrasonography. The results proved that alcohol consumption and smoking represent risk factors for the increased need for surgical intervention. Chronic pancreatitis should be treated by multidisciplinary consensus grounded in evidence-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Szücs
- First Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Marjai
- First Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szentesi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - György Nagy
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kui
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Takács
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Czakó
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szepes
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Áron Vincze
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Pár
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Imre Szabó
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Patrícia Sarlós
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anita Illés
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Gódi
- Division of Translational Medicine, First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Izbéki
- Szent György University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Judit Gervain
- Szent György University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Halász
- Szent György University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Gyula Farkas
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Leindler
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Kelemen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Papp
- Department of Surgery, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Richárd Szmola
- Department of Interventional Gastroenterology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - János Novák
- Pándy Kálmán Hospital of Békés County, Gyula, Hungary
| | | | - Miklós Sahin-Tóth
- Center for Exocrine Disorders, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Division of Translational Medicine, First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences—University of Szeged, Momentum Gastroenterology Multidisciplinary Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
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Jawad ZAR, Kyriakides C, Pai M, Wadsworth C, Westaby D, Vlavianos P, Jiao LR. Surgery remains the best option for the management of pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Surg 2016; 40:179-185. [PMID: 26778832 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversy related to endoscopic or surgical management of pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis remains. Despite improvement in endoscopic treatments, surgery remains the best option for pain management in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab A R Jawad
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Charis Kyriakides
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Madhava Pai
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Chris Wadsworth
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - David Westaby
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Panagiotis Vlavianos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Long R Jiao
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK.
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Oza VM, Kahaleh M. Endoscopic management of chronic pancreatitis. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 5:19-28. [PMID: 23330050 PMCID: PMC3547116 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v5.i1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a common gastrointestinal illness, which affects the quality of life with substantial morbidity and mortality. The management includes medical, endoscopic and surgical approaches with the need for interaction between various specialties, calling for a concerted multidisciplinary approach. However, at the time of this publication, guidelines to establish care of these patients are lacking. This review provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the studies summarizing the various treatment options available, including medical, surgical and endoscopic options. In addition, technological advances such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogrophy, endoscopic shock wave lithotripsy and endoscopic ultrasound can now be offered with reasonable success for pancreatic decompression, stricture dilatation with stent placement, stone fragmentation, pseudocyst drainage, and other endoscopic interventions such as celiac plexus block for pain relief. We emphasize the endoscopic options in this review, and attempt to extract the most up to date information from the current literature. The treatment of CP and its complications are discussed extensively. Complications such as biliary strictures. pancreatic pseudocysts, and chronic pain are common issues that arise as long-term complications of CP. These often require endoscopic or surgical management and possibly a combination of approaches, however choosing amongst the various therapeutic and palliative modalities while weighing the risks and benefits, makes the management of CP challenging. Treatment goals should be not just to control symptoms but also to prevent disease progression. Our aim in this paper is to advocate and emphasize an evidence based approach for the management of CP and associated long term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeral M Oza
- Veeral M Oza, Michel Kahaleh, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, United States
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Cahen DL, Gouma DJ, Laramée P, Nio Y, Rauws EAJ, Boermeester MA, Busch OR, Fockens P, Kuipers EJ, Pereira SP, Wonderling D, Dijkgraaf MGW, Bruno MJ. Long-term outcomes of endoscopic vs surgical drainage of the pancreatic duct in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1690-5. [PMID: 21843494 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A randomized trial that compared endoscopic and surgical drainage of the pancreatic duct in patients with advanced chronic pancreatitis reported a significant benefit of surgery after a 2-year follow-up period. We evaluated the long-term outcome of these patients after 5 years. METHODS Between 2000 and 2004, 39 symptomatic patients were randomly assigned to groups that underwent endoscopic drainage or operative pancreaticojejunostomy. In 2009, information was collected regarding pain, quality of life, morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, number of procedures undergone, changes in pancreatic function, and costs. Analysis was performed according to an intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS During the 79-month follow-up period, one patient was lost and 7 died from unrelated causes. Of the patients treated by endoscopy, 68% required additional drainage compared with 5% in the surgery group (P = .001). Hospital stay and costs were comparable, but overall, patients assigned to endoscopy underwent more procedures (median, 12 vs 4; P = .001). Moreover, 47% of the patients in the endoscopy group eventually underwent surgery. Although the mean difference in Izbicki pain scores was no longer significant (39 vs 22; P = .12), surgery was still superior in terms of pain relief (80% vs 38%; P = .042). Levels of quality of life and pancreatic function were comparable. CONCLUSIONS In the long term, symptomatic patients with advanced chronic pancreatitis who underwent surgery as the initial treatment for pancreatic duct obstruction had more relief from pain, with fewer procedures, than patients who were treated endoscopically. Importantly, almost half of the patients who were treated with endoscopy eventually underwent surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djuna L Cahen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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