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Kurokawa H, Ito H, Matano D, Terasaki M, Matsui H. Acetic acid enhances the effect of photodynamic therapy in gastric cancer cells via the production of reactive oxygen species. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:206-211. [PMID: 36447491 PMCID: PMC9701594 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetic acid is a major component of vinegar and is reported to have beneficial health effects. Notably, it causes oxidative stress and enhances the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in gastric cancer cells. ROS play important roles in cellular signal transduction, resulting in the regulation of protein expression and apoptosis. We previously reported that ROS upregulate heme carrier protein 1 (HCP1). Moreover, ROS increase the cellular uptake of porphyrins, which are precursors of heme and substrates for uptake by HCP1. Therefore, we hypothesized that photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment using laser irradiation and photosensitizers, such as porphyrin, is enhanced via ROS produced by acetic acid. Herein, we used the rat gastric mucosal cells, RGM1, its cancer-like mutated cells, RGK1, and a manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)-overexpressing RGK cell line, RGK-MnSOD. We confirmed that cancer-specific cellular uptake of porphyrin is increased upon acetic acid treatment and enhances the PDT cytotoxicity in RGK-1, not in RGM-1 and RGK-MnSOD. We believe that this occurs because of the overproduction of ROS and subsequent upregulation of HCP1 in cancerous cells. In conclusion, acetic acid can elevate the effect of PDT by inducing cancer-specific HCP1 expression via ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kurokawa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Algae Biomass Research and Development, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matano
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiko Terasaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Algae Biomass Research and Development, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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2
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Rahman Z, Dwivedi DK, Jena GB. Ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats and intervention of tert-butylhydroquinone: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:547-562. [PMID: 31876185 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119895559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer (GU) is the most common health concern that occurs due to alcohol consumption, smoking and physiological stress. Ethanol-induced GU in animal model resembles the pathophysiology of human ulcer. The present study was designed to investigate the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, against gastric mucosal damage induced by acute exposure of ethanol (5 ml/kg). The intervention of tBHQ (25 and 50 mg/kg, per os (po)) and omeprazole (20 mg/kg, po) was done for 10 consecutive days. Omeprazole was chosen as a standard drug because it is prescribed for the treatment of GU. Pretreatment of tBHQ decreased gastric mucosal lesion, ulcer index, apoptotic cells and lipid peroxidation level induced by ethanol. Furthermore, the intervention of tBHQ increased gastric mucosa integrity, pH, reduced glutathione, collagen and mucus-producing goblet cells. Intervention of tBHQ increased the expression of antioxidant markers such as Nrf2, haeme oxygenase-1 and catalase and decreased the expressions of inflammatory markers such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and cyclooxygenase-2. The cytoprotective potential of tBHQ against gastric mucosal damage might be due to its ability to enhance cellular antioxidants and anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Rahman
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - D K Dwivedi
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - G B Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
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3
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Yasuda G, Ito H, Kurokawa H, Terasaki M, Suzuki H, Mizokami Y, Matsui H. The preventive effect of Qing Dai on bisphosphonate-induced gastric cellular injuries. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 64:45-51. [PMID: 30705511 PMCID: PMC6348412 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese herbal medicine Qing Dai has been traditionally used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. We previously reported that reactive oxygen species play an important role in bisphosphonate-induced gastrointestinal injuries and that Qing Dai improved ulcerative colitis by scavenging reactive oxygen species. In this study, we investigated whether Qing Dai prevented bisphosphonate-induced gastric cellular injuries. Risedronate (a bisphosphonate) was added to rat gastric mucosal cells. Risedronate-induced cellular injury, cellular lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species production in rat gastric mucosal cells were examined via viable cell counting, specific fluorescent indicators, and electron spin resonance. Pretreatment with Qing Dai attenuated the fluorescence intensity of diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine and MitoSox as well as the signal intensities of electron spin resonance. Cell viability improved from 20% to 80% by pretreatment with Qing Dai. Thus, Qing Dai prevented this injury by suppressing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, which is the main cause of cellular lipid peroxidation. Qing Dai also maintained mitochondrial potential, reducing reactive oxygen species production. We conclude that Qing Dai has protective effects on bisphosphonate-induced gastrointestinal injury and thus has the potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Yasuda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kurokawa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiko Terasaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hideo Suzuki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Mizokami
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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4
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Yanaka A. Role of NRF2 in protection of the gastrointestinal tract against oxidative stress. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 63:18-25. [PMID: 30087539 PMCID: PMC6064821 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is exposed to a variety of noxious factors, such as Helicobacter pylori, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gastric acid, ischemia-reperfusion, and mental stresses. Theses stressors generate free radicals within gastrointestinal tissues, causing organ injury and functional disturbance. Although the gastrointestinal tract can withstand such oxidative stresses to some extent by enhancing its antioxidant system via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1-mediated pathways, acute or chronic exposure to oxidative stress can cause several gastrointestinal tract disorders, such as inflammation, ulcers, cancers, and various functional disturbances. Recent studies have demonstrated that some natural compounds and drugs can upregulate the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-mediated antioxidant system, ameliorating or preventing these disorders. Although these compounds may be useful as chemopreventive agents, sufficient evidence for their clinical efficacy has not yet been provided. In addition, it is important to note that excessive nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 stimulation can be harmful to human health, especially from the standpoint of tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Yanaka
- Hitachi Medical Education and Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
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Terasaki M, Ito H, Kurokawa H, Tamura M, Okabe S, Matsui H, Hyodo I. Acetic acid is an oxidative stressor in gastric cancer cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 63:36-41. [PMID: 30087542 PMCID: PMC6064817 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetic acid can cause cellular injury. We previously reported that acetic acid induces cancer cell-selective death in rat gastric cells. However, the mechanism is unclear. Generally, cancer cells are more sensitive to reactive oxygen species than normal cells. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the involvement of oxidative stress in cancer cell-selective death by acetic acid using normal gastric mucosal cells and cancerous gastric mucosal cells. The cancer cell-selective death was induced at the concentration of 2-5 µM acetic acid. Cancerous gastric mucosal cells had increased expression of monocarboxylic transporter 1 and high uptake of acetic acid, compared to normal gastric mucosal cells. The exposure of cancerous gastric mucosal cells to acetic acid enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and expression of monocarboxylic transporter 1, and induced apoptosis. In contrast, acetic acid showed minor effects in normal gastric mucosal cells. These results indicate that acetic acid induced cancer cell-selective death in gastric cells through a mechanism involving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Terasaki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masato Tamura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Susumu Okabe
- General Corporative Association, Kyoto GI Disease Research Center, 671-1006 Marukizaimokucho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8106, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ichinosuke Hyodo
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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6
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Helicobacter pylori-Induced Changes in Gastric Acid Secretion and Upper Gastrointestinal Disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 400:227-252. [PMID: 28124156 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50520-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate management of Helicobacter pylori infection of the human stomach is evolving and remains a significant clinical challenge. Acute infection results in hypochlorhydria, whereas chronic infection results in either hypo- or hyperchlorhydria, depending upon the anatomic site of infection. Acute hypochlorhydria facilitates survival of the bacterium and its infection of the stomach. Interestingly, most patients chronically infected with H. pylori manifest a pangastritis with reduced acid secretion due to bacterial virulence factors, inflammatory cytokines, and various degrees of gastric atrophy. While these patients are predisposed to develop gastric adenocarcinoma (~1%), there is increasing evidence from population studies that they are also protected from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Eradication of H. pylori, in these patients, may provoke GERD in predisposed individuals and may be a contributory factor for the rising incidence of refractory GERD, BE, and EAC observed in Westernized societies. Only ~10% of chronically infected patients, mainly the young, manifest an antral predominant gastritis with increased acid secretion due to a decrease in somatostatin and increase in gastrin secretion; these patients are predisposed to develop peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori-induced changes in acid secretion, in particular hypochlorhydria, may allow ingested microorganisms to survive transit through the stomach and colonize the distal intestine and colon. Such perturbation of gut microbiota, i.e. dysbiosis, may influence human health and disease.
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7
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Uberti F, Bardelli C, Morsanuto V, Ghirlanda S, Molinari C. Role of vitamin D 3 combined to alginates in preventing acid and oxidative injury in cultured gastric epithelial cells. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:127. [PMID: 27717330 PMCID: PMC5054561 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric diseases are a worldwide problem in modern society, as reported in the USA, in the range of 0.5–2 episodes/year/person and an incidence of 5–100 episodes/1000/week according to seasons and age. There is convincing evidence that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of acute gastric injury. Acid secreted from gastric parietal cells determines mucosal injuries which in turn cause inflammation and oxidative stress. Consequent inflammation produces free radicals by mitochondria thus causing lipid peroxidation, oxidative and acidic stress, which can lead to cell apoptosis. Vitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D, may counteract intracellular cell death and improve epithelial regeneration. Methods This study was planned to assess whether vitamin D3 is a protective factor against acid injury and oxidative stress in gastric epithelial cells. Primary epithelial cells and GTL-16 cells have been used to test the effects of Grisù® alone or in combination with vitamin D3 during oxidative stress or high acid exposition measuring cell viability, ROS production, cellular adhesion time along with apoptotic, autophagic and survival pathways. The combined effect of Grisù® and vitamin D3 was found more effective in counteracting the negative consequences of oxidative stress and acidity conditions than some other gastroprotective agents, such as Maalox® or Gaviscon®. Results In case of oxidative stress or acidity condition the stimulation with Grisù® alone caused an improvement of cell viability and a reduction of ROS production on epithelial gastric cells. In addition, the adhesion time of the cells was improved. All these effects were increased by the presence of vitamin D3. Similar data were also observed in primary gastric epithelial cells confirming the results obtained in GTL-16 cells. Conclusions These results suggest that Grisù® in combination with vitamin D3 may exert a gastroprotective effect to maintain or restore the integrity of gastric epithelium through an antioxidant pathway, inhibiting apoptosis and activating survival kinases. Moreover, the combination of Grisù® and vitamin D3 improves cell viability and decreases ROS production compared to other gastroprotective agents combined with vitamin D3. All these data were validated using primary cells isolated from gastric tissue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12876-016-0543-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Uberti
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, Novara, 28100, Italy.
| | - Claudio Bardelli
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Vera Morsanuto
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Sabrina Ghirlanda
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, Novara, 28100, Italy
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Verma S, Kumar VL. Attenuation of gastric mucosal damage by artesunate in rat: Modulation of oxidative stress and NFκB mediated signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 257:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tamura M, Ito H, Matsui H, Hyodo I. Acetaldehyde is an oxidative stressor for gastric epithelial cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 55:26-31. [PMID: 25120276 PMCID: PMC4078068 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol drinking and smoking contain the risk of a carcinogenesis. Acetaldehyde is content in cigarette smoke and an ethanol metabolite. However the clear evidence for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by acetaldehyde in gastric cells in vitro is none. In this study, we elucidated acetaldehyde is an oxidative stress inducer on rat gastric epithelial cells by electron paramagnetic resonance measurement in living cells. We also confirmed whether acetaldehyde-induced cellular ROS was derived from mitochondria or not. The results of cellular ROS determination showed that an increment of cellular ROS was shown for 15 min in living cells from exposing 0.1% (v/v) acetaldehyde. Lipid peroxidation in cellular membrane also induced by 0.1% ethanol and the tendency is same in the results of cellular ROS determination. JC-1 stained showed the decrement of mitochondrial membrane potential. These results indicated that acetaldehyde is not merely a necrotizing factor for gastric epithelial cells, but also an oxidative stress inducer via injured mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tamura
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ichinosuke Hyodo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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Tamura M, Matsui H, Tomita T, Sadakata H, Indo HP, Majima HJ, Kaneko T, Hyodo I. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accelerate gastric cancer cell invasion. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 54:12-7. [PMID: 24426185 PMCID: PMC3882482 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor invasion is the most important factor to decide patient's prognosis. The relation between reactive oxygen species and tumor invasion is mainly reported that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in the cell membrane is a reactive oxygen species producer for formulating an invadopodia. On the other hand, mitochondrion was known as one of the most important reactive oxygen species-producer in the cell via an energy transfer system. However, the relation between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and the tumor invasion was not well clarified. In this study, we evaluated the relation between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and tumor invasion using a normal gastric mucosal cell-line (RGM-1) and a cancerous mutant RGM-1 cell-line (RGK-1). Manganese superoxide dismutase-expressing RGK-1 cell-lines were used for a scavenging mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. The cells have been evaluated their movement ability as follows; cellular ruffling frequencies, wound healing assay to evaluate horizontal cellular migration, and invasion assay using matrigel to analyze vertical cellular migration. All cellular movement abilities were inhibited by scavenging mitochondrial reactive oxygen species with manganese superoxide dismutase. Therefore mitochondrial reactive oxygen species was one of factors enhancing the tumor invasion in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tamura
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tomita
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hisato Sadakata
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroko P Indo
- Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragawa, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideyuki J Majima
- Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragawa, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kaneko
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ichinosuke Hyodo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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Tamura M, Matsui H, Kaneko T, Hyodo I. Alcohol is an oxidative stressor for gastric epithelial cells: detection of superoxide in living cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 53:75-80. [PMID: 24062603 PMCID: PMC3774929 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol/ethanol has been reported to derived necrosis and apoptosis with an oxidative stress in gastric mucosal cells. However the clear evidence for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by alcohol in gastric cells in vitro is none. In this study, we elucidated ethanol is an oxidative stress inducer on rat gastric epithelial cells by electron paramagnetic resonance measurement in living cells. We also confirmed whether ethanol-induced cellular ROS was derived from mitochondria or not. The results of cellular ROS determination showed that an increment of cellular ROS was shown for 15 min from exposing 1% (v/v) ethanol. Lipid peroxidation in cellular membrane also induced by 1% ethanol and the tendency is same in the results of cellular ROS determination. JC-1 stained showed the decrement of mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally the localization of cellular ROS coincided with mitochondria. These results indicated that ethanol is not merely a necrotizing factor for gastric epithelial cells, but also an oxidative stress inducer via injured mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tamura
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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12
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Suzuki H, Kaneko T, Mizokami Y, Narasaka T, Endo S, Matsui H, Yanaka A, Hirayama A, Hyodo I. Therapeutic efficacy of the Qing Dai in patients with intractable ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2718-2722. [PMID: 23674882 PMCID: PMC3645393 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i17.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that may become intractable when treated with conventional medications such as aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and azathioprine. The herbal medicine Qing Dai has traditionally been used in Chinese medicine to treat UC patients, but there is a lack of published data on the efficacy of Qing Dai in UC treatment. We report several cases of patients with intractable UC who take Qing Dai in a retrospective observational study. Furthermore, we explore the mechanisms of action of Qing Dai. Nine patients with active UC who received conventional medications but wished to receive Qing Dai as an alternative medication were included in our analysis. The UC severity level was determined based on the clinical activity index (CAI). Additionally, 5 of the 9 patients were endoscopically evaluated according to the Matts grading system. Each patient received 2 g/d of Qing Dai orally and continued taking other medications for UC as prescribed. Electron spin resonance was applied to explore the mechanisms of action of Qing Dai. After 4 mo of treatment with Qing Dai, the CAI score decreased from 8.3 ± 2.4 to 2.4 ± 3.4 (mean ± SD; P < 0.001). Similarly, the endoscopic Matts grade decreased from 3.4 ± 0.5 to 2.2 ± 0.8 (P = 0.02). Six of 7 patients who were on prednisolone upon enrollment in the study were able to discontinue this corticosteroid. Electron spin resonance revealed that Qing Dai possesses strong hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Qing Dai showed significant clinical and endoscopic efficacy in patients who failed to respond to conventional medications. Scavenging of hydroxyl radicals appears to be a potential mechanism through which Qing Dai acts, but the significance of the scavenging ability of Qing Dai with respect to the anti-inflammatory effect in UC patients warrants further investigation.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent developments in the field of gastroduodenal mucosal defense. RECENT FINDINGS Research in the field of gastroduodenal mucosal defense is shifting from animal models of mucosal injury towards the elucidation of molecular mechanisms that protect the mucosa at the cellular level. Accordingly, the recent literature is focused on endogenous antioxidants such as mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD), and heme oxygenase-1, mucosal receptors such as the Toll-like receptors and protease-activated receptors, endogenous proteins with protective effects such as the matrix metalloproteinases, heat-inducible factors and trefoil factors, protective functions of submucosal mononuclear cells, junctional proteins affecting mucosal permeability, and hormone-mediated protective mechanisms mediated by estrogens, vasoactive peptides, and other hormones. SUMMARY These new published findings contribute to our overall understanding of gastroduodenal defense and suggest innovative avenues of future research and possible novel therapeutic targets.
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Nagano Y, Matsui H, Shimokawa O, Hirayama A, Nakamura Y, Tamura M, Rai K, Kaneko T, Hyodo I. Bisphosphonate-induced gastrointestinal mucosal injury is mediated by mitochondrial superoxide production and lipid peroxidation. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2012; 51:196-203. [PMID: 23170047 PMCID: PMC3491244 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.12-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates such as alendronate and risedronate are commonly used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. They have the gastrointestinal adverse effects such as erosions and ulcers in stomach and small intestine. However, the detailed biological mechanism remains to be elucidated. Since alendronate is suggested to increase the risk of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related gastropathy, we hypothesized that bisphosphonates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have the same pathophysiological mechanisms in gastrointestinal mucosa: Bisphosphonates may induce cellular lipid peroxidation by inducing the production of mitochondrial superoxide. We also hypothesized that geranylgeranylacetone, an antiulcer drug, may prevent lipid peroxidation by reducing superoxide production. We treated gastric RGM1 cells and small intestinal IEC6 cells with alendronate or risedronate, and examined cellular injury, lipid peroxidation and superoxide production with specific fluorescent dyes, and underwent electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect the production of superoxide in vitro. The results indicated that bisphosphonates indeed induced cellular injury, cellular lipid peroxidation, and superoxide production. We also demonstrated that the pretreatment of geranylgeranylacetone decreased superoxide production and prevented cellular lipid peroxidation. These results suggested that bisphosphonates, like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, induce lipid peroxidation by producing mitochondrial superoxide, which was prevented by geranylgeranylacetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Nagano
- The Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan ; Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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