Evaluation of salivary level of IL-10 in patients with oral lichen planus, a preliminary investigation

Evaluation of the salivary level of glutathione reductase, catalase and free thiol in patients with oral lichen planus

OBJECTIVE

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a usual chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa with malignant capacity, whose pathogenesis is not yet well known. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species may have a vital role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. This study aimed to assess Glutathione reductase, catalase, and free thiol levels in the saliva of OLP patients and compare it with healthy people.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, 35 patients with OLP and 20 healthy people were involved. Five mL of whole, unstimulated saliva samples were collected in the morning, and the salivary levels of antioxidants were measured by ELISA technique. In this experiment, sex, age and OLP types were also evaluated.

RESULTS

There was a significant decrease in the patients' salivary level of Glutathione reductase (0.2043 mU/ml in patients and 0.3901 mU/ml in the control group) and catalase (0.1525 mU/ml in patients and 0.2700 mU/ml in the control group) (p = 0.001). But there were no differences between the two groups regarding free-thiol levels (0.0586 mU/ml in patients and 0.0569 mU/ml in the control group) (p = 0.7). However, there was no correlation between age and gender with the antioxidants' contents. There was a significant decrease in glutathione reductase and catalase in the erosive type than in the non-erosive type.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we found that the salivary levels of Glutathione reductase and Catalase were lower in OLP patients than in the healthy group, which means these antioxidants were affected by OLP and also associated with the type of it. So salivary Glutathione reductase and Catalase levels may be used as biomarkers for OLP monitoring and treatment.

Serum and salivary cytokines in patients with oral lichen planus treated with Photobiomodulation

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the serum and salivary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) treated with Photobiomodulation (PBM) and clobetasol propionate 0.05%.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Thirty-four OLP patients were randomized into two groups: Control (clobetasol propionate 0.05%) and PBM (660 nm, 100 mW, 177 J/cm2 , 5 s, 0.5 J per point). Serum and saliva were collected at baseline and at the end of treatment (after 30 days) and evaluated using ELISA. The cytokine results were correlated with pain, clinical subtypes, and clinical scores of OLP.

RESULTS

IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IL-4 levels were higher in saliva in relation to serum. IL-1β was the most concentrated cytokine in saliva, and a positive correlation with the severity of OLP was noticed. After treatment with corticosteroid, IL-1β in saliva decreased significantly. No modulation of all cytokines was observed after PBM.

CONCLUSION

IL-1β appears to be an important cytokine involved in OLP pathogenesis. In addition, the mechanisms of action of PBM do not seem to be linked to the modulation of pro or anti-inflammatory cytokines at the end of treatment. It is possible that this events occurred early during treatment.

A review on interleukins (IL10 and IL17) as biomarkers for hepatitis C-associated oral lichen planus

Background

Hepatitis C virus is a viral infection associated with autoimmune disorders. This virus has hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. One of the extrahepatic manifestations associated with the hepatitis C virus includes oral lichen planus. Oral lichen planus is an autoimmune disorder mainly affecting the tongue and buccal mucosa. It clinically represents grayish-white striae bilaterally on the buccal mucosa. The pathogenesis involves the progression of the hepatitis C virus, and oral lichen planus affects T lymphocytes. Specific proteins and cytokines activate these T lymphocytes, which act as biomarkers to detect certain diseases. Interleukin 10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, whereas interleukin 17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. These cytokines have a pathophysiological role and act as biomarkers for many diseases. Therefore, this review article aims to establish the role of interleukin 10 and interleukin 17 as biomarkers for hepatitis C-associated oral lichen planus.

Conclusion

Hepatitis C virus is an infectious disease that can lead to liver cirrhosis, and oral lichen planus is a premalignant lesion that can lead to oral carcinoma. As interleukin 10 lessens the immune pathologies and interleukin 17 mediates proinflammatory response, therefore, these biomarkers have a role in progression of these diseases.

Serum Vitamin Profile in Oral Lichen Planus Patients in Southwest of Iran

Introduction

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disease. It is mainly an immune system-related disorder. Vitamins can modulate immune system functions, and thus, vitamin deficiency might have roles in exacerbating OLP. We aim to determine the serum levels of vitamins A, B12, C, D3, and E in OLP patients.

Methods and Materials

34 OLP patients referred to Shiraz Dental School entered the study. Blood samples were collected and levels of A, B12, C, D3, and E vitamins were measured in serum. 43 healthy people were also included as the control group. Serum levels of vitamins were measured by HPLC (A, B12, D3, and E) and Kiazist analyzing kit (vitamin C).

Results

Most of the patients were female (62.3%), and the mean age of patients was 48.03 ± 11.57. Serum levels of vitamins A, C, and E were lower in OLP patients in comparison with the healthy group; however, the difference was not significant. Vitamins B12 and D3 were higher in the OLP group but the difference was not significant.

Conclusion

Serum levels of vitamins A, B12, C, D3, and E do not have a significant difference in OLP patients and healthy groups. These vitamins may not have a considerable role in OLP pathogenesis in the southwest of Iran.

Interleukin dynamics during cognitive stress in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia

Neuroimmune interactions represent a highly dynamic mechanism for the regulation of cognitive function in chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI). The aim of this study was to investigate changes in salivary proinflammatory cytokines IL1β and IL6 and anti-inflammatory IL10 in patients with CCI (mean age 65.4 ± 9.1 years) before and after cognitive tests. After cognitive tests, the levels of salivary IL1β and IL6 were significantly elevated by 101.6 ± 19.1 pg/ml (n = 74) and 32.8 ± 6.1 pg/ml (n = 74), respectively. Using one-way ANOVA ana non-parametric statistical methods, we were able to demonstrate associations between changes in salivary interleukins and cognitive performance. In the group of patients with a significant increase in IL1β, some cognitive parameters were lower than in the group with negative or zero dynamics of this cytokine: the patients made more mistakes in the subtraction test (F = 11.5; n = 63; p = 0.001) and performed worse in the Luria test (F = 6.8; n = 65; p = 0.01). For IL6, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for the number of mistakes in the subtraction test was positive and differed significantly from 0 (R = 0.26; n = 62; p = 0.042). The group with positive IL10 dynamics performed better in N-back test (F = 5.2; n = 67; p = 0.03) and made fewer mistakes in the subtraction test (F = 6.8; n = 63; p = 0.01) in comparison with patients who demonstrated negative IL10 dynamics. Good performance in other cognitive tests was not correlated with interleukin dynamics. The article also discusses possible mechanisms underlying interleukin effects on cognitive function in patients with CCI and applications of the obtained data.

PCR Detection of HHV8 DNA in the Saliva of Removable Denture Wearers Compared to Dentate Cases in Shiraz, South of Iran

Result

In the denture wearers, HHV8 DNA was detected in 11 cases. Two of the controls amplified HHV8 DNA. Fisher's exact test demonstrates a significant difference between virus infection and using removable dentures (p = 0.015).

Conclusion

Our findings suggested that HHV8 detection could be associated with use of denture.