Electrochemical determination of benomyl using MWCNTs interspersed graphdiyne as enhanced electrocatalyst

Advances of functional graphdiyne in separation and detection

Separation and detection technologies are essential tools for ensuring quality, safety and efficiency across various industries. Graphdiyne (GDY), a carbon material made up of alkyne bonds conjugated with benzene rings to form a planar all-carbon network, is increasingly utilized in the fields of separation and detection. GDY is becoming an ideal separation medium due to its adjustable pore sizes, unique alkyne-rich framework, and easy to be functionalized. On the other hand, GDY shows great potential in detection with the advantages of efficient photoelectric effect, high carrier mobility, and large surface areas to provide active sites. This review summarizes the progress of functional GDY in separation and detection from 2011 to 2024. Various synthesis methods were introduced on improving the properties of GDY in separation and detection. Efforts have increasingly focused on the development of functional GDY in separation functionalities such as magnetic and membranous separations. Moreover, the application of functional GDY in detection technologies are discussed such as electrochemical, spectroanalysis, and dual-mode approaches. Finally, the promising research directions and prospects of functional GDY are discussed to explore further applications in both separation and detection.

Combination of Cu-BTC- and FeCo-MOF-Derived Carbon Enhanced Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Benomyl in Fruits and Vegetables

The development of sensitive and selective methods for detecting pesticide residues has become paramount for ensuring food safety. In this work, a high-performance molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on the composite of Cu-BTC- and FeCo-ZIF-derived N-doped carbon (FeCo@NC), synthesized by pyrolysis and electrodeposition, was developed for Benomyl (BN) detection. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In this sensing system, the Cu-BTC/FeCo@NC composite used as the electrode substrate displayed a large specific surface area, high electronic conductivity, and rich active catalytic sites, demonstrating excellent electrocatalytic ability toward BN oxidation. Meanwhile, Cu-BTC, with its abundant surface functional groups, facilitated strong hydrogen bonding interactions with the imprinted template molecule of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), promoting the formation of a uniform molecularly imprinted membrane on the substrate material surface. The introduced MIP-PEDOT could enhance the selective recognition and enrichment of the target BN, leading to an amplified detection signal. Thanks to the synergistic effects between Cu-BTC/FeCo@NC and MIP-PEDOT, the proposed sensor achieved a low detection limit of 1.67 nM. Furthermore, the fabricated sensor exhibited high selectivity, reproducibility, and interference resistance in detecting BN. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of BN in vegetable and fruit samples, indicating its potential for use in practical applications.

Construction of an electrochemical sensor for the detection of methyl parathion with three-dimensional graphdiyne-carbon nanotubes

To enhance the application performance of graphdiyne (GDY) in electrochemical sensing, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown in situ to construct three-dimensional nanoarchitectures of GDY-CNTs composites. GDY-CNTs showed superior electrochemical properties and detection response to MP when compared with GDY, as the in situ growth of CNTs significantly increased the electrode surface area and enhanced the electron transfer process. GDY-CNTs were successfully used to construct electrochemical sensors for methyl parathion (MP). The proposed sensor exhibited a wide linear relationship for MP ranging from 0.09 to 64.6 µM with a detection limit of 0.05 µM. Moreover, the sensor also showed good stability and acceptable reproducibility, which provided a feasible method for rapid and accurate detection of MP in real samples. This work provides an effective application of graphdiyne in electrochemical sensing with constructed three-dimensional GDY-CNTs.

Ti3C2Tx/laser-induced graphene-based micro-droplet electrochemical sensing platform for rapid and sensitive detection of benomyl

The design and fabrication of high-performance electrode devices are highly important for the practical application of electrochemical sensors. In this study, flexible three-dimensional porous graphene electrode devices were first facilely fabricated using common laser ablation technique at room temperature. After then, hydrophilic two-dimensional MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheet was decorated on the surface of the laser-induced graphene (LIG), resulting in disposable Ti3C2Tx/LIG electrode devices. After introducing Ti3C2Tx nanosheet, the electrochemical active area, electron transfer ability of LIG electrode device and its adsorption efficiency toward organic pesticide benomyl was significantly boosted. As a result, the fabricated Ti3C2Tx/LIG electrode device exhibited significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward benomyl oxidation. Based on this, a novel and ultra-sensitive electrochemical platform for micro-droplet detection of benomyl was achieved in the range of 10 nM-6000 nM with detection sensitivity of 169.9 μA μM-1 cm-2 and detection limit of 5.8 nM. Considering the low-cost Ti3C2Tx/LIG electrode devices are rarely used for electrochemical analysis, we believed this research work will contribute to exploring the broader application of MXene/LIG electrode devices in the field of electrochemical sensing.